1) ADHD is a neurobiological disorder that affects children and leads to symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. 2) These symptoms are present in everyone but are more predominant in individuals with ADHD. 3) Left untreated, ADHD can have negative impacts such as higher rates of smoking, substance abuse, antisocial tendencies, and an economic burden of over $30 billion in the United States each year.

1. ADHD Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder Facts and Figures

2. ADHD is a neurobiological disorder affecting children and leads to inattention , impulsivity and hyperactivity

3. These Symptoms are present in everybody but in varying severity ADHD

5. These symptoms are predominant among individuals with ADHD

6. Symptoms of inattention Often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities Often doesn’t listen when spoken to directly Often forgetful in daily activities Quickly loses interest ADHD

7. Symptoms of hyperactivity Often runs about or climbs excessively in inappropriate places Difficulty engaging in leisure activities quietly Talks excessively Often fidgets with hands and feet or squirms in seats ADHD

8. Symptoms of impulsivity Can’t wait or delay his/her task Hard time in waiting for his/her turn Difficulty in repressing what they have to say Fearless because doesn’t think or worry about consequences Difficulty in raising hand and waiting to be called on Attracted to high risk behavior Answers without thinking ADHD

9. Secondary Symptoms Low self-esteem Poor social skills Poor organizational skills Needs instant gratification Easily over stimulated ADHD

10. Heredity This is the most common cause - 80% of cases Acquired Neurological Deficit injury to the developing brain during pregnancy, delivery or postnatal Probable causes of ADHD

11. Prevalence United States 2- 18% Latest Study 8%

13. Worldwide Prevalence India 5.2 – 29% China 6.1 – 8.9% New Zealand 6.7% Australia 7.5 – 8.8% Canada 1.1 – 8.9 % Brazil 5.8% Holland 1.8 – 3.8% Germany 4.2%

14. Prevalence in Saudi Arabia KKUH Riyadh 12.6% Elementary Schools Dammam 16.7%

15. Conducted on 1278 pupils in 77 elementary schools Prevalence: 7.1% Date: 1999 ADDES rating scale Egypt public health 2008 (3-4): 165- 82 Bahrain Medical Bulletin vol 30, No2, Jan 2008 Dr Jamal Al Hamed’s Eastern Region study Elementary School Students Dammam 7.1%

16. 199 Children (82% Saudi) Prevalence: 22% Date: 1993 DSM III Scale Saudi Med J 1996: 17 (1): 36- 41 Study conducted in King Khalid University Hospital KKUH Study Riyadh 6.1%

17. Prevalence in Arab States

18. For a correct diagnosis all the following conditions must be met

19. There is no quick fix or cure for ADHD However a multimodal approach of medical, psycho-social, and educational interventions has the greatest effectiveness in treatment of ADHD symptoms Treatment

22. Negative Impact

23. 17.4 15.5 ADHD and Smoking Age Source : McClernon, Kollins 2008

24. 75% 27% Source : McClernon, Kollins 2008 ADHD and Smoking Smoking before age 16

25. Source : Barkley, ADHD Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment Illicit Substance Abuse

26. Source : Barkley, ADHD Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment Antisocial Tendencies

27. Economic Burden

28. comparison subjects patients Source : ADDERS.org Number of Medical Claims

29. Work loss cost, adults & family members $U.S. 3.7 billion Healthcare of family members $U.S. 14.2 billion Patient’s healthcare costs $U.S. 12.1 billion ADHD Treatment $U.S. 1.6 billion Total: $31.6 billion Source : Birnbaum, et al. 2005. Excess Cost of ADHD

30. In billions of U.S. dollars drugs 58 ADHD 77 Annual Cost

31. Expenditure (direct cost) Payment (direct + indirect cost) Source : Swensen, et al. 2003. Increased Cost for Patients and Families

32. Low Cost of Treatment $U.S. per employment costs

33. Famous people with ADHD

34. Walt Disney

35. Agatha Christie

36. Michael Phelps

37. Albert Einstein