full chapter on minerals in India ICSE class 10

6. Metallic mineral are those minerals which can be melted to obtain new
products.
Contain metals and generally found in Igneous rocks.
Vital for industrialization.
Ferrous metal primarily contains iron and steel.
Iron ore, Manganese, Copper
: Iron ore,

7. Non-metallic minerals are those which do not yield new products on melting.
Do not contain minerals.
Found in sedimentary rocks.
Non-Ferrous metal contains little iron or steel.
Copper, Bauxite. Limestone, Mica.
Limestone
Bauxite

9. Do not contain minerals.
Found in sedimentary rocks.
Example: MICA, LIMESTONE etc
Contain metals and generally found in
Igneous rocks.
Vital for industrialization.
EXAMPLE RON ORE, MANGANESE,
COPPER etc.

16. USES AND EXPLOITATION

25. Deposits- M.P, ORISSA, A.P,
CHATTISGARH, KARNATAKA
• USES-SMELTING OF IRON,
MANUFACTURING FERRO-
ALLOYS , ADDS STRENGHT
TO STEEL

26. DEPOSITS- M.P ,TAMIL
NADU,BIHAR,
ORISSA,GUJARAT, RAJASTAN,
MAHARASHTRA,JHARKHAN
D
RAW MATERIAL FOR
CEMENT INDUSTRY

27. COAL
 FORMED MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO
 More than 65% of electricity generation capacities are coal based.
 LEADING COAL PRODUCERS-USA,RUSSIA, GERMANY
,FRANCE,SOUTHAFRICA,CHINA
 INDIA-JHAIRA(LARGEST),RANIGANG
 LOW GRADE-ASSAM,ARUNACHAL PRADESH,NAGALAND MEGALAYA
 LIGNITE-TAMIL NADU,PUDUCHERRY,GUJRAT,JK
 USES-THERMAL POWER;IRON,STEEL INDUSTRIES; DOMESTIC FUEL;
STEAM ENGINES
Why is it called black gold? Name one state where it is
found in India?
It is called black gold because of its high utility as a source
of energy and as a raw material for a large number of
Industries.

28. •
• Anthracite – (90% carbon) :
It is jet black in color and burns
slowly without smoke or soot. It is
clean to handle and has a high
heating value.
• Bituminous coal (50-80% carbon) :
Coke required for smelting of
iron ore is derived from
bituminous coal.
• Lignite (40% carbon) :
It is brown or brownish in
color. It has large quantities
of ash and moisture.
• Peat –
It is considered to be
inferior to other three
varieties due to least carbon
content.

29. GONDWANA COAL FIELDS
• It accounts for 98% of the
total reserves and 99% of
the total coal production in
India.
• These are 250 million years
old.
• These coal mines provide
superior quality coal.
• Less moisture compared to
Tertiary coal.
TERTIARY COAL FIELDS
• It has very less reserves.
• These are 15 to 60 million
years old.
• These provide inferior coal.
• Higher moisture content
and more sulphur.

30. Richest and oldest coalfields of India?
Jharia and Raniganj
Jharia Raniganj.

31. PETROLEUM
 DERIVATION-LATIN(ROCKOIL)
 TRAPPED BETWEEN SEDIMETARY ROCKS,IS BLACK
 IT IS DRILLED FROM OFF &ON SHORE OIL FELDS
 USED FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION IN
AUTOMOBILES, AIRCRAFT ETC
 ALSO CALLED BLACK GOLD,LIQUID GOLD
 TOP PRODUCERS MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES,
USA,RUSSIA,ALGERIA,VENEZULA
 IN INDIA-DIGBOI IN ASSAM,BOMBAY HIGH,DELTAS
OF KRISHNA &GODAVARI