1. Session I
Cloud Computing: Introduction & Overview
Aditya Thatte
IBM Research
IBM Research | Cloud Center of Excellence 1

2. Objectives
• Evolution of Computing (How we got here?)
• What is Cloud Computing?
• Why Cloud Computing?
• Virtualization
• Cloud Computing Postulates & Building Blocks
• Cloud Delivery Models
• Public Cloud Demo
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3. Evolution of Computing
ENTERPRISE 1.0 ENTERPRISE 2.0 ENTERPRISE 3.0
Centralized Self service,
Shared
mobile, event
model model driven model
Mainframes
Time
“Necessity breeds Innovation”
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4. The need of the hour
Cost Agility
Time Time
• Drop in hardware costs
• Data Explosion
• Business Agility
• Mobility
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5. Business Drivers for Cloud Computing
• “For every $ spent on hardware, 8 $ are spent on maintenance and 0.5 $
spent on its cooling” – [IDC, 2007]
• Purchasing hardware and maintenance. A typical server runs at 425W.
• Traditional methods created Server sprawl resulting in inefficient
management and associated costs (power, labor)
• Business agility is growing and time to live of data is becoming smaller
• Ability to scale with ease
IBM Research | Cloud Center of Excellence 5

6. History of Virtualization
• Pioneered by IBM to ‘partition’ mainframes for better h/w utilization in 60s
• Enabled multitasking in the real sense
• Virtualization resurfaced in ‘90s after VMware enabled x86 servers for
virtualization
• An Industry research statistic quotes that servers run at only ~10-15% utilization
Low % Util Low costs Server Sprawl CAPex, OPex
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7. Virtualization
• Interoperability
• Abstraction / decoupling of physical hardware resources (Virtual Machine Kernel)
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8. • Mapping ‘virtual’ resources to ‘physical’ resources (Hypervisor)
• Dynamic Data Center
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9. Server Consolidation
[Costs]
Server Sprawl (heterogeneous)
Efficient IT Datacenter Management
Availability and Scalability of resources
IT Resource Optimization (CAPEX, OPEX)
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10. Virtualization - Terms
Hosted Hypervised Full Para
Hypervisor
Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization
Server Storage Network Desktop
Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization P2V / V2V
Virtualization
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11. Virtualization - PoVs
1. Create request
2. Submit request
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12. Virtualization – End User PoV
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13. Virtualization – Admin Perspective
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14. Defining Cloud Computing
• “A style of computing in which scalable and elastic IT-enabled capabilities
are delivered as a service using Internet technologies” –
• “Cloud computing is the use of computing resources (hardware and
software) that are delivered as a service over a network” –
• “A pay per use model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand
network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources
(e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be
rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or
service provider interaction” – NIST
• “Clouds are hardware based services offering compute, network and
storage capacity where: Hardware management is highly abstracted from
the buyer, buyers incur infrastructure costs as variable OPEX and
infrastructure capacity is highly elastic - McKinsey
IBM Research | Cloud Center of Excellence 14

15. Cloud Computing Postulates
• Pay-per-use / Pay-as-you-go (utility based, no contracts)
• Self service model
• Elasticity (scale up, scale out)
• Multi-tenancy
• Resource / infrastructure abstraction (on-premise / remote)
• Rapid deployment, easy management
• Automation & re-usability
• No CAPEX, variable OPEX
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16. Cloud Management Layer
WEB 2.0 USER INTERFACE
REST API
Provisioning
Service Provisioning Workflows
Service Request Engine Server
Automation
Manager Network
Templates
Storage
Application
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17. Cloud Computing Building Blocks
Virtualization Network Storage Web Services
Virtual Virtual
Hypervisor Virtual NICs DAS NAS SAN SOAP-XML REST
Machines Switch
CPU Memory VLAN VPN ISCSi NFS Fiber
Virtualization + Service Automation + Standardization + Self Service
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18. Commonly Used Cloud Computing Terms
• VM Provisioning
• Elasticity
• Pay-as-you-go (PAYG)
• Hypervisor
• Hypercall
• Nested Virtualization
• Image Management
• Public Cloud
• Private Cloud
• Hybrid Cloud
• Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)
• Cloud Broker
• EC2
• SalesForce
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19. Cloud Delivery Models
SaaS
PaaS
IaaS
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20. Delivery models
IaaS PaaS SaaS
Infrastructure-as-a-Service Platform-as-a-Service Software-as-a-Service
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21. Public-Private-Hybrid
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22. Players
Public Private Hybrid
22
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23. The Cloud Ecosystem
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24. IBM Cloud Delivery Models
IBM Smart Business Services – Private Cloud
IBM Smart Business Services - Standardized Services on the IBM Cloud
Services, behind your firewall
Private Cloud Shared Private Cloud Public Cloud
Private Managed Private Hosted
Customer/IBM owned and IBM owned and IBM owned and
Enterprise owned and Enterprise owned IBM IBM operated (single operated operated
1 operated 2 operated 3 tenant) 4 (multi-tenant) 5 (multi-tenant)
Enterprise Enterprise Enterprise Enterprise A
User User User
Data Center Data Center
Enterprise B A B C
Managed
Private Enterprise C User User
Private
Cloud D …
Cloud
IBM Operated
Hosted Shared
Private Cloud Public Cloud
Private Cloud
Hosting Center Cloud Cloud
Cloud Services
Cloud Services delivered publicly to
delivered privately to end users / secure,
Enterprises / virtual enterprise-class
separation of tenants
Customer owns and pays for infrastructure IBM owns infrastructure and customer has
and has unlimited exclusive access
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24 IBM Confidential

25. Smart Cloud Enterprise
• IBM’s Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
• Enterprise grade public cloud
• 6 Data centers worldwide
• Pre-configured Software Images (Bundles)
• PAYG / BYOL
• KVM based Virtual Machines
• NAS based persistent storage
• SCE provides managed services at the hardware and below the hypervisor
• API support
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26. Private Cloud Solutions – IBM’s Mandate
WEB 2.0 USER INTERFACE
REST API
Provisioning
Service Provisioning Workflows
Service Request Engine Server
Automation
Manager Network
Templates
Storage
Application
KVM Xen
HyperV ESX
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27. Thank You
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