Localization 101: How to Avoid Being Left Behind in a Global Economy and Job Market Maxwell Hoffmann Manager Consulting & Training

About the Presenter Graphic Artist -> Typesetter -> DTP -> Localization Worked for variety of publishing solution vendors Former FrameMaker product marketing mgr 10 years in Localized publishing, production, and consulting: large scale projects in up to 22 languages Trained over 1,000 people in past 25 years on variety of publishing solutions Worked mostly with content creators and tech writers

Graphic Artist -> Typesetter -> DTP -> Localization

Worked for variety of publishing solution vendors

Former FrameMaker product marketing mgr

10 years in Localized publishing, production, and consulting: large scale projects in up to 22 languages

Trained over 1,000 people in past 25 years on variety of publishing solutions

Worked mostly with content creators and tech writers

Some definitions Locale: “Combination of language, cultural preferences, character set, and other information that describes a particular target market or audience.” Localization (L10N): “Process of adapting a product for a particular locale. Usually comes after internationalization in the shape of a package of services. ” Globalization (G11N): “Combination of internationalization and localization, as well as implementation of a global strategy from early product development through localization .” Internationalization (I18N): “Process of creating (or re-engineering) a system to support multiple locales with a single set of source code. Usually a pre-requisite for successful localization.”

Locale: “Combination of language, cultural preferences, character set, and other information that describes a particular target market or audience.”

Localization (L10N): “Process of adapting a product for a particular locale. Usually comes after internationalization in the shape of a package of services. ”

Globalization (G11N): “Combination of internationalization and localization, as well as implementation of a global strategy from early product development through localization .”

Internationalization (I18N): “Process of creating (or re-engineering) a system to support multiple locales with a single set of source code. Usually a pre-requisite for successful localization.”

Some more definitions Translation: “Process of translating, editing and proofing text .” Translation Memory (TM): “a type of database that is used in software programs designed to aid human translators. Translation memories are typically used in conjunction with a dedicated computer assisted translation (CAT) tool, word processing program, terminology management systems, multilingual dictionary, or even raw machine translation output.” Computer Assisted Translation (CAT): “ a form of translation wherein a human translator translates texts using computer software designed to support and facilitate the translation process.”

Translation: “Process of translating, editing and proofing text .”

Translation Memory (TM): “a type of database that is used in software programs designed to aid human translators. Translation memories are typically used in conjunction with a dedicated computer assisted translation (CAT) tool, word processing program, terminology management systems, multilingual dictionary, or even raw machine translation output.”

Computer Assisted Translation (CAT): “ a form of translation wherein a human translator translates texts using computer software designed to support and facilitate the translation process.”

Some more definitions Machine Translation (MT): “performs simple substitution of words in one natural language for words in another. Using corpus techniques, more complex translations may be attempted, allowing for better handling of differences in linguistic typology, phrase recognition, and translation of idioms, as well as the isolation of anomalies.” Glossary: “ agreed upon definitions of key words, phrases, product names. Can be in English only (source) or in target languages as well. Glossaries help linguists to avoid ambiguous or alternate translations.”

Machine Translation (MT): “performs simple substitution of words in one natural language for words in another. Using corpus techniques, more complex translations may be attempted, allowing for better handling of differences in linguistic typology, phrase recognition, and translation of idioms, as well as the isolation of anomalies.”

Glossary: “ agreed upon definitions of key words, phrases, product names. Can be in English only (source) or in target languages as well. Glossaries help linguists to avoid ambiguous or alternate translations.”

Some more definitions Controlled English (CE): “a controlled language originally developed for aerospace industry maintenance manuals. It offers a carefully limited and standardized subset of English. ” Proponents claim that Simplified English can: Reduce ambiguity Facilitate second language acquisition Improve comprehension for people whose first language is not English Make human translation cheaper and easier Facilitate computer-assisted translation and machine translation

Controlled English (CE): “a controlled language originally developed for aerospace industry maintenance manuals. It offers a carefully limited and standardized subset of English. ”

Proponents claim that Simplified English can:

Reduce ambiguity

Facilitate second language acquisition

Improve comprehension for people whose first language is not English

Make human translation cheaper and easier

Facilitate computer-assisted translation and machine translation

Globalization and You You are Here

Globalization: a confluence of events End of the Cold War Capitalism reaches Eastern Europe Chinese economy thaws to the West European Union (economy and language requirements.) GATT and WTO (General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs and World Trade Org.) NAFTA (Canada/USA/Mexico trade) and immigration Growth of Internet and “dot.com” boom Y2K and growth of India/off-shoring

End of the Cold War

Capitalism reaches Eastern Europe

Chinese economy thaws to the West

European Union (economy and language requirements.)

GATT and WTO (General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs and World Trade Org.)

NAFTA (Canada/USA/Mexico trade) and immigration

Growth of Internet and “dot.com” boom

Y2K and growth of India/off-shoring

Globalization: end of the Cold War Autumn 1989 Fall of Berlin Wall Tiananmen Square stand off, Beijing End of Soviet Union by 1991 End of the “Cold War” Huge new market opens that was “out of sight, out of mind” for 77 years China liberalizes economic policies, huge market opens

Autumn 1989

Fall of Berlin Wall

Tiananmen Square stand off, Beijing

End of Soviet Union by 1991

End of the “Cold War”

Huge new market opens that was “out of sight, out of mind” for 77 years

China liberalizes economic policies, huge market opens

Former Soviet Republics become viable markets Now becoming common languages for Localization/Translation Significant “Soviet Satellite” Languages: Hungarian Polish Czech

Now becoming common languages for Localization/Translation

Significant “Soviet Satellite” Languages:

Hungarian

Polish

Czech

Mobility of Manufacturing and Services General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (typically abbreviated GATT ) Uruguay Round from 1986 to 1994, extended the agreement fully to new areas such as intellectual property, services, capital, and agriculture. Out of this round the WTO (World Trade Org) was born. Manufacturing (and Services) have moved offshore; more documentation not in English

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (typically abbreviated GATT )

Uruguay Round from 1986 to 1994, extended the agreement fully to new areas such as intellectual property, services, capital, and agriculture.

Out of this round the WTO (World Trade Org) was born.

Manufacturing (and Services) have moved offshore; more documentation not in English

Recommended Reading When USA firms had to prep for Y2K, few programmers available for “old” programs Turned to East Indian firms Work was fast, good Broadband became common, jobs went off shore Software and services become portable; national boundaries are porous

When USA firms had to prep for Y2K, few programmers available for “old” programs

Turned to East Indian firms

Work was fast, good

Broadband became common, jobs went off shore

Software and services become portable; national boundaries are porous

Transformation of China Fourth largest economy Manufactures half the world’s motorcycles Some predict will be No. 1 economy by 2050 Read “A Year Without Made in China” to see impact on consumer goods in USA Manufacturing supply chains are now permanently multinational and multilingual Impact on manufacturing instructions English source content translation can affect paint with or with lead content

Fourth largest economy

Manufactures half the world’s motorcycles

Some predict will be No. 1 economy by 2050

Read “A Year Without Made in China” to see impact on consumer goods in USA

Manufacturing supply chains are now permanently multinational and multilingual

Impact on manufacturing instructions

English source content translation can affect paint with or with lead content

European Union Formally established 1993 Currency (Euro) strengthens against Dollar ? ? ?

Formally established 1993

Currency (Euro) strengthens against Dollar

How does the EU affects me? The EU has 23 official and working languages: Bulgarian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Irish, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish and Swedish. Medical devices and drugs require multilingual labels

The EU has 23 official and working languages:

Bulgarian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Irish, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish and Swedish.

Medical devices and drugs require multilingual labels

Internet commerce eliminates boundaries English speakers now a minority on WWW Developing countries using cell phones for internet more Rental kiosks making Internet shopping available to villages in India Shoppers with limited English twice as likely to buy when WWW site is their own language Hispanic (Latin America Spanish) is fastest emerging market domestically

English speakers now a minority on WWW

Developing countries using cell phones for internet more

Rental kiosks making Internet shopping available to villages in India

Shoppers with limited English twice as likely to buy when WWW site is their own language

Hispanic (Latin America Spanish) is fastest emerging market domestically

The world has changed, but we haven’t Virtually all USA managers grew up during the Cold War Internet commerce is recent ; global impact not obvious to everyone We (USA) live (almost) in entirely in an English-only environment We (USA) have a fairly homogenous popular culture Translation and Localization is still an afterthought for many enterprises

Virtually all USA managers grew up during the Cold War

Internet commerce is recent ; global impact not obvious to everyone

We (USA) live (almost) in entirely in an English-only environment

We (USA) have a fairly homogenous popular culture

Translation and Localization is still an afterthought for many enterprises

Change in the last 7 years In 2000, the three biggest countries by GDP were the U.S., Japan, and Germany. The next four were France , Italy, the U.K., and China. Seven years later China made it to the fourth slot. Source: “On the Web, Some Countries Matter More than Others” by Common Sense Advisory

In 2000, the three biggest countries by GDP were the U.S., Japan, and Germany.

The next four were France , Italy, the U.K., and China.

Seven years later China made it to the fourth slot.

Balance of Language/Financial Power is shifting Top 10 economies in 2007 Source: “On the Web, Some Countries Matter More than Others” by Common Sense Advisory

Top 10 economies in 2007

Balance of Language/Financial Power is shifting - cont Probable top 10 economies in 2050

Probable top 10 economies in 2050

Quiz: Which languages give you 76% of On-Line Access Population? Question: name the 10 languages, in correct order: English French Italian German Spanish Japanese Chinese-Simplified Korean Russian Swedish Portuguese Chinese-Traditional ANSWER English Chinese-Simplified Japanese Spanish German Portuguese French Korean Italian Russian Source: “On the Web, Some Countries Matter More than Others” by Common Sense Advisory

Question: name the 10 languages, in correct order:

English

French

Italian

German

Spanish

Japanese

Chinese-Simplified

Korean

Russian

Swedish

Portuguese

Chinese-Traditional

ANSWER

English

Chinese-Simplified

Japanese

Spanish

German

Portuguese

French

Korean

Italian

Russian

Quiz: How do you reach 88% of the most economically active users? Question: which 5 languages do you add to English to reach 88% of “spending” Internet users? Chinese-Simplified Japanese Spanish German Portuguese French Korean Italian Russian ANSWER Japanese German Spanish (incl. USA) French Italian “ FIGS-J” Source: “On the Web, Some Countries Matter More than Others” by Common Sense Advisory

Question: which 5 languages do you add to English to reach 88% of “spending” Internet users?

Chinese-Simplified

Japanese

Spanish

German

Portuguese

French

Korean

Italian

Russian

ANSWER

Japanese

German

Spanish (incl. USA)

French

Italian

“ FIGS-J”

Your global markets will be tempered by sales opportunities Chinese-Simplified Czech Danish Dutch Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hungarian Italian Japanese Latvian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Russian Slovak Slovenian Spanish Swedish. Languages in a recent proposal for a medical device company (Doc and Help):

Chinese-Simplified

Czech

Danish

Dutch

Estonian

Finnish

French

German

Greek

Hungarian

Italian

Japanese

Latvian

Lithuanian

Norwegian

Polish

Portuguese

Russian

Slovak

Slovenian

Spanish

Swedish.

Agenda How you influence cost of Localization/Globalization Future career opportunities Overview of Localization Process Common Challenges to Localization

How you influence cost of Localization/Globalization

Future career opportunities

Overview of Localization Process

Common Challenges to Localization

Agenda - cont. Primary areas of Interest Content creation: Controlled or simplified English Glossaries and Terminology Managing Translation Memories Text formatting and page layout Graphics issues Guidelines for selecting a Localization vendor

Primary areas of Interest

Content creation:

Controlled or simplified English

Glossaries and Terminology

Managing Translation Memories

Text formatting and page layout

Graphics issues

Guidelines for selecting a Localization vendor

INTRO: How You influence L10N costs

Your areas of Influence Text (content) structure Controlled or Simplified English Consistent wording to leverage previous translations Terminology (glossaries) agreed upon definitions Page Layout and template design Text expansion in target languages Text formatting issues File management , directory structure and internal communications Source: “On the Web, Some Countries Matter More than Others” by Common Sense Advisory

Text (content) structure

Controlled or Simplified English

Consistent wording to leverage previous translations

Terminology (glossaries) agreed upon definitions

Page Layout and template design

Text expansion in target languages

Text formatting issues

File management , directory structure and internal communications

Overview of the L10N process

Localization Processes L10N Equilibrium Establishing Expectations Standard Processes

L10N Equilibrium

Establishing Expectations

Standard Processes

Quality, Cost, Turnaround An equilibrium of three opposing forces Time Cost Quality

An equilibrium of three opposing forces

Understanding Roles (You) Fundamentally you (customer) are responsible for: Planning for localization early Identifying internal contact(s) Clearly identifying the scope of work Format of the source material Estimated word counts Target markets/languages Establishing priorities in timeline, cost and quality

Fundamentally you (customer) are responsible for:

Planning for localization early

Identifying internal contact(s)

Clearly identifying the scope of work

Format of the source material

Estimated word counts

Target markets/languages

Establishing priorities in timeline, cost and quality

Understanding Roles (L10N vendor) Your LSP (Language Service Provider) should: Help you to set realistic expectations Generate strong understanding of project scope Provide accurate analyses Estimated resources needed Project timeline Communicate consistently Have an early warning system for unexpected problems

Your LSP (Language Service Provider) should:

Help you to set realistic expectations

Generate strong understanding of project scope

Provide accurate analyses

Estimated resources needed

Project timeline

Communicate consistently

Have an early warning system for unexpected problems

Understanding Roles (Handoffs) Common pitfalls and fixes Lack of planning Become educated Terminology debates Establish expectations with in-country representatives Determine guidelines for glossaries Glossaries will belong to you and can be used by multiple vendors Conflicting priorities Balance timeline , cost, and quality

Common pitfalls and fixes

Lack of planning

Become educated

Terminology debates

Establish expectations with in-country representatives

Determine guidelines for glossaries

Glossaries will belong to you and can be used by multiple vendors

Conflicting priorities

Balance timeline , cost, and quality

Defining the Project Project scope Format of the source material Estimated word counts Target markets/languages Identifying “hidden” costs Change orders Rush charges Project analysis and planning Project timeline and milestones

Project scope

Format of the source material

Estimated word counts

Target markets/languages

Identifying “hidden” costs

Change orders

Rush charges

Project analysis and planning

Project timeline and milestones

Typical Project Timeline

Project Life Cycle

Understanding the L10N Process 0.1K to 100K 10K to 500K 10K to 500K Typical sizes Compiled application (online) Compiled files (online) On PDF Proofreading Engineering, QA, linguists Engineering, Graphic design, QA, linguists Engineering, DTP, QA, linguists Team Resource files, string tables Source Web or Help, graphics Layout files, graphics Source Software Online Doc Doc

Project Tracking and Communication Project schedule & milestones

Project schedule & milestones

Project Tracking and Communication Communication Handoff from LSP vendor to you Status reports from LSP Milestone deliverables Feedback (post-mortem) Change management It happens Send scope change Expect impact on timeline, quality, or cost

Communication

Handoff from LSP vendor to you

Status reports from LSP

Milestone deliverables

Feedback (post-mortem)

Change management

It happens

Send scope change

Expect impact on timeline, quality, or cost

Documentation L10N Process Desktop Publishing Translation Pre-Process Translate Post-Process Import Screens Localize Graphics Grab Screens Engineering Translation Format 1 and Print Edit Format 2 and Format Proof Final Proof Final QA and Review

Software L10N Process Set up Replicate Server Train Analyze Build Glossary Pre- Process Translate Edit Post-Process Build Site Format QA Verify Final QA Review Engineering Translation

Web Site L10N Process Set up Replicate Server Train Analyze Build Glossary Pre- Process Translate Edit Post-Process Build Site Format QA Verify Final QA Review Engineering Translation

Online Help L10N Process Pre- Process Engineering Translation Translate Edit Post- Process Compile Format QA Proof Final QA and Review Verify

A Visual Representation Documentation Software Online Help Install,Setup,Analyze,Prep Setup,Analyze,Pre-Process Setup,Analyze,Pre-Process Glossary Glossary Glossary Translate Edit Translate Translate Merge, Build Resize Verify Edit Edit QA Screengrabs Format Post-process, Compile,Format Ship Proof QA Print/Ship Proof Verify QA Ship

Creating and Reusing Content

Translation Memory (TM) This is a database of all of your previously translated content. Content is segmented, usually on the sentence (not paragraph) level. CAT tools for the linguist will suggest text with 100% or “fuzzy” matches when it can be found in TM Translation Memory belongs to you; you paid for it!

This is a database of all of your previously translated content.

Content is segmented, usually on the sentence (not paragraph) level.

CAT tools for the linguist will suggest text with 100% or “fuzzy” matches when it can be found in TM

Translation Memory belongs to you; you paid for it!

Working with Translation Memory Linguist’s view with no Translation Memory (previously translated files)

Linguist’s view with no Translation Memory (previously translated files)

Linguist typed in this text

100% Match from Translation Memory Linguist’s view when 100% of a text segment matches. There is no charge for such text if it is not “reviewed” or “proofed.” Minimal charges if text is proofed/reviewed in context

Linguist’s view when 100% of a text segment matches. There is no charge for such text if it is not “reviewed” or “proofed.”

Minimal charges if text is proofed/reviewed in context

Fuzzy match from TM Linguist view In this case, all text matches, except for one word. Operator error can prevent text from matching that should: Extra spaces between words Hard returns to make text break “cosmetically”

Linguist view

In this case, all text matches, except for one word.

Operator error can prevent text from matching that should:

Extra spaces between words

Hard returns to make text break “cosmetically”

One word difference is highlighted here

Brief Overview of Controlled English Controlled English is appropriate for some applications: Manufacturing Software manuals with repetitive steps Most simple tech doc with many actions or steps Controlled English is not appropriate for: Marketing literature Content that must persuade the reader through “personality” <slides>

Controlled English is appropriate for some applications:

Manufacturing

Software manuals with repetitive steps

Most simple tech doc with many actions or steps

Controlled English is not appropriate for:

Marketing literature

Content that must persuade the reader through “personality” <slides>

Glossaries and Terminology

Glossaries, a critical asset Glossaries are your “corporate culture”, agreed upon definitions for key words and phrases Must be created in English first You (the customer) must decide what goes in Machine translation tools can only be of limited use in starting a “huge” glossary Glossary, translated into target languages, put linguists “on the same page” tone and style wise.

Glossaries are your “corporate culture”, agreed upon definitions for key words and phrases

Must be created in English first

You (the customer) must decide what goes in

Machine translation tools can only be of limited use in starting a “huge” glossary

Glossary, translated into target languages, put linguists “on the same page” tone and style wise.

Sample Glossary

Challenges to Localization A sign in a Swiss hotel: Because of the impropriety of entertaining guests of the opposite sex in the bedroom, it is suggested that the lobby be used for this purpose.

Formality Japanese 拝啓 時下ますますご清祥のこととお慶び申し上げます。平素は、格別のご高配を賜りまして、厚くお礼申し上げます。 English Greetings, we are glad to hear that things are going well for you. I would like to express my appreciation for your loyal patronage.

Japanese

拝啓 時下ますますご清祥のこととお慶び申し上げます。平素は、格別のご高配を賜りまして、厚くお礼申し上げます。

English

Greetings, we are glad to hear that things are going well for you. I would like to express my appreciation for your loyal patronage.

Foreign Text Issues Text expands when localized

Cultural Issues Lotus 1-2-3 was released in Japan without the ability to create radar charts—a common way to represent data graphically in Japan.

Cultural Issues--continued Numerics Calendars, dates & time Addresses and contact info Names Currency Sorting

Numerics

Calendars, dates & time

Addresses and contact info

Names

Currency

Sorting

Linguistic Issues Word order changes in localized files.

Graphics Issues Marijuana Death Scary Alien Bird Sanctuary or Slippery Road Xmas Tree or Candle Better Fiber Visual Plant of Some sort

This Couldn’t Possibly Have a Negative Meaning Issues Perceived Existing Interpretation Unexpected Answer None Cyclone, hypnotism, voodoo, mental problems, dizziness, danger None Danger, cyclones, Bad storms / omens None Planned Use Calories Calories Sugar Female genitalia / fertility symbol, gambling, road hazard

Graphics So Obvious There Couldn’t Possibly Be an Issue Intended Interpretation Unexpected Answer Iron Heavy Calcium Dog Food

Doc structure affects L10N costs

Goal: minimize Doc reassembly CAT tools initially designed for simple file structure with sparse formatting Character level formatting can be compromised Considerable manual editing may be required to make formatting match English original

CAT tools initially designed for simple file structure with sparse formatting

Character level formatting can be compromised

Considerable manual editing may be required to make formatting match English original

Challenges with Graphics: Embedded graphics cost more in disc space and upload/download time Graphics that are “stapled” to page (float), not anchored, will disappear

Embedded captions, more $$$

Keyed captions, less $$$

Text dependent Artwork = a major “No - No” Product name supposed to fit w/in blue artwork Have to manually resize all instances of such artwork Word order can change in language (e.g “Interna” should be w/in the blue artwork) BEFORE: AFTER:

Product name supposed to fit w/in blue artwork

Have to manually resize all instances of such artwork

Word order can change in language (e.g “Interna” should be w/in the blue artwork)

How “Text/Art” can add $$$ 77 instances of artwork dependent on text x 5 minutes edit/fix/proof x 6 languages =========== = 38.5 extra billable hours

77 instances of artwork dependent on text

x 5 minutes edit/fix/proof

x 6 languages

===========

= 38.5 extra billable hours

English version lacks “expansion” depth 33% No expansion room No expansion room

Revised template = expansion space during authoring

Plan common column width from US English source to A4 US Eng doc size = 8.5 in by 11 in A4 Euro doc size = 8.268 in by 11.693 in Common text column width between templates avoids manually resizing tables and graphics This table would have to be resized

US Eng doc size = 8.5 in by 11 in

A4 Euro doc size = 8.268 in by 11.693 in

Common text column width between templates avoids manually resizing tables and graphics

About ENLASO

ENLASO’s 30 Year History 1968 1998 2001 2002 2004 2005 RWS Group, PLC Founded RWS Group acquires Polyglot International RWS Group launches major software localization center in Boulder, Colorado RWS Group acquires Maryland life sciences language specialist, Translingua, Inc. US-based management led buyout of the localization division of RWS Group from Watertone Limited, a UK Company Expansion of production facilities in Boulder

ENLASO En terprise La nguage So lutions Approximately 40 full-time resources worldwide Central production handled in state-of-the-art facility in Boulder, Colorado with project managers in California, Colorado, and Maryland ISO 9001: 2000 certified with rigorous quality process On-going in-house custom development of client driven software products as well as a full complement of localization staff Specialize in large, complex, multi-language projects Focus on mid-tier client base.

En terprise La nguage So lutions

Approximately 40 full-time resources worldwide

Central production handled in state-of-the-art facility in Boulder, Colorado with project managers in California, Colorado, and Maryland

ISO 9001: 2000 certified with rigorous quality process

On-going in-house custom development of client driven software products as well as a full complement of localization staff

Specialize in large, complex, multi-language projects

Focus on mid-tier client base.

Best Resources Can Include Desktop Publishers Engineers Iconographers Labeling Experts Process Analysts Internationalization Engineers Customer Satisfaction experts

Desktop Publishers

Engineers

Iconographers

Labeling Experts

Process Analysts

Internationalization Engineers

Customer Satisfaction experts

Core Services Aggregate the best resources Manage risk Schedule Price Quality Introduce efficiencies Guarantee quality

Aggregate the best resources

Manage risk

Schedule

Price

Quality

Introduce efficiencies

Guarantee quality

Industry Leadership XML Internationalization and Localization written by ENLASO Engineer Yves Savourel Available on Amazon.com Considered to be the defining book on XML Internationalization and Localization

XML Internationalization and Localization written by ENLASO Engineer Yves Savourel

Available on Amazon.com

Considered to be the defining book on XML Internationalization and Localization

Websites www.secondlife.com

GUI

Documentation

Consulting & Training Pre-flight software testing for Internationalization Help determine best file format for document resources Migration from Word to XML or FrameMaker Localized Template development Structured FrameMaker development Localization internal management training File conversion and migration

Pre-flight software testing for Internationalization

Help determine best file format for document resources

Migration from Word to XML or FrameMaker

Localized Template development

Structured FrameMaker development

Localization internal management training

File conversion and migration

Recommended Resources Common Sense Advisory: http://www.commonsenseadvisory.com/ ENLASO tech doc resources: www.translate.com/framemaker GALA or LISA membership

Common Sense Advisory: http://www.commonsenseadvisory.com/

ENLASO tech doc resources: www.translate.com/framemaker

GALA or LISA membership

Contact Information Maxwell Hoffmann Manager of Consulting & Training [email_address] (805) 494-9571 work phone (805) 807-0853 cell phone

Maxwell Hoffmann Manager of Consulting & Training [email_address] (805) 494-9571 work phone (805) 807-0853 cell phone