Alternatives to Copyright

Alternatives to Copyright: Creative Commons, Copyleft and the Public Domain Creative Commons, Copyleft and the Public Domain

Aaron Tyo-Dickerson

The American School of The Hague

Our Agenda

Definitions and examples: copyright, fair use

Definitions and examples: public domain, copyleft, Creative Commons

Resources:

texts

clip art

photos

video

audio

software

Definition: Copyright

Asserts moral rights of the author* to a fixed expression of an idea for minimum of life-plus-fifty years

Established, recognized and enforced by governments around the world

Exceptions to author rights: “work for hire” (US) or “contract for service” (UK)

Text: books, articles, research papers (published and unpublished, library resources and web resources, out of print)

Sound recordings, video recordings (analog and digital, broadcasts and web resources)

Drawings, paintings, maps, logos (analog and digital, web resources)

Examples: Copyright

text: books, articles, research papers

published and unpublished

library resources and web resources

out of print

sound recordings, video recordings

analog and digital

broadcasts and web resources

drawings, paintings, maps, logos

analog and digital

web resources

Definition: Fair Use

Limited, free usage of copyrighted work: “Fair Use” (US), “Fair Dealing” (UK), or “Fair Practice” (Berne Convention)

Limitations: quotation (review, criticism, parody), illustration (educational usage), and citation (sources and author)

US guidelines for Fair Use

purpose of usage

nature of copyrighted work

amount and substantiality of work used

effect upon market or value

Text: limited copying for educational purposes

Audio/visual content: limited performance for educational purposes

Graphical content: limited display for educational purposes

Is This Fair Use?

The Alternatives

Definition: Public Domain

“Creative materials that are not protected by intellectual property laws such as copyright, trademark or patent laws.”

old: the copyright has expired.

wrong: the owner failed to follow copyright renewal rules.

deliberate: the owner deliberately places it in the public domain.

obvious: copyright law does not protect this type of work.

Welcome to the public domain. (2004). Copyright and Fair Use. Retrieved March 18, 2007, from The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University Web site: http://fairuse.stanford.edu/Copyright_and_Fair_Use_Overview/chapter8/8-a.html

Definition: Copyleft

An author-granted license for copyrighted work to be used with some restrictions

Sometimes seen as “Some rights reserved”

Definition: Creative Commons

“Reasonable, flexible copyright” at www.creativecommons.org

Copyleft-like licenses for creative work

Four variables

Attribution

Noncommercial

No Derivative Works

Share Alike

“Wanna Work Together?” from the Creative Commons website at

www,creativecommons.org

www.creativecommons.org

www.archive.org

www.wikimediafoundation.org

www.morguefile.com

www.sxc.hu

www.flickr.com/creativecommons

www.openclipart.org

www.gutenberg.org

archive.org - texts

www.openlibrary.org

www.ccmixter.org

www.opsound.org

freesound.iua.upf.edu

www.archive.org/details/prelinger

“If you should accidentally tear a speaker off” (1960)

from the Ephemeral Films collection at www.archive.org

www.sourceforge.net

Questions?

What about copyright? Creative Commons, Copyleft and the Public Domain Creative Commons, Copyleft and the Public Domain Aaron Tyo-Dickerson The American School of The Hague

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 543 Howard Street, 5th Floor, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.