1. INTERESTS, PERCEPTIONS AND IDEAS: INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE Samuel Munyua Kimani IFRI/CRC -Kenya Kenya Forestry Research Institute

2. What are weak or strong a. Policies b. Institutions? Effects of decentralization and property reform policies on forest resources

5. Study area Location of Kakamega (A) Arabuko Sokoke (B) Forests and Kenya (C)

7. Institutions involved in management/use of Arabuko Sokoke forest

8. Institutions involved in management/use of Kakamega forest

10. Institutional Analysis in combating/ adapting to climate change The IAD Interrelations Framework (Source - Ostrom, et al. 1994)

12. The political institutions is interested in restoring degraded habitats through seeking substitutes to forest products such as agro forestry, tree planting, carrying out forest enrichment. However, through teamwork their idea is to allocate different duties to various organizations in line with the government strategic plan. Their perception is that they will mitigate causes of poverty among forest adjacent communities through promoting non consumptive and non destructive use of the forest (bee keeping and butterfly farming), promoting diversification of activities to reduce dependence on the forest and involving local communities in other forest centered activities such as ecotourism and butterfly farming.

13. The grassroots’ institutions are interested in sustainable resource use with high turnover equivalent to the time they spend in conserving the forest. Their perception is that forest products are free goods and there should be unrestricted access and liberty of making rules that will bend low down towards their expectations. Their idea is to have opportunities to participate in meaningful ways in the management of the forest and as primary beneficiaries of its products and services among other functions. This in essence works towards save guiding the forest resource base by the communities for their own use and as carbon stock and flat forms for carbon sinks, thus enhancing mitigating impacts of climate change.

14. Frequency Distribution of Different Classes of Combating/Adaptation Practices

15. The flow and linkage of institutions and linkages

18. “ Once climate change rolls over you , if you 're not part of the steamroller , you 're part of the road .”