How to control plaque with chemicals

HOW TO CONTROL PLAQUE
PRESENTED BY:
DR. AAKIFA JAVED ARIAN
ALTAMASH INSTITUTE OF DENTAL MEDICINE

PLAQUE:
Plaque is a soft deposit that form the
biofilm adhering to the tooth surface.
It cannot be rinsed but removed by brushing.
Plaque is a firmly adherent mass of bacteria in a mucopolysaccharide matrix.

What Do We Mean By PLAQUE CONTROL
Plaque Control is the removal of dental/ microbial plaque and the
prevention of its accumulation on the teeth and adjacent gingival tissues.
It also deals with the prevention of calculus formation.
Plaque is the major etiology of PERIDONTAL Disease & is related to Dental CARIES; therefore, gaining patient cooperation in daily plaque REMOVAL is success of ALL periodontal and dental treatment.

Remember……..!!!
Plaque:
Plaque is a white, sticky substance that builds up every day around your teeth and gums, and on dental appliances.
Plaque can be removed with daily brushing, flossing, and rinsing with an antiseptic mouthwash.
If plaque is not removed it hardens into calculus.
Calculus:
Once plaque has been allowed to remain it calcifies. Onlya dental professional can then remove calculus.
Plaque
Calculus

Brush
Plaque builds within hours. Brushing your teeth helps oral health because it removes plaque from the surfaces of your teeth and gums.
Floss
Because periodontal disease often begins in areas your toothbrush cannot reach, it’s important to remove plaque from between teeth and just below your gumline by flossing.
Rinse
Daily rinsing with an antiseptic mouthwash may add to the benefits of brushing and flossing by reducing plaque between crowded teeth and around hard-to-reach molars.

Methods of Plaque Control:
Mechanical Plaque Control Methods.
2. Chemical Plaque Control Methods.

Mechanical Plaque Control Aids:
2) Interdental Aids:
Dental Floss
Triangular Tooth Picks
Interdental Brushes
Superfloss
Perio-Aid
1) ToothBrushes:
Manual Toothbrush
Electrical Toothbrush
4) Others:
Gauze Strips
Pipe Cleansers
water Irrigation Device
3) Aids for Gingival Stimulation:
Rubber Tip Stimulator
5) Aids for Completely or Partially Edentulous Patients:
Denture & Partial Clasp Brushes
Cleansing Solutions

Chemical Plaque Control Agents
The Chemical agents which act on the Plaque
ultrastructurally and prevent the formation of
Plaque are usefull in Prevention than in a cure.

Chemical Plaque Control Agents are:
Dentifrices/ Toothpastes
2. Mouth Rinses
i. Chlorhexidine Rinse
ii. Essential Oil Rinse

Chemical inhibitors of plaque & calculus that are incorporated in mouthwashes or dentifrices play important roles in plaque control.
DO YOU KNW……..??

TOOTHPASTE / DENTIFRICES
Toothpaste called as dentifrice, is an inclusive term used to describe a
powder, paste or gel, used with a toothbrush to aid in the removal of
plaque, biofilm, materia alba, and stain from teeth and soft tissue.
PURPOSE
Cleaning
Polishing
Removal of stains
Reduce incidence of tooth decay

Toothpaste Contents
Abrasives (20%-40%)
Flavor- (2%) pleasant and must be associated with a “clean” feeling. E.g. Mint flavor
Colouring agent (2%)
Binders (2%)
Humectants (20%-40%)
Detergents (1%-2%)
Flavoring agent (2%)
Preservatives (<1%)
Sweetening agents (2%)
Water (20%-40%)

Abrasive
Also called as polishing agent
Solid, insoluble particles
Potential for fluoride interaction
Causing abrasion
Remove debris and residual strain from teeth
Examples of Abrasives:
Aluminium oxide
Calcium pyrophosphate
Carbonates like sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate
silicas

Binders
To provide consistency and shape.
Keep the solid phase properly suspended in the liquid phase .
Prevent the toothpaste from drying out.
Contribute to the creamy consistency of the toothpaste and hence, control the viscosity.
Provide body to the dentrifice, especially after extrusion from the tube onto the toothbrush.
Examples of Binders:
Polymers like Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)
Alginate
Gums

Humectants
Used in toothpaste to prevent loss of water and subsequent hardening of the product upon exposure to air.
Affect taste perception
Examples:
Glycerine
Sorbitol
Polyethylene glycol
Mannitol
Propylene glycol

Sweeteners and Flavors
Sweeteners: sodium saccharin, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol
Flavors: improve taste of toothpaste
E.g: peppermint, spearmint, wintergreen, menthol, cinnamon
Surfactants
Function:
Produce foam and aid in the removal of debris.
Emulsifies flavoring agents.
High level may cause mucosal irritation.
May react with other toothpaste components.
Examples:
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
Sodium N-LaurylSarcosinate
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)

Fluoride Actives
Function:
Increases resistance to enamel solubility.
Restricted usage level (for adults it must be within 1000 to 1450 ppm and for children not more than 1000ppm)
Examples:
Sodium fluoride
Sodium monofluorophosphate
Stannous fluoride

Preservatives and Solvents
Function of Preservatives:
prevent the growth of micro organisms such as mold and bacteria in the toothpaste.
Non-irritating
Compatible with other ingredients
Examples: alcohols, sodium benzoate, dichlorinated phenols
Function of Solvents:
dissolves the ingredients and allows them to be mixed.
Water is the most common solvent used.

Therapeutic Agents
Anti-caries agents: sodium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate
Anti-plaque: Sodium Lauryl Sulphate, Triclosane, Zinc and Stannous ions
Anti-calculus: Pyrophosphate
Anti-dentin hypersensitivity: Potassium salts
Whitening agents: Papain, Dimethicone

Different types of toothpaste
Anti-Caries / Cavity Protection toothpastes contain fluoride to stop tooth enamel decalcification and protect teeth from tooth decay and cavities.
Plaque & Gingivitis Prevention toothpastes have additional antibacterial ingredients to fight the growth of bacteria and the formation of dental plaque.
Tooth Whitening toothpastes have either higher abrasion value than normal tootpastes to mechanically remove food, smoking and other stains from teeth, or/and special ingredients as Peroxide for teeth bleaching and whitening.
Sensitivity toothpastes contain desensitising agents to relief those with tooth sensitivity problems from the acute pain when teeth are exposed to hot or cold temperatures or sweet and sour foods.
Tartar Control toothpastes contain pyrophosphates that reduce new tartar build-up (but they can't remove the existing tartar).
Fresh Breath toothpastes contain enhanced flavoring agents along with antibacterials to fight halitosis and provide fresher breath.

Some toxic components of a toothpaste
Fluorides: in higher levels cause fluorosis
Appear as tiny white streaks or specks
Severe form- mottling of enamel, pitting and cracking of teeth, black and brown stains.
Titanium dioxide: if inhaled can cause lung damage
Sodium saccharin: FDA lists it as a possible carcinogen
21

MOUTH RINSES
Chlorhexidine Rinse:
This agent has the most positive antibacterial results to date.
Have pronounced antiseptic properties.
Inhibit the development of plaque, calculus and gingivitis.
Side Effects:
Brown staining of the teeth, tongue and silicate resin restorations
Transient impairment of taste perception.
Chlorhexidine Preparation contains:
12% alcohol

Essential Oil Rinse:
Reduces plaque 2o-35% and gingivitis reduction of 25-35%
Essential Oil Preparation Contains:
Thymol
Eucalyptol
Menthol
Methyl Salicylate
Alcohol (up to 24% depending on the preparation)

How to control plaque with chemicals

by aakifa

Accessibility

Categories

Upload Details

Usage Rights

Statistics

How to control plaque with chemicals Presentation Transcript