Alan W. Aldrich I. D. Weeks Library University of South Dakota

Analysis of different models of reference Design of a collaborative workstation Easily implemented Inexpensive Appreciated by patrons and librarians Multiple uses

Analysis of different models of reference

Design of a collaborative workstation

Easily implemented

Inexpensive

Appreciated by patrons and librarians

Multiple uses

Access Accuracy Authority Individualism Instruction Knowledge Timeliness Thoroughness

Access Accuracy

Authority Individualism

Instruction Knowledge

Timeliness Thoroughness

Structure + Values = Outcomes

Structure +

Values =

Outcomes

Traditional Reference Desk/Station Teaching Library Model Roving Reference

Traditional Reference Desk/Station

Teaching Library Model

Roving Reference

Physical desk or station Computer workstation(s) Synchronous in location Synchronous in time

Physical desk or station

Computer workstation(s)

Synchronous in location

Synchronous in time

Access Accuracy Individualism Knowledge Timeliness

Access

Accuracy

Individualism

Knowledge

Timeliness

Instruction is deemphasized Thoroughness is deemphasized Reference librarian as expert Patron is dependent (Doherty, 2006). Lack of co-browsing or collaboration Lack of socially constructed knowledge Lack of active learning

Instruction is deemphasized

Thoroughness is deemphasized

Reference librarian as expert

Patron is dependent (Doherty, 2006).

Lack of co-browsing or collaboration

Lack of socially constructed knowledge

Lack of active learning

Computer equipped classroom One workstation per student Master workstation under control of librarian Synchronous in time Synchronous in place (physically) Asynchronous in the search space

Computer equipped classroom

One workstation per student

Master workstation under control of librarian

Synchronous in time

Synchronous in place (physically)

Asynchronous in the search space

Authority Critical Thinking Knowledge Instruction Thoroughness

Authority

Critical Thinking

Knowledge

Instruction

Thoroughness

Values of accuracy, timeliness, and individualism deemphasized Control/expertise paradigm reinforced Lack of socially constructed knowledge ala Vygotsky Lack of active learning

Values of accuracy, timeliness, and individualism deemphasized

Control/expertise paradigm reinforced

Lack of socially constructed knowledge ala Vygotsky

Lack of active learning

Lack of a fixed desk or supplements a traditional reference point Mobile devices to extend the reach of reference Devices located near the stacks Dedicated staffing

Lack of a fixed desk or supplements a traditional reference point

Mobile devices to extend the reach of reference

Devices located near the stacks

Dedicated staffing

Access Accuracy Individualization Knowledge Timeliness

Access

Accuracy

Individualization

Knowledge

Timeliness

Meeting patrons at the point of need Meeting patrons at the place of need Opportunities for collaboration i.e., co-browsing Very short interactions Need to pass patron off to a traditional reference desk Instruction is deemphasized

Meeting patrons at the point of need

Meeting patrons at the place of need

Opportunities for collaboration i.e., co-browsing

Very short interactions

Need to pass patron off to a traditional reference desk

Instruction is deemphasized

Email reference Instant Messenger (IM) reference Chat reference

Email reference

Instant Messenger (IM) reference

Chat reference

Asynchronous for location Asynchronous for time Loss of most communication channels Loss of question negotiation (Pomerantz, 2005)

Asynchronous for location

Asynchronous for time

Loss of most communication channels

Loss of question negotiation (Pomerantz, 2005)

Access Accuracy Individualism Timeliness

Access

Accuracy

Individualism

Timeliness

Can be a long delay Good for questions Not as good for detailed help due to asynchronous response times Instruction not valued due to timeliness concerns Thoroughness not always valued

Can be a long delay

Good for questions

Not as good for detailed help due to asynchronous response times

Instruction not valued due to timeliness concerns

Thoroughness not always valued

Freeware or commercial software Asynchronous for location Synchronous for time Loss of most communication channels

Freeware or commercial software

Asynchronous for location

Synchronous for time

Loss of most communication channels

Access Accuracy Individualism Timeliness

Access

Accuracy

Individualism

Timeliness

Immediate and real time interaction Good for quick questions/short answers Uses the tools younger patrons are familiar with Interaction limited to only text, hypertext links, files, and emoticons Question negotiation (Pomerantz, 2005) is limited Instruction deemphasized

Immediate and real time interaction

Good for quick questions/short answers

Uses the tools younger patrons are familiar with

Interaction limited to only text, hypertext links, files, and emoticons

Question negotiation (Pomerantz, 2005) is limited

Instruction deemphasized

Asynchronous location Synchronous communication Some to many communication channels available Shared interface

Asynchronous location

Synchronous communication

Some to many communication channels available

Shared interface

Access Accuracy Individualism Instruction(facilitated by the structure) Thoroughness

Access

Accuracy

Individualism

Instruction(facilitated by the structure)

Thoroughness

Can enable co-browsing Immediate and real time interaction Potential for real collaboration and interactive learning High costs of software and training Dual staffing - need to have chat ref separate from the physical reference desk (Pomerantz, 2005).

Can enable co-browsing

Immediate and real time interaction

Potential for real collaboration and interactive learning

High costs of software and training

Dual staffing - need to have chat ref separate from the physical reference desk (Pomerantz, 2005).

to facilitate instruction? that is simple? that is inexpensive? that is practical? that supports the values of reference?

to facilitate instruction?

that is simple?

that is inexpensive?

that is practical?

that supports the values of reference?

Doherty, J. (2006). Reference interview or reference dialog? Internet Reference Services Quarterly, 11 (3), 97-109. Pomerantz, J.(2005). A conceptual framework and open research questions for chat-based reference service. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 56 (12), 1288-1302. Tyckoson, D. A. (2001). What is the best model of reference service? Library Trends, 50 (2), 183-196.

Doherty, J. (2006). Reference interview or reference dialog? Internet Reference Services Quarterly, 11 (3), 97-109.

Pomerantz, J.(2005). A conceptual framework and open research questions for chat-based reference service. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 56 (12), 1288-1302.

Tyckoson, D. A. (2001). What is the best model of reference service? Library Trends, 50 (2), 183-196.