Here are the key points about how hydroelectric power creates energy:- Water is stored in reservoirs behind dams. - When control gates at the dam open, water rushes through penstocks (pipes) towards the turbines.- The force of the flowing water spins turbines located in the hydroelectric plant. - The spinning turbines turn generators which produce electricity through electromagnetic induction.- After passing through the turbines, the water is discharged back into the river through outlets below the dam.- The kinetic energy of the flowing water is converted into electrical energy by the turbines and generators.So in summary, dams harness the potential energy of stored water which is then converted to kinetic energy by releasing the water
The document discusses renewable energy sources including solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. It describes how solar energy is captured through photovoltaic systems and thermal power plants. Wind power capacity reached 47,300 MW globally by the end of 2004. Hydroelectric power harnesses the kinetic energy of moving water by using dams to store water in reservoirs and releasing it to spin turbines. Renewable sources have positive impacts like lack of emissions but also negatives like unreliability from varying natural conditions.
Similar to Here are the key points about how hydroelectric power creates energy:- Water is stored in reservoirs behind dams. - When control gates at the dam open, water rushes through penstocks (pipes) towards the turbines.- The force of the flowing water spins turbines located in the hydroelectric plant. - The spinning turbines turn generators which produce electricity through electromagnetic induction.- After passing through the turbines, the water is discharged back into the river through outlets below the dam.- The kinetic energy of the flowing water is converted into electrical energy by the turbines and generators.So in summary, dams harness the potential energy of stored water which is then converted to kinetic energy by releasing the water
Similar to Here are the key points about how hydroelectric power creates energy:- Water is stored in reservoirs behind dams. - When control gates at the dam open, water rushes through penstocks (pipes) towards the turbines.- The force of the flowing water spins turbines located in the hydroelectric plant. - The spinning turbines turn generators which produce electricity through electromagnetic induction.- After passing through the turbines, the water is discharged back into the river through outlets below the dam.- The kinetic energy of the flowing water is converted into electrical energy by the turbines and generators.So in summary, dams harness the potential energy of stored water which is then converted to kinetic energy by releasing the water (20)
Here are the key points about how hydroelectric power creates energy:- Water is stored in reservoirs behind dams. - When control gates at the dam open, water rushes through penstocks (pipes) towards the turbines.- The force of the flowing water spins turbines located in the hydroelectric plant. - The spinning turbines turn generators which produce electricity through electromagnetic induction.- After passing through the turbines, the water is discharged back into the river through outlets below the dam.- The kinetic energy of the flowing water is converted into electrical energy by the turbines and generators.So in summary, dams harness the potential energy of stored water which is then converted to kinetic energy by releasing the water
7. How does it create
energy?
• SOLAR:
• *Photovoltaic systems -These are solar panels hat convert sunlight
directly into electricity, by end of 2002 1500MW installed globally
• *Thermal Power Plants - total global installed capacoty at end of
2002 was 64MW, most in form of 9 power plant in Mojave Desert.
Parabolic trough technology is used to collect sun’s rays and steam
is generated at 400 degrees to drive turbines & this is enough to
meet demand of more than half a million people
• *Solar Towers -Idea is to build large area of greenhouse with a very
tall tower in the middle, the hot air in greenhouse would rise rapidly
up tower, driving turbines on the way.
8. How does it create
energy?
• SOLAR:
• *Photovoltaic systems -These are solar panels hat convert sunlight
directly into electricity, by end of 2002 1500MW installed globally
• *Thermal Power Plants - total global installed capacoty at end of
2002 was 64MW, most in form of 9 power plant in Mojave Desert.
Parabolic trough technology is used to collect sun’s rays and steam
is generated at 400 degrees to drive turbines & this is enough to
meet demand of more than half a million people
• *Solar Towers -Idea is to build large area of greenhouse with a very
tall tower in the middle, the hot air in greenhouse would rise rapidly
up tower, driving turbines on the way.
11. Continued...
• WIND POWER:
• *Global Wind generated electricity capacity totalled 47300MW at
end of 2004
• *Almost 67% of global wind power is concentrated in Germany,
Spain and USA
• *Apart from establishing new wind energy sites, re-powering could
take place which means replacing old wind turbines with new
engines, to give a better performance
12. Continued...
• WIND POWER:
• *Global Wind generated electricity capacity totalled 47300MW at
end of 2004
• *Almost 67% of global wind power is concentrated in Germany,
Spain and USA
• *Apart from establishing new wind energy sites, re-powering could
take place which means replacing old wind turbines with new
engines, to give a better performance
27. Positive impacts:
• generate no air pollution during operation, the primary
environmental, health, and safety issues involve how
they are manufactured, installed, and ultimately disposed
of
• stabilises the economy as it does not rely on oil which
is in high demand
• increased home safety as it is not unstable, and there is
no risk of explosion or poisoning from its use.
28. Positive impacts:
• generate no air pollution during operation, the primary
environmental, health, and safety issues involve how
they are manufactured, installed, and ultimately disposed
of
• stabilises the economy as it does not rely on oil which
is in high demand
• increased home safety as it is not unstable, and there is
no risk of explosion or poisoning from its use.
32. Negative
• It is unreliable as there is no solar power at night and wind
power varies
• Solar energy can be costly as the technology needed to
develop solar energy is extremely expensive and
manufacturing a solar panel requires expensive materials.
• Solar radiation can be efficiently absorbed only during
daytime, but the demand for the energy it generates is
continuous, day and night.
• Wind turbines require a large amount of space and are
unsightly (visual pollution)
38. HOW DOES IT CREATE ENERGY?
•The energy in coal originally came from the sun.
•Carbon dioxide from the air was built into carbon
compounds that became coal.
•We release the energy in coal by heating it which
makes the molecules and atoms move faster.
•This causes some of the electrons to jump out.
•The heat releases the potential energy
stored in the coal and changes it into
kinetic energy.
•This is used to drive the engines and
turbines.
39. WHERE IS IT FOUND?
Coal is mainly found in North America,
Russia, China, Asia and Oceana
40. WHICH COUNTRIES USE IT?
The top 10 coal users are...
1) China - 1,310,000,000
2) United States - 1,060,000,000
3) India - 339,000,000
4) Russia - 298,000,000
5) Germany - 265,000,000
6) South Africa - 170,500,000
7) Japan - 149,500,000
8) Australia - 144,170,000
9) North Korea - 103,600,000
10) Ukraine - 97,200,000
41. POSITIVE IMPACTS
•In many countries coal is the primary source of
fuel at a relatively low cost and can easily be used in
homes, industry and for power generations.
•Coal reserves are an easy fossil fuel to sell to other
countries.
•Coal uses technology that is easily understood and
used by us.
•More advanced technology will provide us with a
wider range of hydrocarbon products
from oil.
42. NEGATIVE IMPACTS
•Coal is the most polluting source of energy.
•Environmental Legislation in a number of countries has required coal-
burning power plants to reduce their pollutants such as nitrogen
oxides and sulphur dioxides by installing building-sized scrubbers and
catalytic units.
•This does not stop the carbon dioxide being released into the
atmosphere.
•This amounts to nearly 2 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide each year
from US coal power plants only.
•Coal mining is dangerous for example
the mining in Chile where 33 miners were trapped for more than 2
months.
•The waste from coal
use includes fly ash, bottom ash, fines,
water treatment sludge and air treatment
sludge and contaminated water.
The solid waste has to be disposed of in
secure landfill sites.
44. Fact File
Oil is extracted by fractional distillation
it is a fossil fuel found in many countries around the
world.
It comes from the remains of plants and
animals(plankton) that died in ancient seas (600 million
years ago)
Over the years organisms decayed: with little oxygen they
mixed with the sediments forming fine grained shale.
As new sedimentary layers were deposited they exerted
intense pressure on the source rock.
45. Where is it found?
Oil is formed under
the crust of the
earth due to
immense heat and
pressure.
46. What countries use it?
Texas, california in the states
Russia
Saudi Arabia
2006- Asia pacific region
consumed 29.4%. North
Iran America 29.6%. Africa 3.3%.
Iraq South/Central America 6.2%
Nigeria
Venezuela
47. Positive Impacts.
Useful on a day to day basis; Transport, machinery
Quick
Through fractional distillation of oil, one is able to obtain
many different types of fuels.
48. Negative Impacts.
Transportation spills
Air pollution
Toxic waste released, affecting wildlife and causing acid
rain.
Usurpation of indigenous people’s rights.
Disruption of ecosystems.
49. When will global peak oil
production occur.
There has been growing concern on when global
production will peak and how fast it will decline there after.
For example, in the USA, oil production peaked in the
1970s.
52. TYPE OF ENERGY
- Natural gas is composed mainly of
methane, it is the least polluting fossil fuel.
Due to methane only containing one carbon
atom, it produces less fossil fuels therefore
better for the environment.
53. WHERE IS IT FOUND?
- Production is dominated by Russia and
the USA, together accounting for almost
40% of the total gas production in the
world.
- However now the Middle East holds the
largest reserves, this is unusual
considering the main focus used to be oil.
54. HOW DOES IT CREATE ENERGY?
- For the energy in the gas to be released it
needs to be burned, this produces a large
amount of heat.
- In natural gas plants, the heat is used to
power large turbines called combustion
turbines or turn steam turbines by heating
water.
- Natural gas is usually preferred in these
situations because it produces fewer
emissions.
55. WHICH COUNTRIES USE IT?
The top natural gas producers -
1) United States
2) Russia
3) Canada
4) Iran
5) Norway
Natural gas exports Natural gas consumption
56. POSITIVE IMPACTS
- Natural gas is more environmentally friendly
compared to oil and coal
- Natural gas emits an estimated 70% less
carbon dioxide than other fuels.
- Natural gas burns cleaner than heating oil.
- It is the most cost effective as it is in
abundant supply.
57. NEGATIVE IMPACTS
- Although it may be more environmentally
friendly, it is still a non-renewable fuel and
therefore its availability is finite.
- Natural gas extraction is damaging the
landscape by leaving large crates within the
earth
- It is easily explosive if handled
improperly.
64. HOW DOES IT CREATE
•To make electricity this way, the water is held in a reservoir, behind the dam
• The water close to the control gates is where the intake is, and when the control
gates open, the water rushes through the penstock and turns the turbine.
•After the water does so, it goes through the outflow into the river. The turbine
spins the generator, and the electricity goes to the transformer in the
powerhouse.
•Then the transformer transforms the electricity into a usable form, and the
electricity travels through the power lines and goes to homes and businesses.
65. HOW DOES IT CREATE
•To make electricity this way, the water is held in a reservoir, behind the dam
• The water close to the control gates is where the intake is, and when the control
gates open, the water rushes through the penstock and turns the turbine.
•After the water does so, it goes through the outflow into the river. The turbine
spins the generator, and the electricity goes to the transformer in the
powerhouse.
•Then the transformer transforms the electricity into a usable form, and the
electricity travels through the power lines and goes to homes and businesses.
68. WHERE IS IT FOUND?
HEP energy, being electricity generated
from a hydro(water) source, usually
hydroelectric dam can be found anywhere
on the electrical grid
71. WHICH COUNTRIES USE IT?
The big four HEP nations are:
• China
• Canada
• Brazil
• USA
Others countries that use HEP are Switzerland, Austria and
Luxembourg.
•100% of Paraguay’s energy source is from HEP
72. WHICH COUNTRIES USE IT?
The big four HEP nations are:
• China
• Canada
• Brazil
• USA
Others countries that use HEP are Switzerland, Austria and
Luxembourg.
•100% of Paraguay’s energy source is from HEP
75. POSITIVE IMPACTS
• It gives an
alternative to
using fuels that
are non-
renewable
• It does not
create pollution
• It does not
release any
harmful gases
78. NEGATIVE IMPACTS
• Sometimes
large areas
are drowned
by the dam
that creates
HEP
• People may
need to be
displaced to
provide room
for the dam
• Destroys
animals’
habitats and
kills fish
