8. 8
SOCIO-ECONOMIC APPROACHES
Corruption as the result of individual
rational decisions.
‘The abuse of public office for private gains’
(World Bank)
The misuse of entrusted power for private
gain (TI)
9. 9
SOCIO-ECONOMIC APPROACHES
Critiques:
Focusing on individual’s motivation
divorces him/ her from their community.
Assumes a shared understanding of ‘public
office’.
May explain corruption but very poor at
explaining integrity.
May explain corruption but very poor at
explaining integrity.
12. 12
TYPES OF CORRUPTION
Administrative corruption
Political corruption
Grand corruption
Petty corruption
Public corruption
13. 13
TYPES OF CORRUPTION
Administrative Corruption:
Alters the implication of policies.
Such as getting license even if he doesn’t
qualify for it
14. 14
TYPES OF CORRUPTION
Political Corruption:
Influences the formulation of laws,
regulation and polices.
Such as reworking all licenses and
gaining the sole right to operate the gas
station monopoly
15. 15
TYPES OF CORRUPTION
Grand Corruption:
Involve substantial amount of money
and usually high level officials
Such as Swiss accounts case and
Mehran bank scandal.
16. 16
TYPES OF CORRUPTION
Petty Corruption:
Involve a smaller sums and typically
more junior officials
• Petty
corruption
basically use in a low
level business
17. 17
TYPES OF CORRUPTION
Public Corruption:
Public office is misused
for private gain.
Such as police receive a
money for personal gain
and drop any criminal
offence.
19. 19
PREVENTIVE MEASURES : TI
Public & Private Sectors
Civil Society
Codes of Conduct
Transparency,
Integrity, &
Accountability
Integrity of Judiciary &
Prosecution Service
Prevention of
Money-Laundering
20. PREVENTION, INTEGRITY TOOLS
AND ACTIVITIES : TI
National Dialogue
Surveys
National Integrity Workshops
National Action
Enforce code of conduct
The Integrity Pledge
National Integrity Steering Committee
(NISC) &National Integrity Unit (NIU)
20
23. 23
RECOMMENDATIONS
Government Level
Prevent and combat corruption more
efficiently and effectively
International cooperation and technical
assistance including asset recovery by
Inter pole
Integrity,
accountability
and
proper
management of public affairs and property