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Seed crop stategies
- 1. FIELD LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS F O R V E G E T A B L E S E E D P R O D UC T I O N
- 2. SEED CROPS ONLY SEED CROPS & CROPS FOR MARKET? • Layout your field crops then follow this method in spaces left • Create a designated seed garden
- 3. OPEN POLLINATED - HEIRLOOM French Charentais
- 4. OPEN POLLINATED – FARM SELECTED HEIRLOOMS OF THE FUTURE Dave Christensen’s Painted Mountain corn Frank Morton’s lettuces
- 5. SEED CROP CLIMATES • Cool season, Dry seeded crops • Table beets, chard, spinach, many mustards, siberian kale, rutabaga, parsnips and cilantro • Warm season, Dry seeded crops • Radish, most kales, collards, cabbage, lettuce, peas and fava beans • Hot season, Dry seeded crops • Garden beans, dry beans, lima beans, edamame, carrots, onions and sweet corn • Hot season, Wet Seeded crops • Summer and winter squash, cucumbers, melons, watermelons, tomatoes, peppers and eggplants.
- 6. WISH LIST Excel • 1 Hot pepper • 1 Sweet pepper • 1 Winter squash • 1 Summer squash • 1 Pumpkin • 2 tomatoes Little Bit Challenging • 2 Corn • 2 Peas • 4 Beans • 1 Carrot More Challenging • 2 Lettuce • 1 Beet • 1 Chard
- 7. FIELD LAYOUT ON BLANK SPREAD SHEET 10 feet ↑ ← 5 feet 110 feet long x 90 feet wide North Prevailing winds
- 8. KNOW YOUR CROP’S MATING SYSTEM Selfers • Aka inbreeders • Plant self fertilizes • Offspring very similar to parent as all genes come from one parent Crossers • Aka outbreeders • Plant fertilizes a different plant of same species • Offspring are genetically different than both parents
- 9. Strongly Inbreeding Strongly Outbreeding Very inbreeding – lettuce, pea, tomato (modern) endive Primarily inbreeding – tomato (heirloom& potato leaf), sweet pepper, lima bean, common bean Both inbreeding and outbreeding – hot pepper, runner bean Primarily outbreeding – squash, cilantro, carrot Very outbreeding – radish, beet, kale, watermelon, corn
- 10. WISH LIST crossers • Beet -VO • Chard - VO • Carrot - VO • Corn - VO • Sweet pepper - BIO • Winter squash - PO • Summer squash - PO • Pumpkin - PO selfers • Peas - VI • Lettuce - VI • Beans – PI, BIO • Tomatoes – VI, PI • Sweet pepper - PI • Hot pepper - BIO
- 11. KNOW YOUR PLANT’S LATIN NAME • Scientific name • Genus, specific epithet = species • Daucus carota Wild chicory, wild amaranth, wild lettuce, wild radish
- 12. WISH LIST BY SPECIES • Hot Pepper • Capsicum annuum • Capsicum baccatum • Capsicum frutescens • Capsicum pubescens • Sweet Pepper • Capsicum annuum • Carrot • Daucus carota • Winter Squash • Cucurbita pepo • Cucurbita maxima • Cucurbita moschata • Summer Squash • Cucurbita pepo • Tomato • Solanum lycopersicum • Solanum pimpinellifolium
- 13. SPECIES LIST • Common bean • Phaseolus vulgaris • Fava bean • Vicia faba • Lima bean • Phaseolus lunatus • Runner bean • Phaseolus coccineus • Corn • Zea mays • Beet • Beta vulgaris • Swiss chard • Beta vulgaris • Pea • Pisium sativum • Lettuce • Lactuca sativa
- 14. ISOLATION REQUIREMENTS Isolation is the practice of keeping your seed crop from coming into contact with the pollen of other plants of the same species in order to ensure minimal contamination of your seed crop’s genetics.
- 15. ISOLATION BY DISTANCE Selfers Crossers Beans Peas Lettuce Peppers Tomatoes Beets Corn Carrots Cucumbers Squash & Pumpkin
- 16. ISOLATION DISTANCES FOR SELFERS Seed Crop Min distance own use Min distance commercial Tomato, modern 10 ft 20 ft Tomato, potato leaf or heirloom 40 ft 160-320 ft Tomato, currant 160 ft 320-640 ft Pepper, sweet 160 ft 320-640 ft Pepper, hot 800 ft 0.3 – 0.6 mi Lettuce 10 ft 20 ft Pea 10 ft 20 ft Bean, common 10 ft 20 ft Bean, fava 800 ft 0.3 – 0.6 mi Bean, lima 40 ft 160-320 ft Bean, runner 800 ft 0.3 – 0.6 mi
- 17. Anther Tomato Flower Pistil MODERN or HEIRLOOM
- 18. CROSSERS – INSECT POLLINATED Crop Type Min distance own use Min distance commercial Broccoli 1600 ft 1-2 mi Cucumber 1600 ft 1-2 mi Okra 800 ft 0.3 – 0.6 mi Hot pepper 800 ft 0.3 – 0.6 mi Squash 1600 ft 1-2 miles
- 19. CROSSERS – WIND POLLINATED Crop Type Own Use Commercial Use Corn 1600 ft 1 – 2 mi Beet 3200 ft 1 – 3 mi Chard 1600 ft 1 – 2 mi Spinach 3200 ft 1 - 3 mi
- 20. WISH LIST crossers • Beet -VO • Chard - VO • Carrot - VO • Corn - VO • Sweet pepper - BIO • Winter squash - PO • Summer squash - PO • Pumpkin - PO selfers • Peas - VI • Lettuce - VI • Beans – PI, BIO • Tomatoes – VI, PI • Sweet pepper - PI • Hot pepper - BIO
- 21. BEANS - 4 common bean, Phaseolis vulgaris (bush)20' runner bean, Phaseolis coccineus, (pole)800' common bean, Phaseolis vulgaris (pole) 20' common bean, Phaseolis vulgaris (bush) 20' 10 feet ↑ 5 feet 110 feet long x 90 feet wide North
- 22. PEAS - 2 beans climbing pea 20' runner bean pole bean bush bean 10 feet ↑ 5 feet 110 feet long x 90 feet wide North
- 23. LETTUCE - 2 beans climbing pea lettuce 20' lettuce 20' runner bean pole bean bush bean 10 feet ↑ 5 feet 110 feet long x 90 feet wide North
- 24. TRELLISING • Trellis all peas regardless of height • Rebar cut to 4 foot lengths and chicken wire • T-posts and 6 feet of chicken wire for climbers • Trellis pole beans • T-bar, 8 foot lengths every 9 feet. • Run wire top and bottom and run strings between.
- 25. TRELLISING • Trellis all peas regardless of height • Rebar cut to 4 foot lengths and chicken wire • Trellis pole beans • T-bar, 8 foot lengths every 9 feet. • Run wire top and bottom and run strings between.
- 26. LETTUCE - 2 beans climbing pea lettuce 20' lettuce 20' runner bean pole bean bush bean 10 feet ↑ 5 feet 110 feet long x 90 feet wide North
- 27. TOMATOES - 2 beans tomato 20'- 640' (modern or known variety) climbing pea lettuce lettuce runner bean pole bean bush bean tomato 20'- 640' (modern or known variety) 10 feet ↑ 5 feet 110 feet long x 90 feet wide North
- 28. BEETS & CHARD • Beta vulgaris • Biennial • Year one plant • Year two seed • Opportunity • Plant roots • Sow seed
- 29. BEETS & CHARD bush bean chard, Beta vulgaris 1-2 miles, sow seed (year 1) tomato climbing pea lettuce lettuce runner bean pole bean bush bean year 2 beet tomato 10 feet ↑ 5 feet 110 feet long x 90 feet wide North
- 30. SQUASH - 1 WINTER, 1 SUMMER & PUMPKIN -1 • Cucurbita pepo • Acorn, crookneck, scallop, zucchini, spaghetti, many pumpkins, delicata, small striped and warted gourds • Cucurbita moschata • Butternut, black futsu, cheese, golden cushaw • Cucurbia maxima • Banana, buttercup, hubbard, turban and many giant pumpkins • Lagenaria siceraria • Hard shelled gourd
- 31. OTHER PLANTS TO WATCH OUT FOR • Cucurbita pepo
- 32. SQUASH & PUMPKIN bush bean winter squash 1-2 miles, Cucurbita moschata - Waltham Butternut year 1 chard tomato climbing pea lettuce lettuce runner bean pole bean pumpkin 1-2 miles, Cucurbita maxima - Dill's Atlantic Giant bush bean year 2 beet tomato summer squash 1-2 miles, Cucurbita pepo -Black Zucchini 10 feet ↑ 5 feet 110 feet long x 90 feet wide North
- 33. PEPPERS – 1 HOT, 1 SWEET • Hot Pepper (0.3 - 0.6 mile) • Capsicum annuum • Capsicum baccatum • Capsicum frutescens • Capsicum pubescens • Sweet Pepper (320-640’) • Capsicum annuum
- 34. PEPPERS bush bean hot pepper, Capsicum annuum in tunnel Cucurbita moschata - Waltham Butternut year 1 chard tomato climbing pea lettuce lettuce runner bean pole bean Cucurbita maxima - pumpkin bush bean year 2 beet tomato sweet pepper, Capsicum annuum, 160' Cucurbita pepo - Black Zucchini 10 feet ↑ 5 feet 110 feet long x 90 feet wide North
- 36. PHYSICAL BARRIERS - BAGGING Agribon
- 37. PHYSICAL BARRIERS CAGING & ALTERNATE DAY CAGING • Selfers • No insects needed • Crossers • Some need insects for pollination • Bees or flies (bluebottle) • Alternate day caging
- 38. PHYSICAL BARRIERS - TUNNELS Peppers under Protectnet • With Pollinators - crossers • Without Pollinators - selfers
- 46. CARROT -1 bush bean hot pepper, Capsicum annuum in tunnel Cucurbita moschata - Waltham Butternut year 1 chard tomato climbing pea lettuce lettuce runner bean pole bean carrot in tunnel with insect netting? Cucurbita maxima - pumpkin bush bean year 2 beet tomato sweet pepper, Capsicum annuum Cucurbita pepo - Black Zucchini 10 feet ↑ 5 feet 110 feet long x 90 feet wide North
- 47. CORN WISH LIST - 2 bush bean hot pepper Cucurbita moschata - Waltham Butternut year 1 chard tomato climbing pea lettuce lettuce runner bean pole bean corn - own use 1600 commercial 1-2 miles Cucurbita maxima - pumpkin bush bean year 2 beet tomato sweet pepper Cucurbita pepo - Black Zucchini 10 feet ↑ 5 feet 110 feet long x 90 feet wide North
- 48. ISOLATION - TIME • Crops flowering at different times. • Plant early and late varieties eg. corn • Set transplants out and then seed eg. Sunflowers • Start crop under tunnels to give advantage - carrots Earthwalker sunflower
- 49. CORNTAMINATION
- 51. POPULATION SIZE - SELFERS • Selfers adapted to self fertilization. Deleterious genes weeded out over many generations • Lower poulation #’s required • 10 – 20 plants VI (very inbreeding) • 40 plants BIO (both inbreeding & outbreeding) • # after rogueing
- 52. POPULATION SIZE - CROSSERS • Crossers suffer from inbreeding depression • Higher population numbers required • 80 plants most crossers • 200 plants onion, corn carrot • Exception cucurbits, 10-20 plants • # after rogueing
- 53. POPULATION SIZE bush bean (10 -20 plants) hot pepper (40 plants) Cucurbita moschata - Waltham Butternut (10-20 plants, 80 better) year 1 chard (80 plants) sow 200 tomato - 10 -20 plants climbing pea (10-20 plants) lettuce (10-20 plants) lettuce runner bean - 40 plants pole bean corn - (200 plants) Cucurbita maxima - pumpkin bush bean year 2 beet (80 plants) tomato sweet pepper (10 - 20plants) Cucurbita pepo - Black Zucchini (10 - 20 plants, 80 better) 10 feet ↑ 5 feet 110 feet long x 90 feet wide North
- 54. WISH LIST Excel • 1 Hot pepper • 1 Sweet pepper • 1 Winter squash • 1 Summer squash • 1 Pumpkin • 2 tomatoes Little Bit Challenging • 2 Corn – only 1 • 2 Peas – only 1 • 4 Beans • 1 Carrot -none More Challenging • 2 Lettuce • 1 Beet • 1 Chard
- 55. FIELD LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS • What is growing nearby • Wide row spacing • Rows in line with prevailing winds • Trellis/support many crops • Protection from fall rain • The use of mulch • Pollinator habitat • Refugia for beneficial insects