Zipcar 2012 Future Metropolis Award and Index

Zipcar Future Metropolis Index Research Commissioned by Zipcar February 2012 [1]

An Overview and Key Findings The Future Metropolis Index recognizes cities that demonstrate smart urban planning and policymaking. America’s cities are the economic engines of the country and a driving source of optimism. San Francisco is the 2012 leading future metropolis. With high marks across all five dimensions – innovation, sustainability, vibrancy and creativity, efficiency, livability and optimism – San Francisco ranks at the top in the overall index. The research also shows that urban living correlates with higher levels of optimism about the economic future. Americans living in metro areas are more likely to be optimistic about job prospects than those living in non- metro areas. confidential 2

Key Findings (cont’d)  Cities along the East and West coast top the list. Following behind San Francisco are Seattle and Washington, DC, along with Portland, Boston and New York respectively.  The most sustainable cities are in the West with higher percentages of bike lanes (Tucson) and hybrid cars (San Francisco).  The Northeast can boast the most efficient cities. Washington, DC, New York and Boston top the list with their public transportation systems; Atlanta and San Francisco follow closely.  San Francisco shines vibrantly, with its arts-related businesses and jobs and many park acres across the city.  El Paso leads in livability. El Paso grabs the number-one spot as most livable due to its lowest homicide rate and second lowest burglary rate, while it falls in the bottom half for all other dimensions.  Atlanta is at the top tier of innovative cities with the most universities and hot spots per 100,000 residents; Pittsburgh follows closely. confidential 3

Methodology Overview Data collected for 36 U.S. cities (based on population size) Publicly available data was used for most sources and converted to a per- capita basis, to equalize and standardize scores Data was rescaled to further equalize/standardize scores Data was collected July 2011 – January 2012 Survey and research were conducted by KRC Research, a full-service market and opinion research firm confidential 4

Methodology Overview (cont’d) Cities were evaluated on the following dimensions as they are values that align with Zipcar’s mission:  Innovation was measured on number of free, publicly available wireless hotspots per 10,000 residents as well as number of accredited postsecondary degree-granting institutions per 10,000 residents.  Sustainability was measured on miles of bike lanes and paths per 100,000 residents and percent of hybrid cars among the total registered cars.  Vibrancy and Creativity were measured on park acres as a percent of city land area, arts-related jobs per 1,000 residents, and arts-related businesses per 1,000 residents.  Efficiency was measured on the number of workers using public/commuter transportation as a percent of the total workforce and the number of public transportation rides/passenger trips as a percent of area population.  Livability and Optimism were measured on unemployment rate, violent crime rate (homicide per 100,000 residents), and property crime rate (burglaries per 100,000 residents). confidential 5

Overall Index Ranking and Score City Ranking Score City Ranking ScoreSan Francisco, CA 1 86 Phoenix, AZ 18 44Seattle, WA 2 81 Baltimore, MD 20 43Washington, DC 2 81 Dallas, TX 21 40Portland, OR 4 79 Milwaukee, WI 22 39Boston, MA 5 77 Kansas City, MO 22 39New York, NY 6 72 El Paso, TX 24 38Atlanta, GA 7 68 Charlotte, NC 25 37Denver, CO 8 63 Houston, TX 26 34Pittsburgh, PA 9 62 San Antonio, TX 26 34Austin, TX 10 60 Las Vegas, NV 28 33San Diego, CA 10 60 Oklahoma City, OK 29 32Albuquerque, NM 12 57 Louisville-Jefferson, KY 29 32Philadelphia, PA 13 55 Jacksonville, FL 29 32Los Angeles, CA 14 53 Fort Worth, TX 32 30San Jose, CA 15 50 Columbus, OH 33 29Nashville-Davidson, TN 16 45 Indianapolis, IN 34 26Tucson, AZ 16 45 Memphis, TN 34 26Chicago, IL 18 44 Detroit, MI 36 20 confidential 6

Index Ranking and Dimension ScoreIndex Ranking City Innovation Sustainability Vibrancy/Creativity Efficiency Livability 1 San Francisco, CA 84 94 96 81 75 2 Seattle, WA 83 82 92 73 73 2 Washington, DC 91 79 92 100 43 4 Portland, OR 86 95 84 57 71 5 Boston, MA 95 44 74 98 73 6 New York, NY 40 63 78 99 81 7 Atlanta, GA 99 40 83 94 24 8 Denver, CO 90 48 59 45 73 9 Pittsburgh, PA 96 32 57 69 57 10 Austin, TX 37 82 74 31 74 10 San Diego, CA 38 77 75 33 77 12 Albuquerque, NM 20 92 83 26 67 13 Philadelphia, PA 62 37 51 81 43 14 Los Angeles, CA 23 61 73 51 56 15 San Jose, CA 38 79 32 29 72 Nashville-Davidson, 16 TN 49 40 57 25 55 16 Tucson, AZ 27 96 18 28 57 18 Chicago, IL 34 27 36 80 43 confidential 7

Overall Index Ranking & Dimension Score (cont’d)Index Ranking City Innovation Sustainability Vibrancy/Creativity Efficiency Livability 18 Phoenix, AZ 32 66 36 29 55 20 Baltimore, MD 67 40 31 66 12 21 Dallas, TX 32 29 65 31 44 22 Milwaukee, WI 55 31 30 39 38 22 Kansas City, MO 78 29 39 28 22 24 El Paso, TX 10 33 33 25 87 25 Charlotte, NC 29 41 33 29 56 26 Houston, TX 18 24 45 31 53 26 San Antonio, TX 21 21 30 28 68 28 Las Vegas, NV 23 51 19 38 34 29 Oklahoma City, OK 30 32 23 22 51 Louisville-Jefferson, 29 KY 38 30 14 27 49 29 Jacksonville, FL 24 38 30 24 43 32 Fort Worth, TX 18 26 24 23 57 33 Columbus, OH 30 27 29 27 30 34 Indianapolis, IN 29 21 27 24 27 34 Memphis, TN 45 18 20 25 21 36 Detroit, MI 31 14 17 40 0 confidential 8

Innovation Ranking and Scores Innovation Top 51. Atlanta, GA2. Pittsburgh, PA  Atlanta is at the top tier of innovative3. Boston, MA cities with the most universities and hot4. Washington, DC spots per residents; Pittsburgh follows closely5. Denver, CO  Boston’s universities help it secure the third spot on our innovation list confidential 9

Innovation Ranking and Scores (cont’d) City Ranking Score City Ranking ScoreAtlanta, GA 1 99 Austin, TX 19 37Pittsburgh, PA 2 96 Chicago, IL 20 34Boston, MA 3 95 Phoenix, AZ 21 32Washington, DC 4 91 Dallas, TX 21 32Denver, CO 5 90 Detroit, MI 23 31Portland, OR 6 86 Columbus, OH 24 30San Francisco, CA 7 84 Oklahoma City, OK 24 30Seattle, WA 8 83 Indianapolis, IN 26 29Kansas City, MO 9 78 Charlotte, NC 26 29Baltimore, MD 10 67 Tucson, AZ 28 27Philadelphia, PA 11 62 Jacksonville, FL 29 24Milwaukee, WI 12 55 Los Angeles, CA 30 23Nashville-Davidson, TN 13 49 Las Vegas, NV 30 23Memphis, TN 14 45 San Antonio, TX 32 21New York, NY 15 40 Albuquerque, NM 33 20San Jose, CA 16 38 Houston, TX 34 18Louisville-Jefferson, KY 16 38 Fort Worth, TX 34 18San Diego, CA 16 38 El Paso, TX 36 10 confidential 10

Sustainability Ranking and Score Sustainability Top 5  The West wins. The top five sustainable cities are in the West, with the1. Tucson, AZ exception of Austin2. Portland, OR  Tucson ranks highest for sustainability3. San Francisco, CA with the most miles of bike lanes per 10,000 residents4. Albuquerque, NM  San Francisco takes the lead on5. Seattle, WA percentage of hybrid cars followed by6. Austin, TX Seattle confidential 11

Sustainability Ranking and Score (cont’d) City Ranking Score City Ranking ScoreTucson, AZ 1 96 Baltimore, MD 19 40Portland, OR 2 95 Jacksonville, FL 20 38San Francisco, CA 3 94 Philadelphia, PA 21 37Albuquerque, NM 4 92 El Paso, TX 22 33Seattle, WA 5 82 Oklahoma City, OK 23 32Austin, TX 5 82 Pittsburgh, PA 23 32San Jose, CA 7 79 Milwaukee, WI 25 31Washington, DC 7 79 Louisville-Jefferson, KY 26 30San Diego, CA 9 77 Dallas, TX 27 29Phoenix, AZ 10 66 Kansas City, MO 27 29New York, NY 11 63 Columbus, OH 29 27Los Angeles, CA 12 61 Chicago, IL 29 27Las Vegas, NV 13 51 Fort Worth, TX 31 26Denver, CO 14 48 Houston, TX 32 24Boston, MA 15 44 San Antonio, TX 33 21Charlotte, NC 16 41 Indianapolis, IN 33 21Atlanta, GA 17 40 Memphis, TN 35 18Nashville-Davidson, TN 17 40 Detroit, MI 36 14 confidential 12

Vibrancy/Creativity Ranking and ScoreVibrancy/Creativity Top 5  San Francisco shines vibrantly, with its1. San Francisco, CA arts-related businesses/jobs & a top 10 spot for park acres2. Seattle, WA3. Washington, DC  Atlanta leads in arts-related jobs; Seattle in arts-related businesses4. Portland, OR  Washington, DC and Portland score well5. Atlanta, GA across all measures for vibrancy5. Albuquerque, MN  Albuquerque leads with the most park acres as % of city land confidential 13

Vibrancy/Creativity Ranking and Score (cont’d) City Ranking Score City Ranking ScoreSan Francisco, CA 1 96 Chicago, IL 19 36Seattle, WA 2 92 Phoenix, AZ 19 36Washington, DC 2 92 Charlotte, NC 21 33Portland, OR 4 84 El Paso, TX 21 33Atlanta, GA 5 83 San Jose, CA 23 32Albuquerque, NM 5 83 Baltimore, MD 24 31New York, NY 7 78 San Antonio, TX 25 30San Diego, CA 8 75 Milwaukee, WI 25 30Boston, MA 9 74 Jacksonville, FL 25 30Austin, TX 9 74 Columbus, OH 28 29Los Angeles, CA 11 73 Indianapolis, IN 29 27Dallas, TX 12 65 Fort Worth, TX 30 24Denver, CO 13 59 Oklahoma City, OK 31 23Nashville-Davidson, TN 14 57 Memphis, TN 32 20Pittsburgh, PA 14 57 Las Vegas, NV 33 19Philadelphia, PA 16 51 Tucson, AZ 34 18Houston, TX 17 45 Detroit, MI 35 17Kansas City, MO 18 39 Louisville-Jefferson, KY 36 14 confidential 14

Efficiency Ranking and Score Efficiency Top 5 1. Washington, DC 2. New York, NY  East coast cities are most efficient; 3. Boston, MA Washington, DC, New York and Boston top the list 4. Atlanta, GA  Washington, DC and New York have the 5. San Francisco, CA highest proportion of commuters using 5. Philadelphia, PA public transportation confidential 15

Efficiency Ranking and Score (cont’d) City Ranking Score City Ranking ScoreWashington, DC 1 100 Houston, TX 18 31New York, NY 2 99 Dallas, TX 18 31Boston, MA 3 98 San Jose, CA 21 29Atlanta, GA 4 94 Phoenix, AZ 21 29San Francisco, CA 5 81 Charlotte, NC 21 29Philadelphia, PA 5 81 Kansas City, MO 24 28Chicago, IL 7 80 Tucson, AZ 24 28Seattle, WA 8 73 San Antonio, TX 24 28Pittsburgh, PA 9 69 Louisville-Jefferson, KY 27 27Baltimore, MD 10 66 Columbus, OH 27 27Portland, OR 11 57 Albuquerque, NM 29 26Los Angeles, CA 12 51 Nashville-Davidson, TN 30 25Denver, CO 13 45 Memphis, TN 30 25Detroit, MI 14 40 El Paso, TX 30 25Milwaukee, WI 15 39 Indianapolis, IN 33 24Las Vegas, NV 16 38 Jacksonville, FL 33 24San Diego, CA 17 33 Fort Worth, TX 35 23Austin, TX 18 31 Oklahoma City, OK 36 22 confidential 16

Livability/Optimism Ranking and Score Livability/Optimism Top 51. El Paso, TX  El Paso leads in livability due to the lowest homicide rates and second2. New York, NY lowest burglary rates after New York3. San Diego, CA  Despite the Great Recession, Austin4. San Francisco, CA fares better with relatively lower unemployment rates5. Austin, TX  San Diego’s low crime rate earns it a spot among the top 5 confidential 17

Livability/Optimism Ranking and Score (cont’d) City Ranking Score City Ranking ScoreEl Paso, TX 1 87 Phoenix, AZ 18 55New York, NY 2 81 Houston, TX 20 53San Diego, CA 3 77 Oklahoma City, OK 21 51San Francisco, CA 4 75 Louisville-Jefferson, KY 22 49Austin, TX 5 74 Dallas, TX 23 44Boston, MA 6 73 Chicago, IL 24 43Seattle, WA 6 73 Philadelphia, PA 24 43Denver, CO 6 73 Washington, DC 24 43San Jose, CA 9 72 Jacksonville, FL 24 43Portland, OR 10 71 Milwaukee, WI 28 38San Antonio, TX 11 68 Las Vegas, NV 29 34Albuquerque, NM 12 67 Columbus, OH 30 30Fort Worth, TX 13 57 Indianapolis, IN 31 27Tucson, AZ 13 57 Atlanta, GA 32 24Pittsburgh, PA 13 57 Kansas City, MO 33 22Los Angeles, CA 16 56 Memphis, TN 34 21Charlotte, NC 16 56 Baltimore, MD 35 12Nashville-Davidson, TN 18 55 Detroit, MI 36 0 confidential 18

Zipcar Future Metropolis National Survey Results [ 19 ]

Key Findings Half of Americans foresee a brighter economic future in their communities, but are doubtful their communities will be safer from violent crime. – Americans are more optimistic about future employment prospects and income growth than they are about a decline in crime rates in their communities. • One in two Americans (52%) say they agree (either strongly agree or somewhat agree) that household incomes in their communities will increase in three years, and nearly as many (49%) also agree that job opportunities will also rise in their communities. • That said, only a third (35%) believe the amount of crimes will decrease in their communities and nearly half (45%) say they disagree that crime rates will decrease in their communities. confidential 20

Key Findings  Optimism is higher in metro areas. Americans living in metro areas are more likely to be optimistic about job prospects than those living in non- metro areas. – Half of those living in metro areas (53%) say the number of job opportunities in their communities will increase compared to four in ten of those living in non- metro areas (39%). – More than four in ten (45%) of those living in non-metro areas disagree that household incomes will increase compared to a third (34%) of those living in metro areas. Optimism Around Job Growth 60% 40% 20% 0% Metro Areas Non-Metro Areas confidential 21

Looking into the future, one in two Americans believe income and jobopportunities will increase three years from now. Q. Next, I am going to read you a few statements about the future of your community, and I’d like to know whether you agree or disagree with each statement.* Three years from now… % Neither % Agree agree nor disagree Household income in my community will -19% -19% 18% 34% INCREASE 3 years 52% 8% from now Number of job opportunities in my community will -18% -23% 16% 33% INCREASE three years from 49% 7% now Amount of violent crime in my community will -26% -19% 15% 21% 35% 16% DECREASE three years from now Somewhat Strongly Strongly Somewhat disagree disagree agree agree *Results are based on a nationally representative telephone survey of 1,006 adults , ages 18 and over, conducted October 13-16, 2011. The margin of error for the overall study is +/- 3.1% at the 95% confidence level. confidential 22

Appendix: Sources for IndexInnovation Number of hotspots: JiWire Global Wi-Fi Finder. Web. 20 Oct. 2011. <http://v4.jiwire.com/search-wifi-hotspots.htm?>. For the number of universities per city , a list was taken from: Universities: The Database of Accredited Postsecondary Institutions and Programs.” U.S. Department of Education. Web. 26 Sept. 2011. <http://ope.ed.gov/accreditation/GetDownloadFile.aspx>. The websites of all institutions taken from this list were checked to confirm that the institutions were post-secondary degree-granting institutions within city limits.Sustainability Bicycle lanes and paths per 100,000 residents: "League of American Bicyclists * American Community Survey 2009, Bicycle Commuting Trends." League of American Bicyclists. http://www.bikeleague.org/resources/reports/acs09_commuter_trends_cities.php>. For Columbus, OH, please see: "Columbus Bicentennial Bikeways Master Plan." American Trails - Your National Resource for Trails and Greenways. Americantrails.org. Web. 22 Oct. 2011. <http://www.americantrails.org/resources/trans/Columbus-Ohio-Bikeways-Master-Plan.html>. For Oklahoma City, OK, please see: United States. The City of Oklahoma Planning Department. Oklahoma City Bicycle Transportation Plan. The City of Oklahoma, 10 Apr. 2008. Web. 10 Oct. 2011. <http://www.okc.gov/planning/documents/bicycle%20transportation%20plan%20final%20adopted.pdf>. Hybrid car data purchased from R. L. Polk & Company 2011 based on hybrid car analysis of vehicle registration data in each city.Vibrancy/Creativity For percent of arts-related jobs and percent of arts-related businesses per 10,000 residents, please see: Americans for the Arts, 2011 .<http://www.AmericansForTheArts.org/CreativeIndustries>. For the park acres as a percent of city land, please see: “2010 City Parks Facts.” The Trust for Public Land. http://cloud.tpl.org/pubs/ccpe_CityParkFacts_2010.pdfEfficiency For the percent of workforce that commutes via public transportation see: "2010 American Community Survey." American FactFinder. <http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml>. For the number of unlinked trips on public transportation, please see: American Public Transportation Association; 2011 Public Transportation Fact Book, Appendix B: Transit Agency and Urbanized Area Operating Statistics. Table 3: Agency Total All Modes Combined Unlinked Passenger Trips and passenger Miles (Data for NTD Report Year 2009).Livability/Optimism For homicide and burglary rates, see http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2010/crime-in-the-u.s.-2010/tables/10tbl08.xls/view. Note Indianapolis did not submit data in 2010 and 2009 data was used for homicide and burglary rates. For unemployment rates, see Bureau of Labor Statistics: http://www.bls.gov/lau/lacilg10.htm“ and for Pittsburgh, see American Fact Finder 2 (2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates | Pittsburgh city, PA) http://factfinder2.census.gov2010. confidential 23

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Zipcar 2012 Future Metropolis Award and Index

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Zipcar 2012 Future Metropolis Award and Index Presentation Transcript