Web 2.0 for Archivists MARAC CHAUTAUQUA May 1, 2008 Arian D. Ravanbakhsh Kate Theimer

MARAC CHAUTAUQUA

May 1, 2008

Workshop Overview Three Hour Tour (9:00 am - 12:00 pm) with one intermission (about 10:30) Disclaimer: Opinions expressed by Arian are his, not NARA’s. Topics on the table: Web 1.0 - History and Characteristics “ Web 2.0” – Definition and Characteristics Overview of Specific Web 2.0 Sites/Tools What they are, how to use them, how archives are using them Other things to consider – copyright, sites to watch, final thoughts

Three Hour Tour (9:00 am - 12:00 pm) with one intermission (about 10:30)

Disclaimer: Opinions expressed by Arian are his, not NARA’s.

Topics on the table:

Web 1.0 - History and Characteristics

“ Web 2.0” – Definition and Characteristics

Overview of Specific Web 2.0 Sites/Tools

What they are, how to use them, how archives are using them

Other things to consider – copyright, sites to watch, final thoughts

Historical Development of Web 1836 Telegraph 1876 Telephone 1945 “As We Think” 1957 Advanced Research Projects Agency 1966 1 st ARPANET plan 1969 the first ARPANET node at UCLA followed at a months interval with the 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th at Stanford, UC Santa Barbara and U of Utah 1980 Tim Burners Lee writes “Enquire” at CERN 1986 5000 Internet hosts 1990 web is born at CERN 1991 100/day 1992 1000/day 1993 10,000/day 1993 Mosaic 1994 Netscape founded 1995 First Microsoft Browser 1994 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) 1995 .com sites exceed .edu 2000 NASDAQ peaks (around 5100), .com bubble 3

1836 Telegraph

1876 Telephone

1945 “As We Think”

1957 Advanced Research Projects Agency

1966 1 st ARPANET plan

1969 the first ARPANET node at UCLA followed at a months interval with the 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th at Stanford, UC Santa Barbara and U of Utah

1980 Tim Burners Lee writes “Enquire” at CERN

1986 5000 Internet hosts

1990 web is born at CERN

1991 100/day 1992 1000/day 1993 10,000/day

1993 Mosaic 1994 Netscape founded 1995 First Microsoft Browser

1994 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

1995 .com sites exceed .edu

2000 NASDAQ peaks (around 5100), .com bubble

Characteristics of Web 1.0 Roughly, circa 1994-2004 Websites largely one-way, published content Controlled, static information Technical point: Proprietary HTML tags like <blink> <marquee> Bandwidth limitations on users (most everyone on dial-up connections)

Roughly, circa 1994-2004

Websites largely one-way, published content

Controlled, static information

Technical point: Proprietary HTML tags like <blink> <marquee>

Bandwidth limitations on users (most everyone on dial-up connections)

Dr. Michael Wesch, Kansas State University http://www.youtube.com/user/mwesch

Internet Video Placeholder Use this link --> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6gmP4nk0EOE Text

Use this link --> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6gmP4nk0EOE

What is meant by “Web 2.0”? Term commonly agreed to have been coined by Tim O’Reilly in conjunction with O'Reilly Media Web 2.0 conference in 2004. Wikipedia definition: “A trend in the use of World Wide Web technology and web design that aims to facilitate creativity, information sharing, and, most notably, collaboration among users. These concepts have led to the development and evolution of web-based communities and hosted services, such as social-networking sites, wikis, blogs, and folksonomies.” Characteristics: Network as platform – “cloud computing” Openness – open architecture, open standards, open source, open content Sharing – people and organizations sharing content, users sharing opinions, tags, rankings, Explosion of ways to connect – people connecting through social networks, communities around blogs, wikis, Flickr groups; and people connecting information sources through tags, RSS feeds, mash-ups . . .

Term commonly agreed to have been coined by Tim O’Reilly in conjunction with O'Reilly Media Web 2.0 conference in 2004.

Wikipedia definition: “A trend in the use of World Wide Web technology and web design that aims to facilitate creativity, information sharing, and, most notably, collaboration among users. These concepts have led to the development and evolution of web-based communities and hosted services, such as social-networking sites, wikis, blogs, and folksonomies.”

Characteristics:

Network as platform – “cloud computing”

Openness – open architecture, open standards, open source, open content

Sharing – people and organizations sharing content, users sharing opinions, tags, rankings,

Explosion of ways to connect – people connecting through social networks, communities around blogs, wikis, Flickr groups; and people connecting information sources through tags, RSS feeds, mash-ups . . .

Overview of most common Web. 2.0 tools/sites RSS – makes it all possible Blogs & microblogs (such as Twitter) Podcasts (video and audio) Image sharing sites (such as Flickr) Video sharing sites (such as YouTube) Wikis Tagging and social bookmarking Social Networking sites (such as Facebook and LinkedIn) Second Life

RSS – makes it all possible

Blogs & microblogs (such as Twitter)

Podcasts (video and audio)

Image sharing sites (such as Flickr)

Video sharing sites (such as YouTube)

Wikis

Tagging and social bookmarking

Social Networking sites (such as Facebook and LinkedIn)

Second Life

RSS = Really Simple Syndication Web format used to publish frequently updated content Specified through XML formats RSS documents can contain either partial or complete content Contain wide variety of formats: text, photos, audio, video Aggregators collect RSS feeds Some client based, some web based Made possible a revolution – content now “pushed” out by providers, not “pulled” out individually by users

Web format used to publish frequently updated content

Specified through XML formats

RSS documents can contain either partial or complete content

Contain wide variety of formats: text, photos, audio, video

Aggregators collect RSS feeds

Some client based, some web based

Made possible a revolution – content now “pushed” out by providers, not “pulled” out individually by users

Content Distributed via RSS Blog Audio/Video (Podcast) Microblog

Blog

Audio/Video (Podcast)

Microblog

What is a blog?

Creating and maintaining a blog Technically, easy to start via Blogger or downloading Wordpress software. Before you begin, define what the blog is for. Identify how often you’d like to post and who will be responsible for writing posts. Writing posts takes time—make sure this is understood. Will you accept comments? Who will monitor them? Who will respond? Provide links back to your main site. Provide a contact email on the blog.

Technically, easy to start via Blogger or downloading Wordpress software.

Before you begin, define what the blog is for.

Identify how often you’d like to post and who will be responsible for writing posts. Writing posts takes time—make sure this is understood.

Will you accept comments? Who will monitor them? Who will respond?

Provide links back to your main site. Provide a contact email on the blog.

Examples of archives blogs General repository: Historical Notes from OHSU (http://ohsu-hca.blogspot.com/) Mudd Manuscript Library Blog ( http://blogs.princeton.edu/mudd/ ) Alone In the Archives ( http://lcb48.wordpress.com/ ) Processing blogs: Processing the Chew Family Papers (http://chewpapers.blogspot.com/) A View to Hugh (http://www.lib.unc.edu/blogs/morton/) Event-based Abner Jackson Journal 1858-1867 (http://abnerjackson.wordpress.com/) WW1: Experiences of an English Soldier (http://wwar1.blogspot.com/) Other resources Archival Blogs list (a wiki) ( http://archivalblogs.wikispaces.com/archivalbloglist ) ArchivesNext listing ( http://www.archivesnext.com/?page_id=62 ) Archives Blogs aggregator (http://archivesblogs.com/)

General repository:

Historical Notes from OHSU (http://ohsu-hca.blogspot.com/)

Mudd Manuscript Library Blog ( http://blogs.princeton.edu/mudd/ )

Alone In the Archives ( http://lcb48.wordpress.com/ )

Processing blogs:

Processing the Chew Family Papers (http://chewpapers.blogspot.com/)

A View to Hugh (http://www.lib.unc.edu/blogs/morton/)

Event-based

Abner Jackson Journal 1858-1867 (http://abnerjackson.wordpress.com/)

WW1: Experiences of an English Soldier (http://wwar1.blogspot.com/)

Other resources

Archival Blogs list (a wiki) ( http://archivalblogs.wikispaces.com/archivalbloglist )

ArchivesNext listing ( http://www.archivesnext.com/?page_id=62 )

Archives Blogs aggregator (http://archivesblogs.com/)

Web-based RSS aggregator - ArchivesBlogs

Arian’s Google reader

Microblog - Twitter

Podcast (Audio or Video) Podcast - Audio Blog Vblog - Video Blog

Podcast - Audio Blog

Vblog - Video Blog

Creating and maintaining podcasts You create digital audio or video files, put them on a server and make them available to the public Consider what kind of files you want to share (digitized collections or recordings of your public programs, for example). Do you want to have an ongoing series or just share occasional files? Consider how widely you want to promote your podcasts (iTunes, Podcast Alley, other directories) Provide resources on your website, way for users to contact you, send in comments.

You create digital audio or video files, put them on a server and make them available to the public

Consider what kind of files you want to share (digitized collections or recordings of your public programs, for example). Do you want to have an ongoing series or just share occasional files?

Consider how widely you want to promote your podcasts (iTunes, Podcast Alley, other directories)

Provide resources on your website, way for users to contact you, send in comments.

Examples of archives podcasts Digitized historical content Thomas Edison’s Attic ( http://wfmu.org/playlists/TE ) Presidential Libraries podcasts ( http://www.archives.gov/presidential-libraries/research/podcasts.html ) StoryCorps (oral histories) (http://www.storycorps.net/listen/) Historical collections based podcasts Guided By History podcasts ( http://blog.wellsfargo.com/GuidedByHistory/Podcasts/ ) National Archives of Australia ( http://www.naa.gov.au/podcasts/audiocast.xml ) Kansas Memory Podcast ( http://www.kshs.org/audiotours/kansasmemory/kmpodcast.htm ) National Archives (UK) podcast series (http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/rss/podcasts.xml) (iTunes only) Tampa Library, Florida, Special Collections (http://itunes.usf.edu/)

Digitized historical content

Thomas Edison’s Attic ( http://wfmu.org/playlists/TE )

Presidential Libraries podcasts ( http://www.archives.gov/presidential-libraries/research/podcasts.html )

StoryCorps (oral histories) (http://www.storycorps.net/listen/)

Historical collections based podcasts

Guided By History podcasts ( http://blog.wellsfargo.com/GuidedByHistory/Podcasts/ )

National Archives of Australia ( http://www.naa.gov.au/podcasts/audiocast.xml )

Kansas Memory Podcast ( http://www.kshs.org/audiotours/kansasmemory/kmpodcast.htm )

National Archives (UK) podcast series (http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/rss/podcasts.xml)

(iTunes only) Tampa Library, Florida, Special Collections (http://itunes.usf.edu/)

Flickr - Photo Sharing

Using Flickr Free account: you can upload 100MB worth of photos each calendar month. This is a bandwidth limit, and not an amount of space that you have on Flickr servers. Some other limitations, but fine for beginning. Pro account - $25 per year. Unlimited uploads (practically), and other expanded features. Tags, link to maps, collections & sets, user groups Make sure you include links and contact information Check your comments

Free account: you can upload 100MB worth of photos each calendar month. This is a bandwidth limit, and not an amount of space that you have on Flickr servers. Some other limitations, but fine for beginning.

Pro account - $25 per year. Unlimited uploads (practically), and other expanded features.

Tags, link to maps, collections & sets, user groups

Make sure you include links and contact information

Check your comments

Archives on Flickr “ The Commons” (primarily LOC) (http://flickr.com/commons) “ The key goals of The Commons are to firstly give you a taste of the hidden treasures in the world's public photography archives, and secondly to show how your input and knowledge can help make these collections even richer.” Groups: ArchivesOnFlickr, Archives & archivists on Flickr, etc. Long listing on ArchivesNext of archives ( http://www.archivesnext.com/?page_id=62 )

“ The Commons” (primarily LOC) (http://flickr.com/commons)

“ The key goals of The Commons are to firstly give you a taste of the hidden treasures in the world's public photography archives, and secondly to show how your input and knowledge can help make these collections even richer.”

Groups: ArchivesOnFlickr, Archives & archivists on Flickr, etc.

Long listing on ArchivesNext of archives ( http://www.archivesnext.com/?page_id=62 )

YouTube - Video Sharing

Using YouTube Create digital video files and post them to the YouTube site. Consider what kind of files you want to share (digitized collections or recordings of your public programs, for example) You can do a single video or a series (or a “channel”) Provide resources on your website, way for users to contact you, send in comments. One advantage—you can post a video on YouTube and then link to it from your blog without having to host the video on your own server. (And others can link to it as well.)

Create digital video files and post them to the YouTube site.

Consider what kind of files you want to share (digitized collections or recordings of your public programs, for example)

You can do a single video or a series (or a “channel”)

Provide resources on your website, way for users to contact you, send in comments.

One advantage—you can post a video on YouTube and then link to it from your blog without having to host the video on your own server. (And others can link to it as well.)

Archives on YouTube Posting “about us” videos New South Wales State Records Purdue University Archives National Archives of Australia (very short) Posting videos of talks or events Auburn University Posting digitized video content National Library of Scotland (Scottish Screen Archives) Poetry Center Reading Series, Stony Brook Archives Creating topical videos George Eastman House Hofstra University (Thomas Coffin collection) Northwestern University – History of the Wildcats Creating “what is an archivist” videos Lots of these, actually

Posting “about us” videos

New South Wales State Records

Purdue University Archives

National Archives of Australia (very short)

Posting videos of talks or events

Auburn University

Posting digitized video content

National Library of Scotland (Scottish Screen Archives)

Poetry Center Reading Series, Stony Brook Archives

Creating topical videos

George Eastman House

Hofstra University (Thomas Coffin collection)

Northwestern University – History of the Wildcats

Creating “what is an archivist” videos

Lots of these, actually

Social Content: Wikis - Wikipedia

Creating and maintaining a wiki Software to install on your own server is free (MediaWiki) or you can have a free wiki on a commercial site (PB wiki, WetPaint, etc.) Some rudimentary knowledge of coding is useful, but not mandatory If the wiki is open it will require monitoring to prevent spammers or other malicious types.

Software to install on your own server is free (MediaWiki) or you can have a free wiki on a commercial site (PB wiki, WetPaint, etc.)

Some rudimentary knowledge of coding is useful, but not mandatory

If the wiki is open it will require monitoring to prevent spammers or other malicious types.

Examples of how archives can use wikis “ Your Archives” wiki at National Archives (UK) ( http://yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php?title=Home_page ) College of William & Mary ( http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Special_Collections_Research_Center ) John A. MacDonald portal ( http://www.canadachannel.ca/pm/index.php/Welcome_to_the_John_A._Macdonald_Portal ) Refuge Archives at ELU (http://refugeearchives.wetpaint.com) Example from a library: Biz Wiki ( http://www.library.ohiou.edu/subjects/bizwiki/index.php/Main_Page )

“ Your Archives” wiki at National Archives (UK) ( http://yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php?title=Home_page )

College of William & Mary ( http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Special_Collections_Research_Center )

John A. MacDonald portal ( http://www.canadachannel.ca/pm/index.php/Welcome_to_the_John_A._Macdonald_Portal )

Refuge Archives at ELU (http://refugeearchives.wetpaint.com)

Example from a library: Biz Wiki ( http://www.library.ohiou.edu/subjects/bizwiki/index.php/Main_Page )

Social Networking: Facebook/LinkedIn

Getting started on Facebook Create an account (personal or organizational). You can’t access Facebook unless you have an account. Fill out your profile If it’s a personal account, get yourself some friends! It’s easy to waste a lot of time on Facebook, but it’s not necessary. If it’s an organizational account, take a look at some other organizational pages to get ideas for the things you can do. (Ohio and UK are good ones).

Create an account (personal or organizational). You can’t access Facebook unless you have an account.

Fill out your profile

If it’s a personal account, get yourself some friends!

It’s easy to waste a lot of time on Facebook, but it’s not necessary.

If it’s an organizational account, take a look at some other organizational pages to get ideas for the things you can do. (Ohio and UK are good ones).

Archives & Archivists on Facebook Groups for archivists on Facebook (Archivists on Facebook, Archivists Without a Cause, The Lone Arrangers, etc.) Groups for archival organizations (MARAC, MAC) (Note the “SAA” group is not sponsored by SAA.) Organizations have Facebook pages, and people can become “fans” (National Archives-UK, Ohio Historical Society, University of Wisconsin -- Eau Claire Special Collections & Archives, etc.)

Groups for archivists on Facebook (Archivists on Facebook, Archivists Without a Cause, The Lone Arrangers, etc.)

Groups for archival organizations (MARAC, MAC) (Note the “SAA” group is not sponsored by SAA.)

Organizations have Facebook pages, and people can become “fans” (National Archives-UK, Ohio Historical Society, University of Wisconsin -- Eau Claire Special Collections & Archives, etc.)

Social Bookmarking: del.icio.us

Second Life

Copyright 2.0

Sites to Watch, Things to Do ADR’s sites to watch: General Technology News: ArsTechnica.com Web 2.0 Applications: Webware.com News about new toys: Engadget.com Kate’s things to do: Set up a GoogleReader or Bloglines account and subscribe to a bunch of archives and library blogs. For libraries, I like LibrarianInBlack, Free Range Librarian, Library Stuff, and librarian.net. Play with some of this stuff. Set up a blog or wiki. Subscribe to some podcasts. Join Facebook and look around.

ADR’s sites to watch:

General Technology News: ArsTechnica.com

Web 2.0 Applications: Webware.com

News about new toys: Engadget.com

Kate’s things to do:

Set up a GoogleReader or Bloglines account and subscribe to a bunch of archives and library blogs. For libraries, I like LibrarianInBlack, Free Range Librarian, Library Stuff, and librarian.net.

Play with some of this stuff. Set up a blog or wiki. Subscribe to some podcasts. Join Facebook and look around.

Final Thoughts/Questions/Discussion It’s ok for things not to be perfect. None of this is ever finished. Don’t fear failure. Everyone is trying things out. That’s what 2.0 is. This stuff is actually fun. That doesn’t mean it’s not work. But it is fun. You may get unexpected results. Contact Kate if you want more information.

It’s ok for things not to be perfect. None of this is ever finished.

Don’t fear failure. Everyone is trying things out. That’s what 2.0 is.

This stuff is actually fun. That doesn’t mean it’s not work. But it is fun.

You may get unexpected results.

Contact Kate if you want more information.