Web 2.0 for Archivists, Powerpoint Version

Web 2.0 for Archivists
MARAC CHAUTAUQUA
May 1, 2008
Arian D. Ravanbakhsh Kate Theimer

Workshop Overview
Three Hour Tour (9:00 am - 12:00 pm) with one intermission (about 10:30)
Disclaimer: Opinions expressed by Arian are his, not NARA’s.
Topics on the table:
Web 1.0 - History and Characteristics
“ Web 2.0” – Definition and Characteristics
Overview of Specific Web 2.0 Sites/Tools
What they are, how to use them, how archives are using them
Other things to consider – copyright, sites to watch, final thoughts

Historical Development of Web
1836 Telegraph
1876 Telephone
1945 “As We Think”
1957 Advanced Research Projects Agency
1966 1 st ARPANET plan
1969 the first ARPANET node at UCLA followed at a months interval with the 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th at Stanford, UC Santa Barbara and U of Utah
1980 Tim Burners Lee writes “Enquire” at CERN
1986 5000 Internet hosts
1990 web is born at CERN
1991 100/day 1992 1000/day 1993 10,000/day
1993 Mosaic 1994 Netscape founded 1995 First Microsoft Browser
1994 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
1995 .com sites exceed .edu
2000 NASDAQ peaks (around 5100), .com bubble
3

Characteristics of Web 1.0
Roughly, circa 1994-2004
Websites largely one-way, published content
Controlled, static information
Technical point: Proprietary HTML tags like <blink> <marquee>
Bandwidth limitations on users (most everyone on dial-up connections)

Dr. Michael Wesch, Kansas State University http://www.youtube.com/user/mwesch

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What is meant by “Web 2.0”?
Term commonly agreed to have been coined by Tim O’Reilly in conjunction with O'Reilly Media Web 2.0 conference in 2004.
Wikipedia definition: “A trend in the use of World Wide Web technology and web design that aims to facilitate creativity, information sharing, and, most notably, collaboration among users. These concepts have led to the development and evolution of web-based communities and hosted services, such as social-networking sites, wikis, blogs, and folksonomies.”
Characteristics:
Network as platform – “cloud computing”
Openness – open architecture, open standards, open source, open content
Sharing – people and organizations sharing content, users sharing opinions, tags, rankings,
Explosion of ways to connect – people connecting through social networks, communities around blogs, wikis, Flickr groups; and people connecting information sources through tags, RSS feeds, mash-ups . . .

Overview of most common Web. 2.0 tools/sites
RSS – makes it all possible
Blogs & microblogs (such as Twitter)
Podcasts (video and audio)
Image sharing sites (such as Flickr)
Video sharing sites (such as YouTube)
Wikis
Tagging and social bookmarking
Social Networking sites (such as Facebook and LinkedIn)
Second Life

RSS = Really Simple Syndication
Web format used to publish frequently updated content
Specified through XML formats
RSS documents can contain either partial or complete content
Contain wide variety of formats: text, photos, audio, video
Aggregators collect RSS feeds
Some client based, some web based
Made possible a revolution – content now “pushed” out by providers, not “pulled” out individually by users

Content Distributed via RSS
Blog
Audio/Video (Podcast)
Microblog

What is a blog?

Creating and maintaining a blog
Technically, easy to start via Blogger or downloading Wordpress software.
Before you begin, define what the blog is for.
Identify how often you’d like to post and who will be responsible for writing posts. Writing posts takes time—make sure this is understood.
Will you accept comments? Who will monitor them? Who will respond?
Provide links back to your main site. Provide a contact email on the blog.

Examples of archives blogs
General repository:
Historical Notes from OHSU (http://ohsu-hca.blogspot.com/)
Mudd Manuscript Library Blog ( http://blogs.princeton.edu/mudd/ )
Alone In the Archives ( http://lcb48.wordpress.com/ )
Processing blogs:
Processing the Chew Family Papers (http://chewpapers.blogspot.com/)
A View to Hugh (http://www.lib.unc.edu/blogs/morton/)
Event-based
Abner Jackson Journal 1858-1867 (http://abnerjackson.wordpress.com/)
WW1: Experiences of an English Soldier (http://wwar1.blogspot.com/)
Other resources
Archival Blogs list (a wiki) ( http://archivalblogs.wikispaces.com/archivalbloglist )
ArchivesNext listing ( http://www.archivesnext.com/?page_id=62 )
Archives Blogs aggregator (http://archivesblogs.com/)

Web-based RSS aggregator - ArchivesBlogs

Arian’s Google reader

Microblog - Twitter

Podcast (Audio or Video)
Podcast - Audio Blog
Vblog - Video Blog

Creating and maintaining podcasts
You create digital audio or video files, put them on a server and make them available to the public
Consider what kind of files you want to share (digitized collections or recordings of your public programs, for example). Do you want to have an ongoing series or just share occasional files?
Consider how widely you want to promote your podcasts (iTunes, Podcast Alley, other directories)
Provide resources on your website, way for users to contact you, send in comments.

Examples of archives podcasts
Digitized historical content
Thomas Edison’s Attic ( http://wfmu.org/playlists/TE )
Presidential Libraries podcasts ( http://www.archives.gov/presidential-libraries/research/podcasts.html )
StoryCorps (oral histories) (http://www.storycorps.net/listen/)
Historical collections based podcasts
Guided By History podcasts ( http://blog.wellsfargo.com/GuidedByHistory/Podcasts/ )
National Archives of Australia ( http://www.naa.gov.au/podcasts/audiocast.xml )
Kansas Memory Podcast ( http://www.kshs.org/audiotours/kansasmemory/kmpodcast.htm )
National Archives (UK) podcast series (http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/rss/podcasts.xml)
(iTunes only) Tampa Library, Florida, Special Collections (http://itunes.usf.edu/)

Flickr - Photo Sharing

Using Flickr
Free account: you can upload 100MB worth of photos each calendar month. This is a bandwidth limit, and not an amount of space that you have on Flickr servers. Some other limitations, but fine for beginning.
Pro account - $25 per year. Unlimited uploads (practically), and other expanded features.
Tags, link to maps, collections & sets, user groups
Make sure you include links and contact information
Check your comments

Archives on Flickr
“ The Commons” (primarily LOC) (http://flickr.com/commons)
“ The key goals of The Commons are to firstly give you a taste of the hidden treasures in the world's public photography archives, and secondly to show how your input and knowledge can help make these collections even richer.”
Groups: ArchivesOnFlickr, Archives & archivists on Flickr, etc.
Long listing on ArchivesNext of archives ( http://www.archivesnext.com/?page_id=62 )

YouTube - Video Sharing

Using YouTube
Create digital video files and post them to the YouTube site.
Consider what kind of files you want to share (digitized collections or recordings of your public programs, for example)
You can do a single video or a series (or a “channel”)
Provide resources on your website, way for users to contact you, send in comments.
One advantage—you can post a video on YouTube and then link to it from your blog without having to host the video on your own server. (And others can link to it as well.)

Archives on YouTube
Posting “about us” videos
New South Wales State Records
Purdue University Archives
National Archives of Australia (very short)
Posting videos of talks or events
Auburn University
Posting digitized video content
National Library of Scotland (Scottish Screen Archives)
Poetry Center Reading Series, Stony Brook Archives
Creating topical videos
George Eastman House
Hofstra University (Thomas Coffin collection)
Northwestern University – History of the Wildcats
Creating “what is an archivist” videos
Lots of these, actually

Social Content: Wikis - Wikipedia

Creating and maintaining a wiki
Software to install on your own server is free (MediaWiki) or you can have a free wiki on a commercial site (PB wiki, WetPaint, etc.)
Some rudimentary knowledge of coding is useful, but not mandatory
If the wiki is open it will require monitoring to prevent spammers or other malicious types.

Examples of how archives can use wikis
“ Your Archives” wiki at National Archives (UK) ( http://yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php?title=Home_page )
College of William & Mary ( http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Special_Collections_Research_Center )
John A. MacDonald portal ( http://www.canadachannel.ca/pm/index.php/Welcome_to_the_John_A._Macdonald_Portal )
Refuge Archives at ELU (http://refugeearchives.wetpaint.com)
Example from a library: Biz Wiki ( http://www.library.ohiou.edu/subjects/bizwiki/index.php/Main_Page )

Social Networking: Facebook/LinkedIn

Getting started on Facebook
Create an account (personal or organizational). You can’t access Facebook unless you have an account.
Fill out your profile
If it’s a personal account, get yourself some friends!
It’s easy to waste a lot of time on Facebook, but it’s not necessary.
If it’s an organizational account, take a look at some other organizational pages to get ideas for the things you can do. (Ohio and UK are good ones).

Archives & Archivists on Facebook
Groups for archivists on Facebook (Archivists on Facebook, Archivists Without a Cause, The Lone Arrangers, etc.)
Groups for archival organizations (MARAC, MAC) (Note the “SAA” group is not sponsored by SAA.)
Organizations have Facebook pages, and people can become “fans” (National Archives-UK, Ohio Historical Society, University of Wisconsin -- Eau Claire Special Collections & Archives, etc.)

Social Bookmarking: del.icio.us

Second Life

Copyright 2.0

Sites to Watch, Things to Do
ADR’s sites to watch:
General Technology News: ArsTechnica.com
Web 2.0 Applications: Webware.com
News about new toys: Engadget.com
Kate’s things to do:
Set up a GoogleReader or Bloglines account and subscribe to a bunch of archives and library blogs. For libraries, I like LibrarianInBlack, Free Range Librarian, Library Stuff, and librarian.net.
Play with some of this stuff. Set up a blog or wiki. Subscribe to some podcasts. Join Facebook and look around.

Final Thoughts/Questions/Discussion
It’s ok for things not to be perfect. None of this is ever finished.
Don’t fear failure. Everyone is trying things out. That’s what 2.0 is.
This stuff is actually fun. That doesn’t mean it’s not work. But it is fun.
You may get unexpected results.
Contact Kate if you want more information.

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Web 2.0 for Archivists, Powerpoint Version

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