Investigating Missouri Per Pupil Expenditure as a Function of Median Household Income

Slide 1: Investigating Missouri Per Pupil Expenditure as a Function of Median Household Income Adam Geller University of Missouri – St. Louis

Slide 2: Two Main Data Sets • Median Household Income – United States Census 2000 • Per Pupil Expenditure – Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education

Slide 3: 2000 Median Household Income • Wealth concentrated in urban areas

Slide 4: 2007 Per Pupil Expenditure • Spending has no clear pattern • Pockets of high spending in low income areas as well as in high income areas

Slide 5: Full Data Set $18,000 $16,000 $14,000 $12,000 $10,000 R2 = 0.0127 PPE $8,000 $6,000 $4,000 $2,000 $0 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 Median Incom e

Slide 6: Full Data Set • R2 = 0.00127 $18,000 $16,000 • On the whole, median $14,000 $12,000 income does not $10,000 R2 = 0.0127 PPE serve as a predictor $8,000 of PPE $6,000 $4,000 $2,000 $0 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 Median Incom e

Slide 7: Urban or Rural? • All school districts geographically touching an urban census area were selected, in entirety, as urban districts. • This groups the metropolitan area as urban rather than only districts of cities proper

Slide 8: Median Income of Urban Districts • Map uses same color brackets as previous state-wide map. • Clearer concentration of wealth with mix of lower income areas

Slide 9: Urban Districts PPE $18,000 $16,000 $14,000 $12,000 R2 = 0.0701 $10,000 PPE $8,000 $6,000 $4,000 $2,000 $0 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 Median Incom e

Slide 10: Urban Districts PPE • R2 = 0.0701 $18,000 $16,000 • In urban districts, $14,000 $12,000 median income does R2 = 0.0701 $10,000 PPE not serve as a $8,000 predictor of PPE $6,000 $4,000 $2,000 $0 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 Median Incom e

Slide 11: Rural Districts PPE $16,000 $14,000 $12,000 $10,000 PPE $8,000 R2 = 0.0131 $6,000 $4,000 $2,000 $0 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 Median Incom e

Slide 12: Rural Districts PPE • R2 = 0.0131 $16,000 $14,000 • In rural districts, $12,000 income does not $10,000 PPE serve as a predictor $8,000 R2 = 0.0131 $6,000 of PPE $4,000 $2,000 $0 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 Median Incom e

Slide 13: Median Income Brackets • Missouri median household income was $43,266 • 566 districts in data set – 139 districts above median income – 427 districts at or below median income

Slide 14: Median Income ≤ $43,266 $16,000 $14,000 $12,000 $10,000 PPE $8,000 $6,000 R2 = 0.0027 $4,000 $2,000 $0 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 Median Incom e

Slide 15: Median Income ≤ $43,266 • R2 = 0.0027 $16,000 $14,000 • When median income $12,000 is less than $43,266, $10,000 PPE PPE is not correlated $8,000 $6,000 to median income R2 = 0.0027 $4,000 $2,000 $0 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 Median Incom e

Slide 16: Median Income > $43,266 $18,000 $16,000 $14,000 $12,000 R2 = 0.1948 $10,000 PPE $8,000 $6,000 $4,000 $2,000 $0 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 Median Incom e R2 = 0.1940

Slide 17: Very Top End May Skew The Relationship District Name Median Income PPE LADUE $109,160 $11,984 CLAYTON $101,410 $15,248 ROCKWOOD $87,537 $7,676 PARKWAY $84,437 $9,262 KIRKWOOD $79,257 $10,134 • “Clustering” begins below median income of these five districts

Slide 18: $43,266 > Median Income < $75,000 $14,000 $12,000 $10,000 $8,000 PPE $6,000 R2 = 0.0399 $4,000 $2,000 $0 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 Median Incom e R2 = 0.0399

Slide 19: What does this mean? • From this analysis, it is not clear whether any of these results are a “statistically significant” relationship • A multi-variable relationship is more likely to explain how PPE is affected – Free and reduced lunch population – Special education population – Limited English proficiency population

Slide 20: Sources • Median Income by school district – http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/bat • 2007 School District Boundaries – http://www.msdis.missouri.edu/datasearch/Ve ctDisplayResults.jsp?currDispPageNum=1 • Per Pupil Expenditure – http://dese.mo.gov/schooldata/ftp/finance.xls

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