Plegable DNA replication upb, Yolanda Henao

1. Yolanda Valderrama Henao
DNAREPLICATION

2. If we can understand the process of
DNA replication we can intervene in
copying errors that occur during
replication guaranteeing the patient a
better quality of life.
With the discovery of new proteins that
influence replication errors we can find
ways to prevent this so we can fight
cancers.
As we saw in class, the survival of an
organism depends on a successful
replication and if every day we are
working to understand this process and
to combat the agents that could
damage it be possible to reduce many
deaths.
these studies serve to support for
medicine and health patient and thanks
to research of dna replication we can
fight diseases that during history they
have finished the lives of many people
University of Geneva, Switzerland (2016, January 25). Scientists find how
APOBEC protein becomes dangerous when DNA replication process goes
wrong.
Retrived February 11,2016 from
h t t p : / / w w w . n e w s - m e d i c a l . n e t / n e w s / 2 0 1 6 0 1 2 5 / S c i e n -
tists-find-how-APOBEC-protein-becomes-dangerous-when-DNA-replication-pr
ocess-goes-wrong.aspx
National Institutes of Health, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brookhaven Lab
Biology Department(2016, February 8). Scientists propose 'pumpjack'
mechanism for splitting and copying DNA.
Retrived February 11,2016 from
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-02/dnl-sp020416.php
MARTINEZ SÁNCHEZ, Lina María. Biología molecular. 8va. ed. Medellín: UPB.
Fac. de Medicina, 2015. 108 p.
Medical utility Bibliography
Yolanda Valderrama Henao
DNAREPLICATION

3. Introduction
Scientists find how APOBEC
protein becomes dangerous when
DNA replication process goes wrong
Published on January 25, 2016 at 1:26 AM
Student obsrevation Student obsrevation
Scientists propose 'pumpjack' mechanism for
splitting and copying DNA
PUBLIC RELEASE: 8-FEB-2016
The correct DNA replication is a process that ensures the
stability of an organism, an error in the replication leads to
mutations and generate permanent damage to the DNA that is
why is so important to study this process.
A group of Swedish and Russian
scientists led by Sergey Nikolaev, a
geneticist at the University of Geneva,
Switzerland, argue that the APOBEC
protein that normally functions as a
protective agent against viral infection
takes advantage of a weakness in the
process of DNA replication to enter
mutations in the genome.
APOBEC protein fight against virus, it
has only the power of modifying single
stranded DNA-viral DNA being
frequently single-stranded.
The human DNA is double stranded
should not be altered but researchers
found that APOBEC induced many
tumor cells mutations in the genome,
they propose that 20% of these
mutations was originated from an
anormality in DNA, and the other 80%
found that the protein APOBEC Takes
advantage of the moment when the
lagging strand remains single to
mutations.
The scientists studied the proteins in
yeast cells that has many characteris-
tics with human cells, that providing a
new vision of the replication process
and when and how can go wrong.
The scientists produced high-resolu-
tion images of the helicase using a
technique known as cryo-electron
microscopy (cryo-EM).
They Used computer software to sort
out the images revealed that the
helicase has two distinct
conformations-one with components
stacked in a compact way, and one
where part of the structure is tilted
relative to a more "fixed" base.
One of the scientists said that one part
of the helicase binds and releases
energy from a molecule called ATP. It
converts the chemical energy into a
mechanical force that changes the
shape of the helicase.After kicking out
the spent ATP, the helicase complex
goes back to its original shape so a
new ATP molecule can come in and
start the process again.
.
"It looks and operates similar to an old
style pumpjack oil rig, with one part of
the protein complex forming a stable
platform, and another part rocking back
and forth," And the rocking motion
pushes the DNA strands separate and
move the double helix helicase in a
linear fashion.
The correct DNA replication is a
process that ensures the stability of an
organism, an error in the replication
leads to mutations and generate
permanent damage to the DNA that is
why is so important to study this
process.
.
In APOBEC cancers, mutations occur
very early in the process of replication
and affect important genes.
The scientists will continue their
research to better understand how
tumorous cells replicate their DNA
differently from healthy cells.
I found very interesting that there are
new studies on the process of
replication and a protein that normally
functions as a protective agent is now
involved in this process causing cancer
and DNA damage.

4. Introduction
The correct DNA replication is a process that ensures the
stability of an organism, an error in the replication leads to
mutations and generate permanent damage to the DNA that is
why is so important to study this process.
Introduction
Scientists find how APOBEC
protein becomes dangerous when
DNA replication process goes wrong
Published on January 25, 2016 at 1:26 AM
Student obsrevation Student obsrevation
Scientists propose 'pumpjack' mechanism for
splitting and copying DNA
PUBLIC RELEASE: 8-FEB-2016
The correct DNA replication is a process that ensures the
stability of an organism, an error in the replication leads to
mutations and generate permanent damage to the DNA that is
why is so important to study this process.
A group of Swedish and Russian
scientists led by Sergey Nikolaev, a
geneticist at the University of Geneva,
Switzerland, argue that the APOBEC
protein that normally functions as a
protective agent against viral infection
takes advantage of a weakness in the
process of DNA replication to enter
mutations in the genome.
APOBEC protein fight against virus, it
has only the power of modifying single
stranded DNA-viral DNA being
frequently single-stranded.
The human DNA is double stranded
should not be altered but researchers
found that APOBEC induced many
tumor cells mutations in the genome,
they propose that 20% of these
mutations was originated from an
anormality in DNA, and the other 80%
found that the protein APOBEC Takes
advantage of the moment when the
lagging strand remains single to
mutations.
The scientists studied the proteins in
yeast cells that has many
characteristics with human cells, that
providing a new vision of the replication
process and when and how can go
wrong.
The scientists produced
high-resolution images of the helicase
using a technique known as
cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM).
They Used computer software to sort
out the images revealed that the
helicase has two distinct
conformations-one with components
stacked in a compact way, and one
where part of the structure is tilted
relative to a more "fixed" base.
One of the scientists said that one part
of the helicase binds and releases
energy from a molecule called ATP. It
converts the chemical energy into a
mechanical force that changes the
shape of the helicase.After kicking out
the spent ATP, the helicase complex
goes back to its original shape so a
new ATP molecule can come in and
start the process again.
.
"It looks and operates similar to an old
style pumpjack oil rig, with one part of
the protein complex forming a stable
platform, and another part rocking back
and forth," And the rocking motion
pushes the DNA strands separate and
move the double helix helicase in a
linear fashion.
The correct DNA replication is a
process that ensures the stability of an
organism, an error in the replication
leads to mutations and generate
permanent damage to the DNA that is
why is so important to study this
process.
.
In APOBEC cancers, mutations occur
very early in the process of replication
and affect important genes.
The scientists will continue their
research to better understand how
tumorous cells replicate their DNA
differently from healthy cells.
I found very interesting that there are
new studies on the process of
replication and a protein that normally
functions as a protective agent is now
involved in this process causing cancer
and DNA damage.

5. Scientists find how APOBEC
protein becomes dangerous when
DNA replication process goes wrong
Published on January 25, 2016 at 1:26 AM
Introduction
Scientists find how APOBEC
protein becomes dangerous when
DNA replication process goes wrong
Published on January 25, 2016 at 1:26 AM
Student obsrevation S
Scientists propose 'pum
splitting and c
PUBLIC RELEAS
The correct DNA replication is a process that ensures the
stability of an organism, an error in the replication leads to
mutations and generate permanent damage to the DNA that is
why is so important to study this process.
A group of Swedish and Russian
scientists led by Sergey Nikolaev, a
geneticist at the University of Geneva,
Switzerland, argue that the APOBEC
protein that normally functions as a
protective agent against viral infection
takes advantage of a weakness in the
process of DNA replication to enter
mutations in the genome.
APOBEC protein fight against virus, it
has only the power of modifying single
stranded DNA-viral DNA being
frequently single-stranded.
The human DNA is double stranded
should not be altered but researchers
found that APOBEC induced many
tumor cells mutations in the genome,
they propose that 20% of these
mutations was originated from an
anormality in DNA, and the other 80%
found that the protein APOBEC Takes
advantage of the moment when the
lagging strand remains single to
mutations.
The scientists studied the proteins in
yeast cells that has many
characteristics with human cells, that
providing a new vision of the replication
process and when and how can go
wrong.
The scientists produced
high-resolution images of the helicase
using a technique known as
cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM).
They Used computer software to sort
out the images revealed that the
helicase has two distinct
conformations-one with components
stacked in a compact way, and one
where part of the structure is tilted
relative to a more "fixed" base.
One of the scientists said that one part
of the helicase binds and releases
energy from a molecule called ATP. It
converts the chemical energy into a
mechanical force that changes the
shape of the helicase.After kicking out
the spent ATP, the helicase complex
goes back to its original shape so a
new ATP molecule can come in and
start the process again.
.
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.
In APOBEC cancers, mutations occur
very early in the process of replication
and affect important genes.
The scientists will continue their
research to better understand how
tumorous cells replicate their DNA
differently from healthy cells.
I found very interesting that there are
new studies on the process of
replication and a protein that normally
functions as a protective agent is now
involved in this process causing cancer
and DNA damage.

6. Scientists find how APOBEC
protein becomes dangerous when
DNA replication process goes wrong
Published on January 25, 2016 at 1:26 AM
APOBEC protein fight against virus, it has only the power of
modifying single stranded DNA-viral DNA being frequently
single-stranded.

7. Scientists find how APOBEC
protein becomes dangerous when
DNA replication process goes wrong
Published on January 25, 2016 at 1:26 AM
The scientists will continue their research to better unders-
tand how tumorous cells replicate their DNA differently from
healthy cells.

8. Scientists propose 'pumpjack' mechanism for
splitting and copying DNA
PUBLIC RELEASE: 8-FEB-2016
Introduction
Scientists find how APOBEC
protein becomes dangerous when
DNA replication process goes wrong
Published on January 25, 2016 at 1:26 AM
Student obsrevation Student obsrevation
Scientists propose 'pumpjack' mechanism for
splitting and copying DNA
PUBLIC RELEASE: 8-FEB-2016
The correct DNA replication is a process that ensures the
stability of an organism, an error in the replication leads to
mutations and generate permanent damage to the DNA that is
why is so important to study this process.
A group of Swedish and Russian
scientists led by Sergey Nikolaev, a
geneticist at the University of Geneva,
Switzerland, argue that the APOBEC
protein that normally functions as a
protective agent against viral infection
takes advantage of a weakness in the
process of DNA replication to enter
mutations in the genome.
APOBEC protein fight against virus, it
has only the power of modifying single
stranded DNA-viral DNA being
frequently single-stranded.
The human DNA is double stranded
should not be altered but researchers
found that APOBEC induced many
tumor cells mutations in the genome,
they propose that 20% of these
mutations was originated from an
anormality in DNA, and the other 80%
found that the protein APOBEC Takes
advantage of the moment when the
lagging strand remains single to
mutations.
The scientists studied the proteins in
yeast cells that has many
characteristics with human cells, that
providing a new vision of the replication
process and when and how can go
wrong.
The scientists produced
high-resolution images of the helicase
using a technique known as
cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM).
They Used computer software to sort
out the images revealed that the
helicase has two distinct
conformations-one with components
stacked in a compact way, and one
where part of the structure is tilted
relative to a more "fixed" base.
One of the scientists said that one part
of the helicase binds and releases
energy from a molecule called ATP. It
converts the chemical energy into a
mechanical force that changes the
shape of the helicase.After kicking out
the spent ATP, the helicase complex
goes back to its original shape so a
new ATP molecule can come in and
start the process again.
.
"It looks and operates similar to an old
style pumpjack oil rig, with one part of
the protein complex forming a stable
platform, and another part rocking back
and forth," And the rocking motion
pushes the DNA strands separate and
move the double helix helicase in a
linear fashion.
The correct DNA replication is a
process that ensures the stability of an
organism, an error in the replication
leads to mutations and generate
permanent damage to the DNA that is
why is so important to study this
process.
.
In APOBEC cancers, mutations occur
very early in the process of replication
and affect important genes.
The scientists will continue their
research to better understand how
tumorous cells replicate their DNA
differently from healthy cells.
I found very interesting that there are
new studies on the process of
replication and a protein that normally
functions as a protective agent is now
involved in this process causing cancer
and DNA damage.

9. They Used computer software to sort out the images revea-
led that the helicase has two distinct conformations-one with
components stacked in a compact way, and one where part
of the structure is tilted relative to a more "fixed" base.
Scientists propose 'pumpjack' mechanism for
splitting and copying DNA
PUBLIC RELEASE: 8-FEB-2016

10. "It looks and operates similar to an old style pumpjack oil rig,
with one part of the protein complex forming a stable
platform, and another part rocking back and forth," And the
rocking motion pushes the DNA strands separate and move
the double helix helicase in a linear fashion.
Scientists propose 'pumpjack' mechanism for
splitting and copying DNA
PUBLIC RELEASE: 8-FEB-2016

11. Medical utility
If we can understand the process of
DNA replication we can intervene in
copying errors that occur during
replication guaranteeing the patient a
better quality of life.
With the discovery of new proteins that
influence replication errors we can find
ways to prevent this so we can fight
cancers.
As we saw in class, the survival of an
organism depends on a successful
replication and if every day we are
working to understand this process and
to combat the agents that could
damage it be possible to reduce many
deaths.
these studies serve to support for
medicine and health patient and thanks
to research of dna replication we can
fight diseases that during history they
have finished the lives of many people
University of Geneva, Switzerland (2016, January 25). Scientists find how
APOBEC protein becomes dangerous when DNA replication process goes
wrong.
Retrived February 11,2016 from
h t t p : / / w w w . n e w s - m e d i c a l . n e t / n e w s / 2 0 1 6 0 1 2 5 / S c i e n -
tists-find-how-APOBEC-protein-becomes-dangerous-when-DNA-replication-pr
ocess-goes-wrong.aspx
National Institutes of Health, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brookhaven Lab
Biology Department(2016, February 8). Scientists propose 'pumpjack'
mechanism for splitting and copying DNA.
Retrived February 11,2016 from
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-02/dnl-sp020416.php
MARTINEZ SÁNCHEZ, Lina María. Biología molecular. 8va. ed. Medellín: UPB.
Fac. de Medicina, 2015. 108 p.
Medical utility Bibliography

12. If we can understand the process of DNA replication we can
intervene in copying errors that occur during replication
guaranteeing the patient a better quality of life.
Medical utility

13. As we saw in class, the survival of an organism depends on
a successful replication and if every day we are working to
understand this process and to combat the agents that could
damage it be possible to reduce many deaths.
Medical utility

14. University of Geneva, Switzerland (2016, January 25). Scientists find how APOBEC protein becomes dangerous
when DNA replication process goes wrong.
Retrived February 11,2016 from
h t t p : / / w w w . n e w s - m e d i c a l . n e t / n e w s / 2 0 1 6 0 1 2 5 / S c i e n -
tists-find-how-APOBEC-protein-becomes-dangerous-when-DNA-replication-process-goes-wrong.aspx
National Institutes of Health, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brookhaven Lab Biology Department(2016,
February 8). Scientists propose 'pumpjack' mechanism for splitting and copying DNA.
Retrived February 11,2016 from
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-02/dnl-sp020416.php
MARTINEZ SÁNCHEZ, Lina María. Biología molecular. 8va. ed. Medellín: UPB. Fac. de Medicina, 2015. 108 p.
Bibliography

15. http://www.sciencephoto.com/