呼吸

Summary By EMT-2

O2 (ATP) CO2CO2

(Respiration)• • (Ventilation) • / • (External Respiration) • <- ) -> • (Internal Respiration) • <- ( ) ->

腭腭腭

• (Larynx) • (epiglottis)• (Nose) • (Thyroid Cartilage) • • (Cricoid Cartilage) • (Trachea)• (Pharynx) • C • (Nasopharynx) • (Oropharynx) • (Bronchi) • (Laryngopharynx) •

• (Bronchioles) • • • -> (EP) (NE) -> -> -> • • -> • like: (Asthma attack)

• (Lungs) • (Pleural membrane) • • • (Pleural cavity) ( ( -4 mmHg) => ) •

• (Alveolus) • • • •

(Ventilation)• (Ventilation) • = 0 mmHg = 0 mmHg < -2 mmHg < 0 mmHg > 2 mmHg > 0 mmHg

( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )

(Volumes)• (Tidal Volume) • • Tidal Volume = 500 mL• (minute ventilation) • • X • 12 X 500mL = 6000 mL = 6 Liters

(Dead Space)• (Anatomical Dead Space) • 500mL 350mL • 150mL • • (500 - 150) X 12 = 4200 mL/min => (Adequate) 4 Liters

(Adequate)?• (Shallow) • 250 mL X 12 • (250 - 150) X 12 = 1200 mL/min• • 250 mL X 24 • (250 - 150) X 24 = 2400 mL/min• • 200 mL X 36 • (200 - 150) X 36 = 1800 mL/min

(Partial Pressure)• O2 CO2 • (partial pressure) O2 CO2• • (760 mmHg) = PN2(597.4 mmHg) + PO2(158.8mmHg) + PH2O(3.0mmHg) + PCO2(0.3mmHg) + P (0.5mmHg)

•O 2• O2 1.5%• 98.5%• => PO2• PO2 Hb + O2 -> HbO2• PO2 HbO2 -> Hb + O2• PCO2, , ( CO ) =>

• CO 2 • 9% • 13% Hb + CO2 -> HbCO2 • 78% HCO3- CO2 + H2O -> H2CO3 -> H+ + HCO3-

• (Respiratory Center) • • • • 2 -> / -> / -> • 3 -> / (recoil) -> • • -> -> -> / / / ->

• PO2 PCO2 • • • PCO2 H+ -> • • (H+ PCO2 ) (PO2 PCO2 H+) > • ( ) ( )

• (Asthma) •• COPD(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) • (Emphysema) (Chronic Bronchitis)

• (Emphysema) • -> -> -> O2 -> • -> -> -> -> -> “ ”• (Chronic Bronchitis) • -> /

• (Pneumonia) • ( ) -> -> / -> ->• (TB) •• (Pulmonary Edema) • • • (CHF)

• • (Depth) • (Rate) • • • + • • ColorMinute Ventilation = (Tidal Volume) X (Rate)

Adult 12 ~ 20 /minChild 15 ~ 30 /minInfant 25 ~ 50 /min

(Dyspnea)(Respiratory Distress)(Respiratory Failure) O2 (Respiratory Arrest) BVM (Inadequate Breathing)

Signs1. Rate, Depth2.3. Air4. Skin color NRM1.2. Rate, Depth BVM3. crowing, stridor,snoring, gasping4. (Cyanosis) NRM +5. minute volume BVM

• (Head-Tilt, Chin-Lift Maneuver)

• (Jaw-Thrust Maneuver)

• ) • • “ ” • BVM volume • BVM • 5~6 minute volume

• ) • • “ ” volume • BVM • ” ” BVM • 12 minute volume

• OPA

• NPA

• LMA

• • • ”Room Air” • • 100%

OPQRST• O - Onset (When did it begin?)• P - Provocation (What were you doing when this came on?)• Q - Quality / (Can you describe the feeling you have?)• R - Radiation (Does the feeling seem to spread to any other part of your body?)(Do you have pain or discomfort anywhere else in your body?)• S - Severity 1 10 (On a scale of 1 to 10, how bad is your breathing trouble?)• T - Time (How long have you had this feeling?)

呼吸

by Li-Chung Chang on May 17, 2011

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