Jatropha Curcas Oil: Miracle Plant for Small Villages in India

1. Jatropha curcas
Prof. K.S. Neelakantan, I.F.S.
Dean
Forest College & Research institute

2. BIODIESEL
Dr.Rudolf Diesel – 1895
– Peanut oil
The use of vegetable oils for
engine fuel may seem
insignificant today. But
such oils may become in
course of time as important
as petroleum and the coal
tar products of the present
time

3. Origin
South America & Africa
16th century – India – Portugese settlers.

4. Concept of Biodiesel
Soya based Biodiesel –U.S.A
Rape seed based biodiesel – German
Sunflower based biodiesel – France & U.K
Incentives & tax concessions are offered.

5. World Energy Consumption (in MOTE)
Country Oil Gas Coal Nuclear Hydro Total Per
capita
KG
USA 883 553 543 198 26 2205 8077
China 200 19 511 4.1 18 753 602
India 95 21 150 3.3 7 276 277
% 34 8 54 1.1 2.5 100
Africa 116 47 89 3.9 6 261 416
Japan 259 67 92 82 8 507 3995
World 3462 2064 2130 651 227 8537 1428

6. Indian Production and Import of Crude Oil (Million tones)
Year Production Import Total Import Cost
% Rs.
in Crores
1971 6.8 11.7 18.5 63 107
1981 10.5 16.2 26.7 61 3349
1991 33 20.7 53.7 39 6118
2001 32 57.9 89.9 64 30695
2002 32 73.5 105 70 90,000

7. Planning Commission - GoI
Vision
Phase I – Demonstration Project 2003-2007
Phase II – Self sustaining & expansion 2007-2012
IIM Ahamadabad Study –In Gujarat & Maharashtra
Jatropha is popular as soap oil

8. Planning Commission – GoI (Contd...)
Micro Mission
Forest land - Gujarat, Chatisgargh, Tamil Nadu, Tripura
50000/ha/state
Non-forest land - NOVOD Board, Ministry of Agrl. &
Cooperatives
Other lands - Other Dept. of Rural Development
Procurement of
Seed & oil extraction - KVIC
Transesterification,
Blending & Trade - IOC, Ministry of Petroleum
R&D - SAUs, I I Ts

9. TN Government
Initiatives

10. Forest College
&
Jatropha

11. Crop Mandate – 1992 onwards
Ongoing Projects
1. Afforestation of wasteland through
energy plantations – SLUB
2. NOVOD – Networking project on
Jatropha
3. University – Venture Capital
4. ICAR – Network Project on TBO’s
5. ICAR – Agroforestry
6. ICAR under utilized crop

12. Jatropha Cultivation
& Management
Propagation –
seeds & cuttings
Soil – wide range
Climate - arid & semi arid

13. Spacing –2x2m to 3x3m
Irrigation
Nil – with proper & well
distributed rainfall
Additional irrigation – need
based

14. Fertilizer Application
Organic – FYM – 5 kg/plant
Inorganic – 20g of urea
120 g super p
16 g m.o.p
Biofertilizers – Azo. 10 g
VAM 50 g

15. Pest and Disease
Pest – Defoliator
Disease
Nursery –
Damping off
Field – Root rot
Bavistin & COC

16. Yield
1st yield – 1st year
Harvestable yield – 3rd year
Economic yield – 5th year
Rainfed – 200 g to 2.5 kg
Irrigated – 500 g to 5 kg

17. Germplasm
Species collection
Jatropha curcas
Jatropha curcas (nontoxic)
J. curcas x J integrerrima
Jatropha gossypifolia
Jatropha glandulifera
Jatropha tanjorensis
Jatropha multifida
Jatropha podagrica
Jatropha integerrima

18. Seed sources – 19
Oil content - 26.6 to 35.5%
TNMC-6

19. Production and Supply of Quality
Planting Materials
State Agricultural Dept.
Horticultural Dept.
DRDA
Railways
NGO’s
Agroindustries & Farmers
1.5 lakhs seedlings have been
supplied

20. 1. Development of hybrids
2. Screening superior clones for higher
productivity, resistance and drought
tolerance
3. Developing strategies for mass
multiplication of superior cultivars
4. Development of non-toxic Jatropha
5. Production, supply & establishment
of bio-diesel park in every agro-
ecological zones

21. 6. Human Resource Development
Institute offers Trainings to
Farmers
Departmental Personnel
NGO’s and
Trainers Training Programme

22. 7. Short and long term consultancy to agro-based industries
and farmers

23. Requirement of Land for Jatropha
For Indian Railways
5% - 52,000 ha
10% - 1,04,000 ha
20% - 2,08,000 ha
For India
5% - 1.185 millionha
10% - 2.37 million ha
20% - 4.75 million ha

24. Cost of Cultivation / ha (TNAU)
Land Poor soil / Rainfed
Spacing 2 x 1.5
Density 3330
I II III
Land preparation 2000 0 0
Planting of seedlings 6600 0 0
@Rs.2/- per seedlings
Cost of FYM 0 0 0
Fertilizer 0 0 0
Irrigation 0 0 0
Weeding/ intercultivation/ 2000 2000 2000
harvesting
Total 10600 2000 2000

25. Cost of Cultivation / ha (NGO’s)
Seed
Land Normal Soil Fertile Soil
Spacing 2x2 2x3
Density 2500 1670
I Yr. II Yr. III Yr. I Yr. II Yr. III Yr.
Land 2000 0 0 1670 0 0
preparation
Planting of 5000 Rs.2/- 0 0 3330@Rs.2/- 0 0
seedlings per seedlings per seedlings
Cost of FYM 1500 0 0 1500 0 0
Fertilizer 0 2000 2000 0 2000 2000
Irrigation 2000 1500 1500 2000 1500 1500
Weeding/ 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
intercultivation/
harvesting
Total 12500 5500 5500 10500 5500 5500

26. Cost of Cultivation / ha (NGO’s)
Seedlings
Land Normal Fertile
Spacing 2x2 2x3
Density 2500 1670
I Yr. II Yr. III Yr. I Yr. II Yr. III Yr.
Land 2000 0 0 1670 0 0
preparation
Planting of 10000 Rs.4/- 0 0 8680 Rs.4/- 0 0
seedlings per seedlings* per seedlings*
Cost of FYM 1500 0 0 1500 0 0
Fertilizer 0 2000 2000 0 2000 2000
Irrigation 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000
Weeding/ 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500
intercultivation/
harvesting
Total 19000 7500 7500 17350 7500 7500
* May be subsidized @Rs.2/- per seedlings

27. Yield and Economic Projections
Poor Soil / Rainfed Normal Soil Fertile Soil
(TNAU) (NGO’s) (NGO’s)
Planting density 2 x 1.5 m 2x2m 2x3m
Population/ha 3330 2500 1670
Seed yield/plant (3rd year) 200 g (Unpruned) 1.00 kg 1.500 kg
Seed yield/ha 670 kg (Unpruned) 2500 kg 2500 kg
Oil kg – 30% 220 kg 830 kg 830 kg
Cake kg – 70% 450 kg 1670 kg 1670 kg
Revenue @ Rs.20/kg oil Rs.4400 Rs.16600 Rs.16600
Revenue @ Rs.5/kg cake Rs.2250 Rs.8350 Rs.8350
Gross Total Rs.6650 Rs.24950 Rs.24950

28. TNAU – Pilot Plant for Bio-diesel
Cost of plant - Rs. 1.5 lakhs
Capacity - 250 lit/day
Conversion efficiency - 99%
Bye product - Glycerol
Cost of production - Rs. 4 to 5 / lit
of bio-diesel

29. Effect on Rural Economy
Seed price – Rs.5/kg
Seed yield – 2000 – 3000 kg
5 ha plantations/Group
Rs.60,000 per year income
Gainful employment in rural sector
Contribution to national energy pool