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Temperature Regulation
   By the end of the lesson you should
    know
   How the body corrects overheating
   How the body corrects overcooling
   What thermocreceptors do?
   What volutary responses are carried out
    to control temperature
Temperature regulation
Temperature regulation
Temperature regulation
Why do we need to regulate:
Internal body temperature


   To provide the optimum conditions for
    enzyme-catalysed reactions to be
    carried out.
Body Temperature
   Normal internal body temperature
    is 370C.
   Temperatures above this:
    denature enzymes and block
    metabolic pathways
   Temperatures below this:
    slow down metabolism and affect
    the brain.
Water Bath




         Temperature set on thermostat
Too cool? Heater kicks on and temperature goes up
Too warm? Heater stays off until bath cools down
     Constant checking and turning on and off
Control of homeostasis
    through feedback

   Feedback system- cycle of events in which the
    status of a body condition is continually
    monitored, evaluated, changed, re-monitored,
    re-evaluated, etc.
3 basic components of a feedback system

   1) receptor
    –   sensor that responds to changes (stimuli)
   2) control centre
    –   sets range of values, evaluates input and sends
        output
   3) effector
    –   receives output from control centre and
        produces a response
Body Temperature Control

   The hypothalamus
    acts as a thermostat
    and receives nerve
    impulses from heat
    and cold
    thermoreceptors in
    the skin.
   There are also
    receptors in the
    hypothalamus- called
    central
    thermoreceptors.
                           These detect changes in
                           blood temperature.
Vasoconstriction and
   Vasodilatation
Correction of overheating
1.   Detected by thermoreceptors in the
     hypothalamus.
2.   Causes vasodilation.
3.   Sweating
Cooling down
         When it's hot and you
          need to cool down,
          muscles at each hair
          relax.
         Hairs lie close to the
          skin.
         Air does not act as an
          insulating layer.
Sweating




      How does it work?
      Heat energy in the
      body is used to
      convert the water
      in sweat to vapour
      cooling down the
      body.
Correction of overcooling
1.   Detected by thermoreceptors in the
     hypothalamus.
2.   Causes vasoconstriction.
3.   Decreased sweating
4.   Shivering
Keeping warm
         When it's cold, the
          muscle contracts
          pulls the hair up.
         A layer of warm air
          accumulates around
          the hair and
          insulates the
          organism.
         Heat retained
Shivering

            How does it
            work?
Voluntary responses
   In humans the cerebrum “makes”
    people feel cold or hot.
   They can then e.g. put on more
    clothes, eat a hot meal, exercise etc
    as appropriate.

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Temperature regulation

  • 1. Temperature Regulation  By the end of the lesson you should know  How the body corrects overheating  How the body corrects overcooling  What thermocreceptors do?  What volutary responses are carried out to control temperature
  • 5. Why do we need to regulate: Internal body temperature  To provide the optimum conditions for enzyme-catalysed reactions to be carried out.
  • 6. Body Temperature  Normal internal body temperature is 370C.  Temperatures above this: denature enzymes and block metabolic pathways  Temperatures below this: slow down metabolism and affect the brain.
  • 7. Water Bath Temperature set on thermostat Too cool? Heater kicks on and temperature goes up Too warm? Heater stays off until bath cools down Constant checking and turning on and off
  • 8. Control of homeostasis through feedback  Feedback system- cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is continually monitored, evaluated, changed, re-monitored, re-evaluated, etc.
  • 9. 3 basic components of a feedback system  1) receptor – sensor that responds to changes (stimuli)  2) control centre – sets range of values, evaluates input and sends output  3) effector – receives output from control centre and produces a response
  • 10. Body Temperature Control  The hypothalamus acts as a thermostat and receives nerve impulses from heat and cold thermoreceptors in the skin.  There are also receptors in the hypothalamus- called central thermoreceptors. These detect changes in blood temperature.
  • 11. Vasoconstriction and Vasodilatation
  • 12. Correction of overheating 1. Detected by thermoreceptors in the hypothalamus. 2. Causes vasodilation. 3. Sweating
  • 13. Cooling down  When it's hot and you need to cool down, muscles at each hair relax.  Hairs lie close to the skin.  Air does not act as an insulating layer.
  • 14. Sweating How does it work? Heat energy in the body is used to convert the water in sweat to vapour cooling down the body.
  • 15. Correction of overcooling 1. Detected by thermoreceptors in the hypothalamus. 2. Causes vasoconstriction. 3. Decreased sweating 4. Shivering
  • 16. Keeping warm  When it's cold, the muscle contracts pulls the hair up.  A layer of warm air accumulates around the hair and insulates the organism.  Heat retained
  • 17. Shivering How does it work?
  • 18. Voluntary responses  In humans the cerebrum “makes” people feel cold or hot.  They can then e.g. put on more clothes, eat a hot meal, exercise etc as appropriate.