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Rocks & Minerals NOTES
What is a mineral? It is a  substance which has a  naturally occurring inorganic definite chemical composition ESRT Mineral Chart Click Here
Naturally Occurring Formed in nature & not made by people Inorganic Has not been made by or composed of life forms
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Crystal Structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Minerals have a definite chemical composition. What two elements, by mass, make up the greatest percentage of the Earth’s crust? silicon oxygen
Minerals have a definite chemical composition. These two elements combine to form compounds called silicates (SiO 4 )
Minerals have a definite chemical composition. They combine in a specific structure called a: silicon-oxygen tetrahedra
Mineral Formation: by 1 of 2 processes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mineral Properties & Identification
[object Object]
What causes minerals to have  different physical properties? their internal arrangement of atoms
The Main Physical Properties  Used to Identify Minerals Color a poor indicator minerals can be multiple colors many minerals are the same color
The Main Physical Properties  Used to Identify Minerals Streak the powder form of a mineral more reliable than color
Streak ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Luster ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Main Physical Properties  Used to Identify Minerals Luster how light reflects off a mineral metallic non-metallic looks like a  metal looks earthy, waxy,  greasy or brilliant
Hardness The Main Physical Properties  Used to Identify Minerals resistance to being scratched It is NOT the same as breaking! For example:  You can break glass easily with steel. However, steel will not scratch glass.
Hardness The Main Physical Properties  Used to Identify Minerals ,[object Object],For example:  Diamonds are hardest mineral, but if you drop an unmounted diamond on a tile floor it will break
MOH’S SCALE OF HARDNESS Diamond 10 (hardest) Apatit 5 Corundum 9 Flvorite 4 Topaz 8 Calcite 3 Quartz 7 Gypsum 2 Orthoclase 6 Talc 1 (softest) Mineral Hardness Mineral Hardness
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Density ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cleavage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Examples of Cleavage
Examples of Cleavage
Examples of Cleavage
Examples of Cleavage
Examples of Cleavage
Examples of Cleavage
Examples of Cleavage
Fracture The Main Physical Properties  Used to Identify Minerals the mineral breaks randomly
One Mineral,  Many Colors
Different Minerals Same Color
Crystal Structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Other Mineral Properties ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What two elements, by mass, make up the greatest percentage of the Earth’s crust? ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]

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