Leadership

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Leadership
• Leadership
The process of influencing a group
towards the achievement of goals.
• Leader
Someone who can influence others and
who has managerial authority.

Six Traits Associated With
Leadership
• Drive. Leaders exhibit a high effort level.
They have a relatively high desire for
achievement, they are ambitious, they
have a lot of energy, and they show
initiative.
• Desired to Lead. Leaders have a strong
desire to influence and lead others. They
demonstrate the willingness to take
responsibility.

Six Traits Associated With
Leadership
• Honesty and Integrity. Leaders build
trusting relationship between themselves
and followers by being truthful and by
showing high consistency between word
and deed.
• Self-Confidence. Followers look a
leaders for an absence of self doubt.
Leaders, therefore, need to show self
confidence in order to convince followers
of their rightness of goals and decisions.

Six Traits Associated With
Leadership
• Intelligence. Leaders need to be intelligent
enough to gather, synthesize, and interpret large
amounts of information, and they need to be
able to create visions, solve problems, and make
correct decisions.
• Job-Relevant-Knowledge. Effective leaders
have a high degree of knowledge about the
company, industry, and technical matters. In
depth knowledge allows leaders to make well-
informed decisions and to understand the
implications of those decisions.

Leadership Styles
• Autocratic Style
– A leader who tended to centralize authority,
dictate work methods, make unilateral
decisions, and limit employee participation.
• Democratic Style
– A leader who tended to involve employees in
decision making, delegate authority,
encourage participation in deciding work
methods and goals, and use feedback as an
opportunity for coaching employees.

Leadership Styles
• Laissez-faire Style
– A leader who generally
gave the group complete
freedom to make
decisions and complete
the work in whatever way
it saw fit.

Behavioral Dimension
• Initiating Structure
– The extent to which a leader was likely to define and
structure his or her role and the roles of group
members in the search for goal attainment.
• Consideration
– The extent to which a leader had job relationships
characterized by mutual trust and respect for group
members’ ideas and feelings.
• High-High Leader
– A leader high in both initiating structure and
consideration behaviors.

Contingency Theories of
Leadership
• The Fiedler Model
– A leadership theory that proposed that
effective group performance depended on the
proper match between a leader’s style of
interacting with his or her followers and the
degree to which the situation allowed the
leader to control and influence.
• Situational Leadership Theory
– A leadership contingency theory that focuses
on follower’s readiness.

The Fiedler Model
• The key situational factors for determining
leader effectiveness:
– Leader member relations: one of Fiedler’s
situational contingencies that described the
degree of confidence, trust, and respect
employees had for their leader.
– Task Structure: one of Fiedler’s situational
contingencies that described the degree to
which job assignment were formalized and
procedures.

The Fiedler Model
– Position Power: One of Fiedler’s
situational contingencies that
described the degree of influence a
leader had over power-based
activities such as hiring, firing,
discipline, promotions, and salary
increase.

Situational Leadership Theory
• The key situational factors for determining
leader effectiveness:
– Telling (high task – low relationship): The
leader defines roles and tells people what,
how, when, and where to do various tasks.
– Selling (high task – high relationship): The
leader provides both directive and supportive
behavior.

Situational Leadership Theory
• The key situational factors for determining
leader effectiveness:
– Participating (low task – high relationship):
The leader and follower share in decision
making; the main role of the leader is
facilitating and communicating.
– Delegating (low task – low relationship): The
leader provides little direction or support.