Pejabat agama islam klang

BANGUNAN LAMA PEJABATAGAMA ISLAM DAERAH KLANG

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Declaration
Bangunan Lama Pejabat Agama Islam Daerah Klang (PAID)
Address: Pejabat Agama Klang, Jalan Dato Hamzah, Kawasan 1, 41000 Klang, Selangor
This reportis submitted for the subject ARC 1215 / ARC60305 Methods of Documentation and Measured Drawings to School of
Architecture.Building.Design ofTaylor’s University to obtain 5 credits for Practicum 1.
It is a group effort by:
Leader :
Andrew Chee Kiong
Chee Man Shing 0316202
Group Members:
Chan Pin Qi 0314676
Cheah Hoong Fei 0311690
Chuah Wei Hong 0310900
Jolene Hor Wei Fern 0313751
Lim Yee Qun 0319121
Lim Yu Jie 0311904
Ling Yuan Ming 0318758
Low Jia Cheng 0314883
Rahmat Aidil Maula 0311462
Renee Lim Wei Fen 0311016
See Cul Wei 0310751
Sharon Wong 0311448
Tan Wen Yee 0315155
Tan Youen 0310344
Toh Chee Cheng 0311122
Vendy William 0316944
Wong Peak Ky 1101A13474
Yap Zhong Lin 0310557
Yeo Kai Xin 0317446
Pua Zhi Qin 0314073
Bachelor ofScience (Honours) (Architecture)
January 2015
Taylor’s University
Supervised by:
Ms Ida Mazlan

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Acknowledgement
Our whole group would like to extend our gratitude to the
lectures who were responsible for organizing and conducting this
module for this short semester as we have gained a lot through this
module. The 21 of us would like to single out our tutor, Ms Ida for
guiding us, supporting us through this short semester and supervising
us on site to make sure of our safety.
We would also like to thanks PADAT for giving us the
opportunity to carry outour projectatthe old building ofPejabatAgama
Islam Daerah Klang (PAID) by granting us access to the building
throughout our project. Also, we would like to thank the guards on site
who keptan eye on us and informed aboutthe dangerous areas so that
we can safely measure the building. We would also like to thank Encik
Hisham from PADAT for being cooperative with us and giving us as
much information as possible about the building.
This projectand reportwill not be possible ifnotfor the team work
and cooperation from all 21 group members in this team.
Figure0.01GroupPictureon Site

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Introduction to Research
This report documents the overall information and date
obtained from Measured Drawings activity on site which is the Old
Pejabat Agama Islam Daerah Klang Building at Jalan Dato Hamzah.
Built over a century ago, this building has a lotofhistorical value. In the
process of measuring this building for conservation purposes, the
condition ofthe building as well as the architecture of the building was
analysed and documented. There are many styles that are adopted in
the building,one ofwhich is Palladian Architecture. The elements ofthe
building can be observed from the façade of the building although the
façade has undergone some changes through the years. Since it had
many over previously, the building was renovated and refurbished
several times to suit the user of the building.

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Content Page
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background Study
1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Aims and Objective
1.4 Scope and Limitations
1.4.4 Scope
1.4.2 Limitation
1.5 Research Methodology
1.5.1 Measuring Instruments and Techniques
1.5.2 Research Techniques
2.0 Historical Background
2.1 Selangor
2.2 Klang
2.2.1 Origin Of Name
2.2.2 History Of Klang
2.3 Jalan Dato Hamzah
2.3.1 Old Charted Bank Building
2.3.2 The Royal Gallery
2.3.3 Klang Railway Station
2.3.4 Klang Primary School
2.3.5 Gedung Raja Abdullah
2.4 Ownership of the Building
3.0 Design
3.1 Colonial Architecture Influence
3.2 Palladian Architecture Influence
3.3 Islamic Architecture Influence
3.4 Malay Architecture Influence
3.5 Architecture Elements
3.6 External Changes of the Building
4.0 Spatial Organization and Function
4.1 1912, As Palace
4.1.1 Public Spaces
4.1.2 Semi-Private Spaces
4.1.3 Private Spaces
4.2 1965, As Office – Abandon (2012)
4.2.1 Public Spaces On The Ground Floor

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4.2.2 Semi-Private Spaces On The Ground Floor
4.2.3 Private Spaces On The Ground Floor
4.2.4 Public Spaces On The First Floor
4.2.5 Semi-Private Spaces On The First Floor
4.2.3 Private Spaces On The First Floor
5.0 Construction
6.0 Defects of Building
6.1 Stains
6.1.1 Water
6.1.2 Alage
6.2 Holes
6.2.1 Ground
6.2.2 Walls
6.2.3 Ceiling
6.3 Cracks
7.0 Reference
8.0 Glossary
9.0 Appendix
10.0 Scaled Drawings

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List Of Figures
Figure 0.01 Group Picture on Site
Figure 1.01 Laser Measuring Tool
Figure 1.02 30 Metres Nylon Measuring Tape
Figure 1.03 Measuring Tape
Figure 1.04 Ruler and Strings
Figure 1.05 Ladder
Figure 1.06 Crane On Site
Figure 1.07 Camera
Figure 1.08 Graph Paper
Figure 2.01 Indication of Selangor Map in Peninsular Malaysia
Figure 2.02 Indication of Klang on the Selangor Map
Figure 2.03 Klang Map in 1901
Figure 2.04 Old Picture ofPort Klang
Figure 2.05 New Picture of Port Klang
Figure 2.06 Old Picture ofKlang River
Figure 2.07 Old Picture ofKlang River at Masjid Jamek
Figure 2.08 New Picture of Klang River at Masjid Jamek
Figure 2.09 The Indian Boutique
Figure 2.10 The Royal Gallery in the Past
Figure 2.11 The Royal Gallery in the Present
Figure 2.12 The Railway Station in the Past
Figure 2.13 The Railway Station in the Present
Figure 2.14 Klang Primary School
Figure 2.15 Gedung Raja Abdullah in the Past
Figure 2.16 Gedung Raja Abdullah in the Present
Figure 2.17 Palace ofSultan Sir Allaeddin Sulaiman
Figure 2.18 Sultan Sir Allaeddin Sulaiman
Figure 2.19 Invasion ofJapanese in Malaya
Figure 2.20 First JAIS office building.
Figure 2.21 Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah Alhaj
Figure 2.22 PAID Office before Refurbishment
Figure 2.23 PAID Office after Refurbishment
Figure 3.01 Resting Palace at BukitZahara, Johor
Figure 3.02 Colonial Bungalow in Perak
Figure 3.03 Colonial Style that can be seen on the Façade ofthe Old
PAID Building.
Figure 3.04 Emo Court, Ireland
Figure 3.05 Islamic Architecture on a Colonial Building.
Figure 3.06 Istana Kenanagan, Perak
Figure 3.07 Plan Perspective OfIstana Kenangan, Perak
Figure 3.08 Balai Besar, Alor Setar
Figure 3.09 Façade ofthe Old PAID Building.
Figure 3.10 Corinthian Columns on the façade of the Old PAID
Building.
Figure 3.11 Traditional Malay Style Columns on the façade ofthe Old
PAID Building.
Figure 3.12 Portico at the Front of the Building
Figure 3.13 Portico at the Back of the Building
Figure 3.14 Horseshoe Arches atthe Portico
Figure 3.15 Balustrade located below the arches
Figure 3.16 Bed-Mould
Figure 3.17 Corona
Figure 3.18 Cornices around Klang Islamic Religious Office
Figure 3.19 Old photo ofPejabatAgama Islam
Figure 3.20 Sisip Angins
Figure 3.21 Double Shutter Casement Window
Figure 3.22 Louvered Window
Figure 3.23 Aluminium Top Hung Window
Figure 3.24 Single Panelled Door

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Figure 3.25 Double Panelled Door
Figure 3.26 Double Flushed Door
Figure 3.27 Single Flushed Door
Figure 3.28 Customized Flsuhed Door
Figure 3.29 Glass entrance door type 'A'
Figure 1.30 Steel Door Gate at the front staircase
Figure 3.31 Winding Half-turn Stair
Figure 3.32 Quarter- Turn Stairs
Figure 3.33 Wire Mesh
Figure 3.34 Timber Stairs
Figure 3.35 Picture ofPAID circa 1980
Figure 3.36 Picture ofPAID in 2012
Figure 3.37 Royal Palace for Sultan ofSelangor
Figure 3.38 Renovated phase after Japanese colonization
Figure 3.39 PresentKlang Islamic Religious Office
Figure 3.40 Windows before modern age
Figure 3.41 Windows after renovation
Figure 3.42 Air-Conditioner
Figure 3.43 Exposed Balustrade before renovation.
Figure 3.44 Closed offbalustrade
Figure 3.45 Back porch before modern age
Figure 3.46 Back porch after renovation
Figure 3.47 Front porch before the modern age
Figure 3.48 Front porch after renovation
Figure 3.49 Closed-offarch
Figure 3.50 Side entrance
Figure 3.51 Glass window
Figure 4.01 Istana Bandar, Jugra
Figure 4.02 Istana Kenangan, Kuala Kangsar
Figure 4.03 Istana Kenangan Plan Perspective
Figure 5.01 Concrete Floor Slab
Figure 5.02 Timber Floor Slab
Figure 5.03 Underside ofFloor Structure
Figure 5.04 Concrete Floor Slab that were previously carpeted
Figure 5.05 Flemish Bond Arrangementon the Building
Figure 5.06 English Bond Arrangementon the Building
Figure 5.07 Retaining Wall found at lower ground level
Figure 5.08 Suspended Ceiling
Figure 5.09 Suspended decorative plaster ceiling
Figure 5.10 Figure Ceiling timber joistconnected to rooftrusses
Figure 5.11 Gable Roof
Figure 5.12 Gambrel Roof
Figure 5.13 Pratt Truss
Figure 5.14 Belgian trusses.
Figure 6.01 Water Stain A1
Figure 6.05 Algae Stain B1, Interior
Figure 6.06 Algae Stain B1, Interior, Close Up
Figure 6.07 Algae Stain B1, Exterior
Figure 6.08 Algae Stain B1, Exterior, Close Up
Figure 6.09 Algae Stain B2
Figure 6.10 Algae Stain B2, Close Up
Figure 6.11 Hole on the Ground
Figure 6.12 Hole on the Ground C1 (1)
Figure 6.16 Hole on the Wall D1

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Figure 6.17 Hole on the Wall D1, Close Up
Figure 6.22 Hole on the Wall D4 and D5
Figure 6.32 Hole on the Ceiling E1
Figure 6.35 Hole on the Ceiling E3, Close Up
Figure 6.39 Hole on the Ceiling E6, Close Up
Figure 6.41 Crack F1
Figure 6.43 Crack F2, Close Up
Figure9.1 Plandidby PADAT in 2003
Figure9.2 PicturesObtainedfrom JAIS

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List Of Diagrams
Diagram 2.01 Indication of Core Zone and Buffer Zone
Diagram 2.02 Indication of Significant Buildings at Jalan Dato Hamzah
Diagram 2.03 Timeline ofthe Ownership ofthe Building
Diagram 3.01 Plan of Hercules Victor Temple, Forum Boarium,
Roman.
Diagram 3.02 Plan of Parthenon, on the Acropolis ofAthens, Greece.
Diagram 3.03 Plan of PejabatAgama Islam Daerah Klang.
Diagram 3.04 Symmetry Plan of PejabatAgama Islam Daerah Klang.
Diagram 3.05 Location ofColumns
Diagram 3.06 Location ofPortico
Diagram 3.07 Location ofHorseshoe Arches
Diagram 3.08 Location ofNagsh Ventilation Panels
Diagram 3.09 Location ofSisip Angins
Diagram 3.10 Location ofDouble Shutter CasementWindow on First
Floor
Diagram 3.11 Location ofGlass Louvered Window on FirstFloor
Diagram 3.12 Location ofAluminium Top Hung Window on First Floor
Diagram 3.13 Location ofPanelled Door on Ground Floor
Diagram 3.14 Location ofPanelled Door on First Floor
Diagram 3.15 Location ofFlush Door on Ground Floor
Diagram 3.16 Location ofFlush Door on First Floor
Diagram 3.17 Location ofFlush Door at Basement
Diagram 3.18 Location ofGlass Entrance Door at Ground Floor
Diagram 3.19 Location ofGrill Door on the Ground Floor
Diagram 3.20 Location ofWinding Half-turn Stair on the Ground Floor
Diagram 3.21 Location ofQuarter - Turn Stairs on the Ground Floor
Diagram 4.01 Istana Bandar Ground Floor Plan
Diagram 4.02 Istana Bandar First Floor Plan
Diagram 4.03 Public Spaces ofthe Palace
Diagram 4.04 Possibility Area for Meeting Room
Diagram 4.05 Semi Private Area ofPalace
Diagram 4.06 Private Area of Palace
Diagram 4.07 PAID Office Space Planning on the Ground Floor
Diagram 4.08 PAID Office Space Planning on First Floor
Diagram 4.09 PAID Office Public Space on Ground Floor (1)
Diagram 4.09 PAID Office Public Space on Ground Floor (2)
Diagram 4.10 PAID Office Semi-Private Space on Ground Floor
Diagram 4.11 PAID Office Private Space on Ground Floor (1)
Diagram 4.12 PAID Office Private Space on Ground Floor (2)
Diagram 4.13 PAID Office Public Space on FirstFloor
Diagram 4.14 PAID Office Semi-Private Space on FirstFloor
Diagram 4.15 PAID Office Private Space on FirstFloor
Diagram 5.01 Area that uses Timber Floor Slab
Diagram 5.02 Timber Floor JoistConstruction
Diagram 5.03 Drawing of Timber Floor in PAID
Diagram 5.04 Area that uses Concrete Floor Slab
Diagram 5.05 Flemish Bond Arrangement
Diagram 5.06 Flemish Bond Arrangement
Diagram 5.07 Area that has Suspended Ceiling
Diagram 5.08 Dropped Ceiling Support
Diagram 5.09 Location ofSuspended Decorative Plaster Ceiling
Diagram 5.10 Location ofPlasterboard Lined Timber JoistCeiling
Diagram 5.11 Construction ofplasterboard ceiling
Diagram 5.12 Position ofGable Roof.
Diagram 5.13 Position ofGambrel Roof.
Diagram 5.14 Gambrel Roof Construction.
Diagram 5.15 Position ofPratt Truss.
Diagram 5.16 Simple Drawing of Pratt Truss
Diagram 5.17 Position ofBelgian Truss

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Diagram 5.18 Drawing Of Belgian Truss in PAID
Diagram 6.01 Water Stains on Ground Floor
Diagram 6.02 Water Stains on First Floor
Diagram 6.03 Algae Stains on Ground Floor
Diagram 6.04 Algae Stains on First Floor
Diagram 6.05 Ground Holes on Ground Floor
Diagram 6.06 Ground Holes on First Floor
Diagram 6.07 Wall Holes on Ground Floor
Diagram 6.08 Wall Holes on FirstFloor
Diagram 6.09 Ceiling Holes on Ground Floor
Diagram 6.10 Ceiling Holes on First Floor
Diagram 6.11 Cracks on Ground Floor
Diagram 6.12 Location ofWeak Area on First Floor

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1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background Study
The Old Pejabat Agama Islam Daerah Klang (PAID) Building is
located in the vincity of Klang in Selangor. This building has a lot of
historical values as it was built in 1912, which was before the World
War. One thing unique about the building is that throughout the years,
ithad differentfunctions. The entire structure is builtup is about218,924
square meters. The building is 3 stories including a basement. The
building faces the Dato' Hamzah road which interconnects it to the
Klang railway station and other major roads.
Initially, itwas a resting palace ofthe fifth sultan ofKlang.It was
then taken over by the Japanese during the colonial era in Malaysia.
After the Japanese were defeated,the building was reused as a lodging
house until was taken over to be used as a municipal office for Klang.
After the office was relocated, it was used as Klang Islamic Religious
Office. It was then handed to Perbadanan Adat Melayu Dan Warisan
Selangor (PADAT) to be renovated and conserved as a historical
building.
This report documents the history of the buildings, its
architecture and design, the construction and also the evolution of the
building. The report will also cover how the building is influences the
surrounding.

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1.2 Problem Statement
This building has existed for more than 100 years and has
been left abandon for 2 years after PAID moved out and the building
was taken over by PADAT in 2012 to be preserved. The condition of
the building is notthat bad eventhoughithas beenaround for 100 years
as it has been maintained and renovated over the years and also since
ithas only beenvacantfor 2 years.However,there were afew problems
about the building that caused some problems during this project.
Among the problems were the condition ofsome parts of the
building that were no longer safe to access. This is due to the rotting of
construction material that made some rooms to have weak slabs and
not being able to withstand heavy loads. It made it dangerous for us to
take the measurement of some corners of the certain rooms.
Also, since this building has been abandoned, there is no
electricity. Some rooms have no opening thus no natural lighting that
caused the room to be very dark even during the broad daylight. This
caused us to have a disadvantage in taking precise measurementas
we were not able to see as clear as we should be.
On top of that, due to the poor workmanship and materials
used in the pass to restore and renovated the building, such as
plastering, there were some difference of measurements on parts that
were supposed to be the same such as the thickness of columns and
walls. Also some ofthe parts of the building that were supposed to be
symmetrical did nothave the same measurements such as the arc and
height of the columns that support the arcs.

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1.3 Aims and Objectives
The aim of our Measured Drawings projectis for us to develop
and understanding on the principles of preserving buildings and
documenting our findings with three different methods; measured
drawings, written documentation and also a video documentation. For
measured drawings, we are to documenthistorically and architecturally
significant buildings in the form of as-built drawings. The task requires
10 to 20 students per group that involve field works consisting
measuring technique such as photographing, sketches, use of
theodolite and measuring tape. The outcomes of the subject are
collections ofplans,sections, elevations,details and axonometric views
/ models; complemented with a report that explains about the
background, history, concept, style,construction and ornamentation of
buildings.
The aim of this reportis to documentall our findings as well and
documentall our researched done onthis building forfuture references.

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1.4 Scope and Limitation
1.4.1 Scope
We were to measure the building from corner to corner to get
accurate dimensions of each space. Also, we had to measure the
exterior elevations and some interior elevation to draw the section of
the building
We were also to do a thorough research on the building that we
are measuring to find more information on the building. Not just its
historical background butalso its construction details and the influences
on the design concepts such as Palladian Architecture, Malay
Architecture and Islamic Architecture.
1.4.2 Limitation
As we were unable to reachto measure some ofthe higher areas
ofthe building with a laddaersuchas the elevationofthe building,there
was a crane on site to enable us to take measurements.However,there
were some parts that we still could not take measurements of as we
could not reach that point such as the roof and some intricate details.
To overcome this problem, we took eye level photograph and scaled it
then traced it with AutoCad. This technique was also used to draft out
some ornamental detailing that we could not measure.
Also, as we did our research for this building, we could not
find as much information as we expected to. This was because this
building is notvery well known in the pastto begin with as it was just a
resting palace of the fifth Sultan of Klang, who had other palace that
were more prominent. Also, there were notmuch data documented and
kept about this building to be found on the internet as well as the
national archive. Not many people around the area knew much about
the building as well. We had to rely on our own analysis based on other
similar buildings we found during our research.

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1.5 Research Methodology
1.5.1 Measuring Instruments and Techniques
 Laser measuring tool.
Two units of this tool was loaned to each group by our university to
measure measurements accurately. Example of types of
measurements taken by this tool was the height of the ceilings, the
distance of columns to columns and other measurement that had a
further distance. This tool made it easier and accurate to take
measurements.
 30 Metres Nylon Measuring Tape
One unit of this tool was also loaned to each group by our university to
measure distance that were too far to measure with a standard 3-8
metre measuring tape.Since itwas made ifnylon,flexible and was easy
to use. We could also measure arcs and curvy details.
Figure1.01Laser MeasuringTool
Figure1.0230 MetresNylon MeasuringTape

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 Measuring tape
Since we were only given one unitof the 30 M Nylon Measuring Tape,
we brought our own measuring tape. This was the most general tool
that was used on site and everyone each own a unit. The measuring
tape ranged from 3M to 8M.
 Ruler and Strings
We also used rulers to measure small details that did not require such
long measuring tape. We also used strings to measure the diameter of
certain cylindrical columns.
 Ladder
We broughta ladderto site to reach areas that was too highto measure
such as the details on the higher part of the walls and beams.
Figure1.03MeasuringTape
Figure1.04Rulerand Strings
Figure1.05Ladder

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 Crane
There was a crane on site on the fourth day to assist us with our job.
Using the cranes, we were able to take measurements of areas that
was even too high to reach even with a ladder.
 Camera
We had a few units of DLSR cameras on site to take pictures of the
building for documentation and report purposes to be used as future
reference.We also used the camera to take eye levelimagesfordetails
that were too intricate and complicated to be scaled and traced using
Auto Cad.
 Graft Paper
We used graft paper to roughly draw the plan before measuring to take
note on the measurements. The grid was used as a guild line as we
took measurements so that it would look proportionate and would be
easy to understand.
Figure1.06 CraneOn Site
Figure1.07Camera
Figure1.08GraphPaper

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We dividedourselvesinto 7subgroups during the site survey and
measurements. Each group consisted of3 people. We also divided the
spaced in the building into 6 spaces. Three on the ground floor and
three on the first floor. Each subgroup was in charge ofmeasuring each
space while one group was in charge of measuring the exterior
elevation.
Firstly, we measured and manually drafted the plan of each
space assigned to our subgroup. Then Auto Cad was used to turn the
plans into digitally draft drawings. Once done, we started looking more
into the details of the building and taking measurements of those
details. We also determined the section lines that would bestshow our
building details. Once some of the subgroup that were measuring the
interior space were done with their task, they helped out the team that
was measuring the exterior as they needed more help.

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1.5.2 Research Techniques
We conducted our research through a various methods to getas
much information as possibleand also to make sure thatthe information
that we get is reliable and accurate.
 Site Survey
During the 5 day site visit, a survey on the surrounding of the building
was done. We came to learn more about the location and why it was
chosen as a site to build a palace initially. Also we learn about how the
building was influenced by the surrounding.We also visited a few ofthe
significant building around the old PAID building along the street such
as the old chartered bank building,the railway station and also the royal
gallery.
 Interview
Besides doing a site survey by ourselves, to understand the history, the
surrounding and the building better, an interview sessions with some of
the old localworkers were conducted since they were more familiar and
had a deeper understanding of the area.
 Internet
The internet was used to find reliable sites to find further information.
The information that was found online were mainly on the historical
background of the building. Also some useful similar examples to our
building that could be used as a reference to compare and analyse the
style of our building was obtained.
 National Archive
We went to the national archive and archive library to find out more
information about our building. Old files and information were looked
through to have a better understanding of the construction and
architecture of the old palace. Unfortunately, there were not much
useful information that could be obtained.This was as our building was
not very well known thus not much data was collected and kept.

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 Printed materials.
Old newspaper articles, journals, books were look through to get
information and some old photos regarding our building. This was also
to cross check the information that we obtained through the internet and
also the interview to make sure of its accuracy of information.
 Tutorials
Two tutorials were held in a week to enable our tutor to guide us in the
right direction with the research materials gained. Our tutor also made
sure that the information that we have obtained can be used in the
report.

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2.0 Historical Background
2.1 Selangor
Selangor is one of the 14 states in Malaysia. It is located in the
west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The history of Selangor started in
the 16th Century when tin was round in the region. The natural wealth
ofthe region attracted miners, immigrants and colonizers to come.One
of the most significant immigrants were the Bugis brothers. As they
were good traders and warriors, they soon rose to become very
prominent in Selangor. In 1766, one of the descendent, Raja Lumu
established Kuala Selangor and became the first Sultan of Selangor.
Selangor has two capitals which is Shah Alam ( the state capital
city) and Klang ( the royal capital city ). This state covers an area of
796,084 hectares and consist of nine districts which are Hulu Langat,
Gombak, Hulu Selagor, Kuala Langat, Kuala Selangor, Petaling,
Sabak, Bernam, Sepang and lastly, Klang. Selangor is now the most
dense state in Malaysia with the highest population.
Figure2.01IndicationofSelangorMapinPeninsular
Malaysia

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2.2 Klang
2.2.1 Origin of the name
Klang, previously known as Kelang had been a site of human
settlement since the prehistoric period. The name of ‘Klang’ was
derived from the Langkasuka language, which mean middle place.
2.2.2 History of Klang
Klang is divided into Klang north and Klang South, which are
separated by Klang River. Klang was known as the royal town because
of the existing of the official residence of fifth sultan (Sultan Alauddin
Sulaiman Shah). With the expansion of tin mining, Klang played a
significance role in development of the Malay Kingdom during the
historical period.
Klang was under Malacca and ruled by Tun Perak. However,
when Portuguese captured the Malacca in 1511, Klang was semi-
independentand no longersenttin to Malacca. 200 hundred years later,
the arrival oflarge amount oftraders from Sulawesi,JohorRiau marked
the beginning ofsultanate era while they proclaimed themselves as the
sultan when settled down along the Klang River area. It resulted in the
sultanate family to be Bugis generation.
Figure2.02IndicationofKlang onthe SelangorMap
Figure2.03KlangMapin 1901

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Klang underwent huge expansion in the 19th century due to the
tin mining industry as the result ofhighly demand of tin from the West.
There was a portthat was build 6km away from the town in the
southeast of Klang. It was known as Port Swettenham since 1901. It
was named after the Sir Frank Swettenham, who was the first resident
general in Selangor who further developed the port.
Figure2.04OldPictureof Port Klang
Figure2.05New Pictureof Port Klang

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The Klang River also played an important role. It flows through
Kuala Lumpur and Selangor and eventually into the Strait of Malacca.
The river is 120 kilometres and itwas one ofthe means oftransportation
at that time.
ACivil War was started among the royalfamily as to gain control
along the Klang River.
After the civil war ended in 1873, pirates were attacking the
coastal shipping, law and order had been broken down even the
farmers were not planting their rice crops, making Klang an unsafe
place for trading.
The civil war acted as the stepping-stone for the developmentof
administrative buildings in Klang area, resulted in the construction of
sultan palace.
Figure2.06OldPictureof Klang River
Figure2.07OldPictureof Klang River at MasjidJamek
Figure2.08New Pictureof KlangRiver at MasjidJamek

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2.3 Jalan Dato Hamzah
Our selected building is located on Jalan Dato Hamzah. Around
Jalan Dato Hamzah there is a small town that exist. We have
discovered thatthe town has been there for a long time even before the
palace existed.
The advance developmentofthe economy around the area had
caused the governmentto build offices around that place and it soon,
they decided to build a resting palace for the Sultan so that he would
have a place to rest as he handles business in that area.
The following section will discuss the buildings along Jalan Dato
Hamzah and the area close to it to show how strategic the location.
The area that is busy is labeled as Core Zone and the area that
is less busy is labled as Buffer Zone.
Building
Location
Core Zone
Buffer
Zone
Diagram 2.01 IndicationofCoreZoneandBuffer Zone
Diagram 2.02 IndicationofSignificantBuildingsatJalan
Dato Hamzah

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2.3.1 Old Charted Bank Building
Refer to Diagram *, Number 12.
The former Charted Bank is located at the intersection of Jalan
Istana and Jalan Dato Hamzah. It is located on the right side ofthe the
Klang Islamic Office.
This building was completedin 1874. Itwas the first everfinancial
institution in Klang. The building was characterised as Neoclassical
style in which two stretches of balcony at the upper level overseas the
roadside, reflecting the architecture of colonial architecture.
The building is currectly used as an Indian Boutique that sells
textiles and silk from India. Although it has been renovated, it’s faced is
preserved.
Figure2.09TheIndianBoutique

28
2.3.2 The Royal Gallery
This building was built in 1909 to house the Klang District Office
when the British was ruling Malaya. This building was designed by
architect A. B. Hubback, strictly in the Western classical style. It is
located on Jalan Dato Hamzah.
It was first built for the Klang District Office's Land Office, the
Town Board and Public Works Department. In 1973, the building was
used as the Police Contigent Building for 2 years. After some
conservation works by the Klang Town Council in 1987 and the last
tenant which was the Legal Department moved out, the State Museum
took over and set up the Royal Gallery.
The Royal Gallery displays the Royal Collections which consists
of magnificent personal collections of artifacts and gifts covering the
period of the reign of the late Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah.
Included in the exhibition are replicas of Selangor's crown jewels.
Figure2.10TheRoyalGalleryin the Past
Figure2.11TheRoyalGalleryin the Present

29
2.3.3 Klang Railway Station
By the early 1890s, the large increase in importand exportcould
notbe satisfactorily dealtwith at the available jetties at Klang,and plans
were made for the development of port at a site on the coast.
In 1800s, changes of capital from Klang to Kuala Lumpur had
attracted a lot oftraders to Kuala Lumpur. At this time the only method
of transportation between Klang and Kuala Lumpur were by horse,
buffalo or boats ride along Klang River. The journey was long.
Therefore, Frank Swettenham initiated a rail link between Klang
and Kuala Lumpur to overcome the transportation problems particularly
to the tin mining interests, who needed to convey the ore to Klang’s
port. The construction of the railway to the coast implied the necessity
of providing wharves at the railway terminus.
Advanced transportation further enhanced the development of
economy around the place. Thus, transportation to the Klang city town
would not be major problems for the traders or administrative officers.
Up to today the station is still being used as it was.
Figure2.12TheRailwayStation inthe Past
Figure2.13TheRailwayStation inthe Present

30
2.3.4 Klang Primary School
Sekolah Kebangsaan Klang was built in 1937 and is located on
Jalan Dato Hamzah as well.The schoolstarted offas an all-boys school
with 12 teachers. The school then became a co-ed school.
This building was influenced by Anglo-Malay architecture. It has
beautiful louvre windows at the upper level. This ventilation design
served as a model for the architecture of later schools in Malaysia.
Figure2.14KlangPrimarySchool

31
2.3.5 Gedung Raja Abdullah
Refer to Diagram *, Number 2
Built in 1857, Gedung Raja Abdullah (Raja Abdullah
Warehouse) in Klang was first used to store weapons, tin and food.
In 1874, the British converted the warehouse into governmentoffices,
where the first council meeting of Selangor was held.
In 1880, Gedung Raja Abdullah was turned into a police station
and remained so until 1974. The lock-ups, with heavy iron gates, still
exist.
More recently, the building was turned into a museum in 1985,
exhibiting the history ofSelangor’s tin mining industry and its role in the
development and success of Selangor. Currently, the building is
temporarily closed for restoration undertaken by National Heritage
Department.
Figure2.15GedungRajaAbdullahinthe Past
Figure2.16GedungRajaAbdullahinthe Present

32
2.4 Ownership of The Building.
As the years went by, the building was handed from one owner
to another. The building was used for different functions and that was
what made the building have such historical values that it has today.
1912 Building was built as a palace for DYMM Sultan Sir
Allaeddin Sulaiman Shah
Diagram 2.03 Timelineofthe Ownershipofthe Building

33
 1912-1941
In 1912, this old PAID building was originally builtas a palace for
the sultan ofSelangorat the time,DYMM Sultan Sir AllaeddinSulaiman
Shah. It was notthe official palace butwas known as “Istana Singgah”.
The sultan would stay in this palace or otherwise known as his office
and be his resting place when he is has errands to run in the area. This
palace was known as the ‘istana singgah’also known as resting palace,
which the sultan will only stay here for few days when he was managing
his business around the town area.
The official palace at that time was the Istana Alam Shah which
was also located in Klang.
The palace was used for all royal functions such as installation
ceremonies, royal weddings, awarding of state titles by the Sultan,
receptions of guests or dignitaries and other functions.
Figure2.17Palaceof SultanSir AllaeddinSulaiman

34
Sultan Sir Allaeddin Sulaiman Shah was the fifth sultan of
Selanor. Before he was crowned as Sultan, he was known as Raja
Sulaiman. He was from the Bugis family, originated from Selawasi. His
majesty had ruled Selangor since 1898 until he passed away on the
31st March 1938, replacing his grandfather who passed away in 1898
after 41 years ofruling Selangor. In 1912, he was knighted the Order of
St Micheal and St George by the United Kingdom with the title Sir. He
was succeeded by Sultan Sir Hisamuddin Alam Shah Alhaj.
Sultan Sulaiman was faithful to his religion, Islam and was
closed to the ulama. Ulama is defined as a body of Muslim scholars
who are recognized as having specialistknowledge of Islamic sacred
law and theology. His Majesty would ask for opinions from the ulama
regarding matters of administration and spreading of Islam in the
country. He would also bring along ulama whenever he had to run
errands abroad.
Sultan Sulaiman was concerned aboutthe developmentofIslam
in Selangor.Therefore,severalmosques were builtin the state and one
of them was named after him, which is the Alauddin Mosque in Kuala
Langat, Selangor. As a chief in Islam, Sultan Sulaiman would conduct
sermons every Friday and during Hari Raya.
Figure2.18Sultan Sir AllaeddinSulaiman

35
Sultan Sulaiman had many marriages and had lots of children.
His first marriage was with Tengku Ampuan Maharum binti Tunku
Dhiyauddin which is Tengku Kudin of Kedah’s pincess, and raised two
princes and 4 princesses. The prince, Sultan Ghiatuddin Riayat Shah
was the seventh sultan in Selangor. His second marriage was with Cik
Hasnah/Cik Aminah binti Pelong Makam Bandar, and had one prince,
and 2 princesses with her. The sixth Sultan Selangor was his prince
with Cik Hasnah, which was Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Syah.
Reason being thatthis location was chosen to build the palace in
1912 was because it was a very strategic location. During the olden
days, water transportation was very important. There was a river
located opposite the palace which was very convenient for the Sultan.
Also, as time went by and technology advanced,a railway station was
also constructed nearby the palace.
The building was used as a palace for about 35 years.

36
 1941-1945
During the World War 2, the Japanese invade Malaya on 18th
December1941from KotaBahru, Within 1 and a half months,the whole
of Malaya were fallen into the hands of the Japanese.
The Japanese was in great power. They took over the building
and used itas the quarters for the soldiers in order to facilitate the war.
The building was known as JUNTAI.
Not only was this building handed over butthe buildings around
the area as well. The Charted Bank building nextto JUNTAI was used
as an interrogation and execution centre for the prisoners of war.
After the Japanese were defeated, the building was reused as a
lodging house until 1945. A lodging house is a house that have fully
furnished rooms that are rented out to people to stay temporarily.
Figure2.19Invasion of JapaneseinMalaya

37
 1946-1976
In 1946, the building was then repurposed and becamethe Klang
municipal institution office (Pejabat Lembaga Bandaran Klang). It was
used as an operation centre until 1964. A meeting was convened to
handover the building to Jabatan Agama Islam Negeri Selangor (JAIS)
in 1965. JAIS was formed by Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah Alhaj after
the World War 2.
Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah Alhaj is the eldestson of Sultan
Sulaiman and Puan Hamsah. He wasn’t expected to rule as he had two
elder brothers. However, during the Japanese occupation, His Majesty
Stepped down and his eldest stepbrother, Sultan Musa Ghiatuddin
Riayat Shah was chosen to rule Selangor. When the Japanese were
defeated and the British took over again, he was then again appointed
to be Sultan of Selangor.
He was appointed as the Second Agong ofMalaysia on the 14
April 1960. However, on the day ofhis coronation, he passed away due
to a mystery sickness.
Figure2.20First JAIS officebuilding.

38
The main reason he formed this the organization was because
moral of the people started to weaken and there were many wrong
doings after the World War 2 as the result of the Japanese influence.
He commanded to the ministry of Selangor to start this organization.
The first office was located in this building that was used as Sultan
Hisamuddin Alam Shah Alhaj as an office. This organization was
funded by king himself.
This organization aid to stop the spreading and communism in
Selangor and also in Malaya. It also fixed the morality and believes of
the Malays that were influenced by the Japanese at that time.
JAIS then moved the the Old Kelab Diraja Selangor building
where it was chosen to be its administration office. Figure2.21Sultan HisamuddinAlam Shah Alhaj

39
 1977-2012
The building was occupied by JAIS until the state government
relocate them to another building in 1977, allowing the building to be
used as the Klang Islamic Religious Office also known as Pejabat
Agama Islam Daerah Klang (PAID).
In 1992 the building was shared with the lower syariah court
where PAID occupied the ground floor while the Lower Syariah Court
occupied the firstfloor. Subsequently, the courtmoved out in 2004 and
PAID occupied the whole building.
PAID functions just the same as JAIS. JAIS acted as the main
headquarter for the whole of Selangor while PAID was the office that
was situated in Klang. This was so that it is more convenient for the
Islam people in Klang.
The building was refurbished in 2001. It remained as the Klang
Islamic Religious Office until it was evacuated and handed over to the
PADAT on the 6th July 2012. As of now (1st February 2015) it is in the
process to be renovated and maintained as a historical and cultural
building. The building was officially renamed as Bangunan Lama
Pejabat Agama Islam Daerah Klang.
Figure2.22PAID OfficebeforeRefurbishment
Figure2.23PAID Officeafter Refurbishment

40
3.0 Design Concept
The design concept of the old Pejabat Agama Islam Daerah
Klang was influenced by various styles fromaround the world. The main
style of the building is colonial style. This is as it was built during the
British Colonisation and Colonial Style buildings was very favourable in
that era.
In this chapter, the influence of various styles and its influence
on the building will be discussed.The styles will be classified as foreign
influences and also local influences.

41
3.1 Colonial Architecture Influence
Due to the constraint of fire, flood, filthy condition and
overcrowding in Malay Peninsula during 1881-1882, the government
decided to rebuild the colonial town. Consequently in 1884, Frank
Swettenhem, the British residentof Selangor, had introduced building
regulations and town planning methods was imposed in all the building
constructions. In 19th century, the British had adopted an architecture
style, originated from the British building style, a mixture of the British
and Moghul architectural style (Indian Muslim) in India. This
architectural style is commonly used in administrative buildings.
According to Gullick (2000), before the Second World War, the British
had started to make its impactin Malaya's architecture. In mostBritish
colonial countries, the Public Works Department (PWD) was entrusted
to design and constructthe public sector buildings such as government
offices, court buildings, schools, station buildings, quarters or human
resources and plantations. Examples ofcolonial style architecture can
be seen in Figures 3.01 and 3.02.
Figure3.01RestingPalaceat Bukit Zahara,Johor
Figure3.02ColonialBungalowinPerak

42
Colonial architecture is defined as an architectural style from a
mother country that has been incorporated into the buildings of
settlements or colonies in distant locations.
In this building’s case, itis the British Colony since Malaya was
under control of the British. This building had a Palladian style during
renaissance revivalism with some Islamic influences. According to the
Heritage of Malaysia Trust (1990), this type of building were easily
found.
Figure3.03 Colonial Style that canbeseenon the Façadeof
the OldPAID Building.

43
3.2 Palladian Architecture Influence
The last phase of European classicism of the late 18th and
early 19th century characterized by monumentality, a sparing used of
ornament and strict used of the orders of architecture. Studiously
proportioned which sometimes incorporate portico, colonnade and
cupola(s) in the design.
Evidently, the style which was carried through into the early
20th century was influenced by Anglo-Indian architecture through
colonial British with east Indian company which brought influences
practical to their tropical experience, which are typified by high ceilings,
large porches and painted in pastel or white finishing on exterior and
interior walls that can be seen in the colonial governmentbuildings and
bungalows. Most non-tropical forms used is the Palladian system of
neo-Greek column,pediments and fenestration, neo-roman arches and
domes, and renaissance parapets, turrets, cupolas, quoins,
empanadas, surrounds, staircases and balconies. This can be seen in
the old PAID building in subchapter 3.5 Architecture Elements.
Figure3.04EmoCourt, Ireland

44
Palladian architecture today is an evolution of Palladio's original
concepts. Palladio's work was strongly based on the symmetry,
perspectiveand values ofthe formal classicaltemple architecture ofthe
ancient Greeks and Romans as shown in Diagram 3.01 and 3.02.
Symmetrical design in the old PAID building can also be observed
clearly as shown in Diagram 3.03. One main axis that divides the
building into 2 equal sections. The axis cuts across from the main
entrance door directly to the main back exit.
The basic form ofthe building consists ofone simple rectangular
volumetric block divided into separate symmetrical space. The simple
form depicts the originality and the rationality of the building, making it
static and neutral.
Diagram 3.01Planof HerculesVictorTemple,Forum Boarium,
Roman.
Diagram 3.02Planof Parthenon, onthe Acropolisof Athens, Greece.
Diagram 3.03Planof Pejabat AgamaIslam DaerahKlang.

45
Like the ancient Romans and Greeks, Palladio believed that
beauty comes from harmony and symmetry. In Klang Islamic Religious
Office, buildings are evenly balanced on each side ofthe entrance hall.
Proportion is always maintained.
Approaching the building, visitors enters through the side and
into the waiting area. Walking through the building linearly, visitors will
be greeted by a row of arches that opens up into a double volume hall
that is centred inthe building.This layout,creates a grand scale towards
the visitor’s eye.
Diagram 3.04SymmetryPlan of PejabatAgama Islam DaerahKlang.

46
3.3 Islamic Architecture Influence
Arches are one of the most distinctive features of Islamic
architecture and are found in almost every type of building.
Symbolically,they lead into an inner space.Islamic architects borrowed
heavily from Greek and roman designs for archways and door designs
but then came up with a series of arch shapes over history that are
distinctively Islamic.
For example, the greatmosque in Cordoba, Spain, has various
examples ofarch designs including the horseshoe, the cinquefoil, the
trefoil and the semi-circular. The use of arches in this mosque is
credited with spreading Islamic arch design throughoutEurope. Islamic
building also use arches to create colonnades lining the inner
courtyards of both houses and mosques.
Figure3.05Islamic ArchitectureonaColonial
Building.

47
3.4 Malay Architecture Influence
Since Malaysia has a tropical climate, building materials such
as timber, rattan, tree roots, bamboo and leaves are easily available
from the tropical forests. In a traditional Malay house, timber is used for
the building structures, rattan and tree roots are used for tying up joints
whereas bamboo and leaves are used forfloors and walls. In the Malay
culture, buildings such as houses and palaces that are highly hand-
crafted and beautifully patterned and decorated reflect the building
owners’ high status. For instance, the Old Kenangan Palace in Kuala
Kangsar, Perak which was built by a Malay sultan, has magnificently
crafted walls.
As Muslims, the Malays have adopted the Islamic principles of
orientation of mosques, particularly the prayer halls which have to be
designed and faced towards Mecca. In other cases, some of the
traditional Malay houses have floors at different levels, indicating the
room functions. For instance, the veranda floor is raised lower than the
living room floor. This is not only indicating the room functions but also
giving a sense of spatial transition in the building.
Figure3.06Istana Kenanagan,Perak
Figure3.07Plan Perspective Of Istana Kenangan,Perak

48
Foreign Influence:
During the colonization periods of the Portuguese, Dutch and British,
Malay architecture was exposed to many new building technologies.
Exmaple,
 Zinc and clay tiles as substitutes for roofs made of leaves;
 Brick and cementcolumns as replacements for timber stilts and
ladder;
 Glass for windows which were formerly open;
 Nails as alternatives for rattan and tree roots that tie joints
together.
These features can be seen atthe Alor Setar's Balai Besar or Audience
Hall in Kedah state. Built in 1898, the building has clay tile roofs, brick
and cementstairs, glass windows with brick and timber walls. Each of
these had a profound impact on the Malay vernacular architecture. It
can also, then, be observed that the process of adopting new
technologies to ancient architecture is not entirely a new idea. Malay
architecture has been modified by technological and cultural changes
for centuries.
Figure3.08 BalaiBesar, Alor Setar

49
3.5 Architecture Elements
Architecture Elements are the unique details and components
that form the architecture style ofthe building. The architecture style of
this building is mainly a combination ofPalladian Style and also
Islamic Style.
This Old PAID Building which is a colonial influenced structure
is double storey with expression ofWestern and local architectural
traditions modified with the use oflocal methods ofbuilding
construction and materials.
This subchapter discusses aboutthe unique elements and
components ofmany styles ofthe building.

50
3.5.1 Exterior Facade
One of the significant if Palladian Architecture is that
ornamentations are usually restrained. The Façade of the Old PAID
building is plain but perfectly balanced and harmonious.
Figure3.09Façadeofthe OldPAID Building.

51
 Columns
The columns are the Greek columns, knows as the Corinthian. It
is very detailed compared to the other existing columns. The Corinthian
orderis the mostdecorative and is usually the one mostmodernpeople
like best. The reason why this Greek order was used in this building
was to make the building look more majestic as itwas firstly used as a
palace. It was used to bring grandness to the building. Corinthian also
uses entices to make the shafts look straight. The
Corinthian capitals have flowers and leaves below a small scroll.
The shaft has flutes and the base is like the Ionian. Unlike the Doric and
Ionian cornices, which are at a slant, the Corinthian roofs are flat.
Some of the columns also have Traditional Malay Style. Malay
style favours floral and nature motifs on the designs and ornaments.
As shown in Figure 3.11, it is clear that it does notmatch any of
the Greek orders. However, there is are patterns ofleaves thatdisplays
Traditional Malay Style motifs.
Diagram 3.05LocationofColumns
Figure3.10CorinthianColumnsonthefaçadeof the OldPAID Building.
Figure3.11Traditional Malay Style Columnsonthefaçadeof the Old
PAID Building.

52
 Portico
A portico is an entrance porch with columns. It is an influence
from Palladian Architecture. The slightcurve ofthe portico is influenced
by Baroque Architecture. There are only four columns at Klang Islamic
Religious Office on both the front and back porticos.
However, after renovation, the porch in the front was sealed up
due to the insufficient space and itwas no longer a portico. The portico
at the back still remains.
Diagram 3.06LocationofPortico
Figure3.12Porticoat the Front of the Building
Figure3.13Porticoat the Back of the Building

53
 Horseshoe Arches
The horseshoe arch is a motif on the façade of the building as it
can be seenrepeatedly.As the porchwas sealed to create more interior
space, there are horseshow arches in the interior as well.
The arches are also called the Moorish arch and the keyhole
arch is the traditional arch of the Islamic architecture. These arches are
said to originate in visigothic Spain.
Horseshoe arches have an intrados that widens above the
springing before narrowing to a rounded, lobed or pointed crown.
Common in the 21st century building. Horseshoe arches can take
rounded, pointed or lobed form.
Figure3.14HorseshoeArches at
the Portico
Diagram 3.06LocationofHorseshoeArches

54
 Baluster
The Baluster is influenced from Bugis Architecture. This is as
Royal decendentofSelangor originated from Bugis which is an ethnic
group of Selawesi, Indonesia. The Baluster can be found around the
façade of the building.
The narrow section is referred to as the "sleeve," while the wider
section is the "belly." In Klang Islamic Religious Office, an orderly
proportionate exterior could be seen with the neatly arranged balusters
making it suitable for the building. Below the windows and in between
the arches vase shaped balusters are placed. Normally, balusters are
separated by the same measurementas the size ofthe square bottom
section.
Figure3.15Balustradelocatedbelowthearches

55
 Cornice
The top element of the entablature including the following
elements: the cyma, the corona and the bed-moulding. Atthe old PAID
Building, the cornices are found around the facades, below the window
which complete the building.HorizontalgeisaofCorinthian orders relied
on moldings rather than the mutules of the Doric order for their
decoration.
Figure3.16Bed-Mould Figure3.17Corona
Figure3.18CornicesaroundKlangIslamic Religious
Office

56
 Ventilation Panel
Naqsh panel is defined as carved plaster panel.It is a traditional
ventilation panel, which covered the exterior arches in our building. It
functioned as a sunshade. The Naqsh panel was an influence from
Arabic architecture, which can be found in mosque nowadays. It was
used in decoration purpose.
This panel can no longer be seen on the façade of the building
as it has been sealed up during renovation. The carving was of the
ventilation panels feature repetitive Arabic geometric patterns which is
rather simpler compare to others.
Figure3.19Oldphoto of PejabatAgama Islam
DOWN
Diagram 3.08LocationofNagshVentilationPanels

57
3.5.1 Interior Elements
 Sisip Angins - Panel
Panel or sisip angin is known as one ofthe strong features which
Malay traditional vernacular building in Kelantan and Terengganu
share. It is an intensely decorative carving,not only on window butalso
on the leaves ofdoors,wallpanels,railing of verandas and stringer, and
(eaves and gable end).
The Traditional Malay Style is adopted in this palace though the
sisip angins in the walkway showed in Diagram 3.07. Windows and
doors in the walls provides good ventilation besides creating a
comfortable view and cool atmosphere is part of the climatic and
cultural influences.
Diagram 3.09LocationofSisipAngins
Figure3.20Sisip Angins

58
 Double Shutter Casement Window
Double shutter casementwindow with welded wire mesh is used
to cover the ventilation openings above. Itis the oldestwindow found in
the building but the period of construction is not defined.
The openings are covered with wire mesh for preventing
intruders such as cat. The window grill serves as security function.
Textured glass was used in this casement window to provide privacy
due to its less transparent feature. Window with textured glass catches
light in a unique ways, mainly for decoration purpose.
Diagram 3.10LocationofDouble ShutterCasement
Windowon First Floor
Figure3.21DoubleShutter CasementWindow

59
 5.7.2 Glass Louvered Window
The glass louvered window can be found above the door, which
located at the first floor. (Refer to figure XX floor plan) This opening
between the rooms provides a complete airflow circuit; enhance the
ventilation of the interior. This is a popular option for properties where
partial privacy is required while maintaining light and airflow.
Figure3.22Louvered Window
Diagram 3.11LocationofGlassLouveredWindow onFirst Floor

60
 Aluminium Top Hung Window
Several renovations took place in Sultan Sulaiman building and
led to replacement of window from timber to aluminium. Aluminium
window started to be heavily marketed in the 1950s. Aluminium Top
Hung Window is lost in cost, lightweight and corrosion resistant
compare to timber window.
To take advantage of the cooling breezes, the large window
installed in the olden days was replaced by the combination of the
casementaluminium window with Aluminium Top Hung Window above.
This allows warm moist air to escape out the top, and cooler dryer air
to enter lower down.
The grill works are placed in every window during the occupation
of Jabatan Agama Islam Selangor (JAIS). Unfortunately, mostof them
are stolen. Window grills are mainly for safety purpose without
considering the style in oldendays.However,ithas soonbeencarefully
designed into various styles for decoration purpose.
Figure3.23Aluminium TopHungWindow
m
Diagram 3.12LocationofAluminium TopHungWindow onFirst
Floor

61
 Panelled Door
A door constructed with panels, usually shaped to pattern,
installed betweenstiles and rails that form the outside frame ofthe door.
This door style was almostthe only door style used during the Classical
era, despite a great amount of variation over the last 150 years;
panelled doors are still, to this day, the most popular style of door.
The panelled door used in this building is 6-paneled door with
uneven side, which is the combination of double panelled door and
single panelled door. This width of one panel is given by a normalized
ratio measure, which is defined by the width of the door opening.
DOWN
m
m
Diagram 3.13LocationofPanelledDooronGroundFloor
Diagram 3.14LocationofPanelledDooronFirst Floor

62
It help resolved the problem of seasonal expansion and
contraction ofwood.In panelled doors,two vertical‘stiles’ran the length
of the door on either side, connected by horizontal ‘rails’. The ‘floating’
panels fitted into the groove cut into the stiles and rails. The overall
effect was a door that minimized the tendency to swell and shrink, thus
remaining more airtight.
Figure3.25DoublePanelledDoorFigure3.24SinglePanelledDoor

63
 Flush Door
Flush doors are simple design, which are installed interior and
exterior within our building. Flush door is more closely associated with
function rather than style. It underwent mass production during post
war period. They were not originally installed during the Sultan Palace
period.
m
Diagram 3.15LocationofFlush
Dooron GroundFloor
Diagram 3.16LocationofFlush
Dooron First Floor
Diagram 3.17LocationofFlushDoorat Basement
m
DOWN

64
Hollow cored flush doors are used in the building.
The faces ofthe door are covered with thin plywood. Flush door can
easily be customized through addition of decorative grooves to their
faces to create individual design. Flush door (shown in Figure 3.27)
showed the style of design affected by flora which resulted in Islam
Influence.
Factors of using flush door are due to its low cost, excellent
resistance to stains, scratches, and crash that would easily damage the
wood. It also used as the fire doors, acoustic doors ataffordable price.
Figure3.28Customized
FlsuhedDoor
Figure3.27Single
FlushedDoor
Figure3.26DoubleFlushed
Door

65
 Glass Entrance Door
Glass entrance doors were installed both side ofthe entrance to
conceal the room with air-conditioning, replacing the opened porch
during Sultan Palace period.
This type of glass door is classified as Type ‘A’ according to
Glass Association of North America identification. Type ‘A’ glass door
requires patch fitting at both top and bottom.It is commonly used where
glass transom is located directly above the door. This is the most
frequent used type ofdoor in an office front application. The frameless
glass door offered an open concept.
Figure3.29Glassentrancedoortype 'A'
DOWN
Diagram 3.18LocationofGlassEntranceDoor at GroundFloor

66
 Grill Door
The stairs highlighted in Diagram 3.18 was only constructed
when the building was used as an office. The grill that is placed at the
landing of the stairs entrance is to block trespassers from going up the
first floor where more important documents are kept. It is also for the
safety of the building.
There is some floral motif on the grill door that reflects Islamic
Architecture as nature and floral motifs is often used in this style.
Figure2.30Steel DoorGate at the front staircase
DOWN
Diagram 3.19LocationofGrillDooron the GroundFloor

67
 Winding Half-turn Stair
One of the types of staircase that is used in this building is the
winding quarter- turn staircase. Rather than creating a landing, this
staircase type has beenchoseninthis building to conserve spacewhen
changing direction of the staircase with limited space of stairwell.
However, winders can be hazardous since they offer little
foothold at their interior corners. Timberstair to be constructed atupper
flight, and concrete stair at lower flight to provide a firm supportfor the
timber staircase at the upper part which only supported by stringers.
And also to prevent damages from flood.
DOWN
Diagram 3.20LocationofWindingHalf-turnStair on the GroundFloor
Figure3.31WindingHalf-turn Stair

68
 Quarter-Turn Stair
A quarter-turn or L-shaped stair makes a right-angled turn in the
path of travel. The two flight connected by an intervening landing may
be equal or unequal, depending on the desired proportion of the
stairway opening.
The lower flight of stairs is constructed with concrete to provide
a firm supportwhile timber is used to constructthe upper flightwhich is
only supported by stringers.
This stairway was only installed when the building was used as
an office and renovation was done to the front porch. This stairway is
protected by wire mesh to ensure the safety of the users.
DOWN
Diagram 3.21LocationofQuarter- TurnStairson the GroundFloor
Figure3.32Quarter-TurnStairs Figure3.33Wire Mesh
Figure3.34TimberStairs

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3.6 External Changes to the Building
Originally intended as a royal resting palace, the building had
undergone several changes and renovations throughoutits lifetime due
to the constant changing ofoccupants. With every change ofowner,the
building goes to changes as well to facilitate the needs ifthe owners. In
addition, the building was used for different functions over the years.
Because ofthese changes, the building suffered the threats of
losing its historical value. Usually changes were made to facilitate the
occupants’ needs and architecture trend of the time.
Notable changes that can be seen are the front windows,
installation ofnew windows, awnings,and installation ofair-conditioner.
Figure3.35Pictureof PAID circa1980
Figure3.36Pictureof PAID in 2012

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Sketch of the original design of the building for the Sultan of
Selangor
Figure3.37Royal Palacefor Sultanof Selangor
Sketchofthe renovated building sometime afterJapanese vacated
it
Figure3.38Renovated phaseafter Japanesecolonization
Sketch of the present building which had undergone major
transformation.
Figure3.39Present KlangIslamic ReligiousOffice

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New Awnings
 After the renovation, new windows and awnings were installed.
 Installation of air conditioning
Air-conditioner were installed after the renovation to fit the function
of the building which is an office. This can be seen by the metal
bars that was once used to hold the air conditioner before it was
removed.
Figure3.40Windowsbefore modern
age
Figure3.41Windowsafter renovation
Figure3.42Air-Conditioner

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 Balustrade
Balustrade were exposedbeforethe modernera.The balustrade
functioned as ventilation holes. It also serves as a decorative elements
as it's one of the style of Neo-classical architecture.
After the renovationwhen JAIS took over,some ofthe balustrade
were covered. Due to the function of an office, which need to be
enclosed and to be air-conditioned. Some of the balustrade on the
exterior were still exposed. Moreover, it does not gives ventilation
anymore but just acts as a decorative element.
Figure3.43ExposedBalustradebeforerenovation.
Figure3.44Closedoff balustrade

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 Renovation of First Floor
After JAIS took over the building, second level was added above
the back porch. The space above was functioning as a counselling
room, while the space below had changed to a surau..
Figure3.45Backporchbefore
modernage
Figure 3.46 Back porch after
renovation

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 Renovation of Front Porch
Due to the lack of space in the building when JAIS took over
the build, the porch was covered up to be made as a small waiting area
where people wait their turn to be attended.
Figure3.47Front porchbeforethe modernage
Figure3.48Front porchafter renovation

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 Part of the front porch were closed offdue to installation of air-
conditioner.
 Additional of brick wall and glass door at the side entrance.
Originally, it was an open corridor entrance.
 Additional ofglass window atthe front facade. Originally, itwas
an opening. Additional of glass window at the front facade.
Figure3.49 Closed-offarch
Figure3.50 Side entrance
Figure3.51Glasswindow

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4.0 Spatial Organization and Function
Spatial organization is very importantduring building planning.
This is so that each space ofthe rooms in the building can be used to
its maximum.
As the building was occupied by differentusers that used the
building for different functions, the rooms had different functions to suit
the users at the time.
The spaces in this building can be divided into three types
which is public,semi-private and private.During the palace days,public
spaces are accessible by people and officers who have business to do
in the palace, semi-private spaces are only accessible to higher ranked
officers and those who are allowed there and private spaces are spaces
that are only accessible to the Sultan himself.

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4.1 1912, As Palace
Disclaimer: As there were little to information that was recorded about
the palace, the function and spaces of the building is purely based on
assumption by referring and analysing based on two other palaces. The
palaces are Istana Bandar, Jugra as it was the official palace of Sultan
Suleiman and also Istana Kenangan as it was also used as a resting
palace.
As there were not much information recorded about the
building when it was used as a palace, we compared the function of
spaces and tried to relate itwith the spaces in the building to see which
fits best. Besides the porch, all the other rooms are assumed.
Figure4.01Istana Bandar, Jugra
Figure4.02Istana Kenangan,KualaKangsar

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 Istana Bandar, Jugra, Klang
Istana Bandar is located at Bandar Jugra. It was one of Sultan Sir
AlleaddinSulaiman’s Royal Palace.It was builtin 1899 and was funded
by the Sultan himself. Sultan Sulaiman spent most of his time in this
palace. This palace was occupied for the first 30 decades of the 20th
Centrury. It was left abandoned when His Majesty passed away.
The double storey palace had an area of 12.96 acres. It was a big
palace made of wood and marble, with fifteen rooms to cater for
countless royal functions. The spaces were divided into his resting
place, the throne room, the meeting room and the living halls. There
was even a courtyard built especially for the queen to spend her time.
Diagram 4.02Istana BandarFirst FloorPlan
Diagram 4.01Istana BandarGroundFloorPlan

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 Istana Kenangan, Kuala Kangsar
Istana Kenangan was a royal resting palace located in Kuala
Kangsar Perak. It was built in 1926 for Sultan Iskandar Shah. The
palace had been the official residence between 1931 and 1933.
However, upon completion of Istana Iskandariah, the Istana Kenangan
was used to hostroyal receptions and where the palace guests stayed.
It is two storeys high with the top floor consisting of the bedchamber,
family bedrooms and a dining hall. The ground floor was once used as
the official royal office where its original floor was made out of solid
wood.
Figure4.03Istana KenanganPlanPerspective

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4.1.1 Public Spaces
 Porch
This is where the king will be dropped offwhen he comes to stay in
the palace where his servants will wait for his arrival. This is the only
space that we are sure of its function during the palace days
 Bilik Menunggu - Waiting Room
This room is where commoners and palace officials waitfor the king’s
arrival and be served by the servants. It is similar to the one at Istana
Bandar.
 Balai Rong Seni – Throne Room
This is a big comman hall where commoners, palace officials and
other people meetwith the king. The king uses this space to conduct
official ceremonies.
Diagram 4.03Public Spacesofthe Palace

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4.1.2 Semi- Private Spaces
 Bilik Mesyuarat - Meeting Room
Since there is an extra room, there mightbe a possibility this room is a
meeting room where the king would meetwith palace officials. There is
two potential spaces for a meeting room, one on the ground floor and
one on the first floor.
Should the meeting room be located on the ground floor, it will disrupt
the circulation ofthe palace. With the assumption that the dining would
be located on the first floor, the servants will have to pass through the
meeting room to serve the food to the king through the spiral staircase.
It would make no sense that they would have to pass through a meeting
room.Ifthe meeting room is located in the first floor, itwill be somewhat
invading the kings privacy as it is so close to the king’s bedroom.
However, since in the two other palace that was used as reference,
there were no existence of a meeting room, there is a possibility that
there is no meeting room at all and the Throne Room was used as a
meeting room.
Diagram 4.04PossibilityArea for MeetingRoom

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 Kamar Bersantap – Dining Room
This is where the king has his meals. Assuming thatthere is no
meeting room, the dining room will be located on the ground
floor where the maids serve the food from the basement
kitchen.
 Kamar Beristirehat – Living Room
Assuming that there is not meeting room and the dining room
is located on the ground floor, this room can be said to be used
as a living room where the king rest.
Diagram 4.05SemiPrivate Area of Palace

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4.1.3 Private Spaces
 PejabatSultan – King’s Office
This is assumed to be the King’s private office in the palace.
 Kamar Beradu – King’s Bedroom
Looking at the size of the room and the location of the room there is a
possibility this is the king’s bedroom.This is as itis big and also located
near the King’s office. This place is used by the king to sleep and rest
when he runs errands in the area.
Diagram 4.06Private Area of Palace

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4.2 1965, As Pejabat Agama Daerah Klang – Abandon (2012)
When JAIS took over,public spaces are defined as spaces that
are accessible to the public, semi-private spaces are spaces that are
only accessible to those who are given permission to and private
spaces are spaces thatcan only be accessibleby the staffs ofthe office.
On the first floor, the spaces become more private as people
walk into the building. There is definite boundary to where public are
able to go.
The public spaces are where anyone that come and enquire
anything from the counter.
The semi-private area is only accessible by people who are
granted permission as there is one counter in this area. The rest ofthe
space are office space for the staffs and officers in the building. Public
are not allowed to go beyond this area.
The private area on the other hand is area that is only
accessible by staffs. Meeting room and resting area for the staffs are
located here.
Diagram 4.07PAID OfficeSpacePlanningontheGroundFloor

85
On the second floor, the public, semi-private and private area
is not as defined like the firstfloor. It can be defined by the accessibility
to the first floor from the ground floor from the location ofthe staircase.
The area that is easily accessible from the ground floor are public
area and semi-private area so that the public will be able to get to that
spaces without having to cross the private areas where only staffs are
allowed to access.
As seenin diagram* , the public area is accessible viathe firstflight
ofstairs and the semi-private area is accessible via the second flightof
stairs. The private spaces will not be trespassed by public.
Diagram 4.08PAID OfficeSpacePlanningonFirstFloor

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4.2.1 Public Space on Ground Floor
 Tempat Menunggu (Waiting Space)
This space was used as a waiting space for people to wait their turn to
be attended. There were chairs for people to sit until their number is
called.During the palace days,since itwas used as a porch,the arches
were open. However, due to the lack of space when JAIS took over,
they renovated the porch area by covering the arches to convert the
area into an interior space.
 Counter and Bilik Mufti
There was one counter for staff to attend to people for general
purposes. Mufti is defined as a Muslim legal expertwho is empowered
to give rulings on religious matters. The Bilik Mufti was a place where
people could refer to about anything regarding Islamic rules.
Diagram 4.09PAID OfficePublic SpaceonGroundFloor(1)

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 Reception
People who need to meetwith officers or staff in the office for matters
that does not involve services will go to the reception.
 Document Store Room, Clerk Sitting,
There are a few tables here for the clerks of the office to do
administration work for the office. There are also spaces and shelves
near to the clerk tables to store documents. There is one room at the
other side just for storing documents.
Diagram 4.09PAID OfficePublic SpaceonGroundFloor(2)

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4.2.1 Semi-Private Space on Ground Floor
 PejabatPegawai (Officers Office)
The area of this space is very big. Partitions were used to form office
for officers and staffs that were working in the building. The biggest
room at the corner is the highest ranked officer’s room.
 Bilik Alat Tulis ( Stationary Room )
This roomis used to store the office stationary resources.The staffs are
free to access this area to get any sort of stationaries that they need.
Diagram 4.10PAID OfficeSemi-PrivateSpaceonGroundFloor

89
4.2.3 Private Space on Ground Floor
 Walkway, Electric Room.
This area was just used as a walkway for people to getto the other part
of the building. There is an room to store all the electric boxes and is
strictly only for that purpose.
 Anjung
Initially, this place was used as a canteen when it was first taken over
by JAIS. However, when a new building was builtopposite,the canteen
moved to the other side and this area was cleared up.
Diagram 4.11PAID OfficePrivate SpaceonGroundFloor(1)

90
 Syriah Court / Bilik Mesyuarat (Meeting Room)
Initially, this roomwas used as the syariah courtroomwhen the building
was under JAIS. When the building was taken over by PAID, this room
was used as a meeting room for staffs only. Weekly meeting where all
the staffs sit together and talk aboutthe issues in the office will be held
here.
 Pantry
A small pantry for the office staff to take breaks at.
 Counselling Room
During the palace days, these rooms did not exist. Due to the lack of
space, JAIS extended this area to make two counselling rooms.People
who needed counselling on Islamic way of life would be counselled in
this room.
Diagram 4.12PAID OfficePrivate SpaceonGroundFloor(2)

91
4.2.4 Public Space on First Floor
 Counters
There were more counters setup here for the public and was accessible
via the staircase as itwas towards the frontal part of the building. There
is also another counselling rooms and documentstore roomin this area
as well.
 Waiting Area
This area is for people to waitto be attended by the counter upstairs. It
is not a room but just an area with seats.
 Store
There are more stores upstairs to store more documents in the office.
 Counselling Room
There is another counselling room upstairs for people to be counselled.
This room is mainly used by the Kadi to counsel people. Diagram 4.13PAID OfficePublic SpaceonFirstFloor

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4.2.5 Semi-Private Space on First Floor
 Waiting Area
This area is for people who are waiting to be attended by the staff of
this unit to pay fines or bailing others out.
 Detention Room
There are two rooms for detentionto detain those who broke the Islamic
rules and regulations. They will be locked in these room and would not
be able to release until bailed or granted permission.
 Counter
There is a counter for staff attend to the public who have business in
this unit such as bailing others out or paying their fines.
 Officer Room/ Staff Area
Officer’s room is for the officer in charge ofthis unit. There is also staffs
in this unit to handle the other work such as paper work.
Diagram 4.14PAID OfficeSemi-PrivateSpaceonFirst Floor

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4.2.6 Private Space on First Floor
 Court / Office
As the building was shared between the courts and PAID when JAIS
moved to another building, the first floor was used by the court. This
room was used as a court room and a partition was put up to form a
room for the judge. The judge room had a connecting toilet.
When PAID took over the first floor as well, this space was divided by
partition to form cubicalspace for the staff who are working in the office.
 Bilik Kadi
This is the Kadi’s room.Akadi is a judge and also a personwho marries
couples. He has the highest rank in the office.
Diagram 4.15PAID OfficePrivate SpaceonFirst Floor

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5.0 Construction
5.1 Floor
Houses during the early 1900s, buildings were built with
suspended timber ground floor. However, changes were made years
later due to the influence of colonial era.
Concrete ground floor slab was used in our building to overcome
the dampness ofthe earth. However, timber upper floor was remained
to reduce the weight of the upper floor. This had resulted in the
combination of concrete and timber floor.
It has slowly became a construction trend during 19th century for
constructing timber floor slab as the suspended floor slab while
concrete floor slab as the ground floor slab. (Rasdi, 2010) Houses
around the area serve the same feature. Figure5.02TimberFloorSlab
Figure5.01ConcreteFloorSlab

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5.1.2 Timber Floor Slab
Some part of this building adapted the Malay vernacular
architecture, which use light timber-framed structures in forming
elevated floors. Timber floor is used only in the suspended area such
as the upper floor and some part of ground floor where lower ground
floor is located. (Refer to Diagram 5.02 Timber Floor JoistConstruction
for light timber structure.)
The first floor timber joist act as small beams supporting the
timber decking above. The underside of floor structure is left exposed
in our building. By the influence of Malay Vernacular Architecture, the
tenon and mortise joint is used in the joining of floor joist span.
Floor joist are spaced in between for ventilation purpose and
thermal expansion.Accordingto the old traditional Malay House design,
the spacing between the floor joists are for easier cleaning. Floor joist
in this building are relatively close-spaced between each other.
Diagram 5.01Area that uses TimberFloorSlab
Figure5.03Undersideof FloorStructure

96
Diagram 5.02 Timber Floor JoistConstruction
Timber floor joist
Timber decking
Diagram 5.03 Drawing of Timber Floor in
PAID

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5.1.2 Concrete Floor Slab
A concrete slab was uncommon in the early 90s, but they
became more common in the late 90s during the postwar due to the
restriction on imported timber. The early concrete floor slab built was
basically a bed ofconcrete,supported by the ground directly beneath it
and quite independent of the surrounding walls.
When the building was used as a building, the concrete slab
was covered with carpet. However, as it was left abandoned, the
carpets has been removed. Diagram 5.04Area that uses ConcreteFloorSlab
Figure5.04ConcreteFloorSlabthat werepreviously
carpeted

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5.2 Wall
5.2.1 Mansory Wall
Brick masonry wall was a common type of wall construction
during the king’s era as the shop houses around the area which were
built in this period shared the same features.
The masonry wall in this building is in triple layer arrangementto
produce thick load bearing wall which is 380mm at the ground floor and
290mm at the first floor. The column and beam is hardly be seen in this
building therefore wall play as the main supporting member. This is as
Sultan Sulaiman favours thick walls and can also be seen in his other
palace such as Istana Bandar.
Masonry walls consist of modular building blocks bonded
together with mortar to form walls that are durable, fire resistant, and
structurally efficientin compression. Clay bricks are good insulators. As
wall materials, clay bricks make walls heavy and dense and conduct
heat slowly. Bricks can exhibit above normal thermal insulation when
compared to other building materials.

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 Flemish Bond
Flemish bond are commonly used in 18th to 20th century in
colonial building of western country like England. It can be seen in our
building.
Flemish bond has alternating headers and stretchers in each
course, each header being centred above and below a stretcher. Flare
headers with darker ends are often exposed in patterned brickwork.
 English Bond
English bond has alternate courses ofheaders and stretchers in
which the headers are centred in stretchers and the joints between
stretchers line up vertically in all courses.
Diagram 5.05Flemish
BondArrangement
Figure5.05FlemishBondArrangementonthe Building
Diagram 5.06Flemish
BondArrangement
Figure5.06EnglishBondArrangementon the Building

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 Comparison ofEnglish Bond and Flemish Bond
English bond is, upon the whole, to be preferred to Flemish bond
for strength, as it contains a larger proportion of headers. The only
advantage claimed for Flemish bond is its appearance, which is
preferred by many, and has led to its use in brick buildings ofa superior
class. A better face can be shown on both sides by Flemish than by
English bond, as the unequal length of headers causes a rough face
when there are many of them. For thick walls English bond should be
used, if possible: but, if Flemish bond is required, it should have a
backing of English bond.

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5. 2. 2 Retaining Wall
During late 19th century, retaining wall was built because land
was cut at 90 degree. Building nowadays no longer cutin 90 degree as
it is costly. A retaining wall act as a protective structure. It is a structure
that holds back soil from a building.Retaining walls preventdown slope
movement and provide support for vertical or near- vertical grade
changes.
Figure5.07RetainingWallfound at
lowergroundlevel
Figure5.07RetainingWallfound at
lowergroundlevel

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5.3 Ceiling
5.3.1 Suspended Ceiling (Ceiling Board)
Suspended ceiling with aluminium frame supporting gypsum
ceiling board was installed during the office period as it is the most
common feature which can be found in offices.
Old building during the early 90s achieve thermal comfort
through natural ventilation. Therefore, high ceiling was applied.
However,due to the adaption ofthis old building to the office,the ceiling
is lowered to locate the air conditioner.
Suspended ceiling was installed during the office use to disguise
the poor condition ofan existing ceiling, and to conceal wires, pipes or
ducting to suit new function due to the existence of air condition.
The space between the dropped ceiling and the structural ceiling
is known as a ‘plenum space’.
The panels and tiles which make up the surface part ofa dropped
ceiling are made from Gypsum board. Metal frame are widely use
because they are light, easy to store, resistfire, insects and rot. Metal
studs are cheaper than wood.
Diagram 5.07Area that has SuspendedCeiling
Figure5.08 SuspendedCeiling

103
Dropped ceilings are constructed by suspending panels or tiles
on a metal grid. The grid is partially supported by moulding attached to
the walls, but mostof the weightof the panels or tiles is taken by metal
strings that are hung from the ceiling. This construction is known due to
the observation of the hanging metal strings left in most of the rooms.
Metal string
Main runner channels.
Metal lath tied to furring.
Cross furring channel tied to
main runners.
Diagram 5.08DroppedCeilingSupport

104
5.3.2 Suspended Decorative Plaster Ceiling
Suspended Decorative Plaster Ceiling constructed to create
visual impactin the interior space, fill in with aesthetic value and create
a grandeur environment for the office. It was also served to cover the
poor condition of the ceiling above. Decorative ceiling was first mould
in the factory than transport to the site for installation.
Metal studs were first install on the existing ceiling to provide a
firm support for the suspended ceiling. Then the moulded decorative
ceiling will be attach on site to the metal studs. Diagram 5.09LocationofSuspendedDecorativePlasterCeiling
Figure5.09Suspendeddecorativeplasterceiling

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5.3.3 Plasterboard Lined Timber Joist Ceiling
Plasterboard lined timber joistceiling is considered as traditional
construction of ceiling. It has existed since 1894, therefore it might
considered to be the original ceiling during the king’s period.
The panels and tiles which make up the surface part ofa ceiling
are made from plasterboard. The frames and grid arrays for dropped
ceilings are generally made of timber. Diagram 5.10LocationofPlasterboardLinedTimberJoistCeiling
Figure5.10FigureCeilingtimberjoistconnectedtoroof
trusses

106
The plasterboards were directly nailed to the timber joistofroof
trusses to disguise the roof trusses above it. The ceiling joists in grid
are supported by roof trusses above that attached together.
Wood Joist
Strip nails nailed to joist.
Staple
Wall
Diagram 5.11Constructionofplasterboardceiling

107
5.4 Roof
5.4.1 Gable roof
Gable roof is applied in our building. This type of roof is often
used in the palaces of Malay kings and governmentbuildings. Gable
roof enables higher ceiling and better ventilation throughout the
building. Gable roof helps in larger the space in the building without
taking the space from the housing lot.
Figure5.11 GableRoof
Diagram 5.12 Positionof GableRoof.

108
5.4.2 Gambrel Roof
Gambrel roof is only applied in the main building located in the
middle. The installation of gambrel roofwas due to the angular wall in
the building. The gambrel roof had adapted to the culture of Malay
house,which similar to the gable roofbutdiffer from the normal gambrel
roofseeninforeigncountry. The using ofgambrelroofhelps inhandling
the wind loads. Diagram 5.13 Positionof GambrelRoof.
Figure5.12GambrelRoof

109
Ridge Board
Purlin
Common rafters
Ceiling joists
Diagram 5.14GambrelRoofConstruction.

110
5.4.3 Roof Truss
 Pratt Truss
There are two types of rooftrusses used in this building. One of
the roof trusses is Pratt trusses. Pratt truss generally used in room
where longer supporting joist members are located. Therefore, it can
be found in the main hall upper floor which has the long joistmembers
Diagram 5.15 Positionof Pratt Truss.
Diagram 5.16SimpleDrawingofPratt Truss
Figure5.13Pratt Truss

111
 Belgian truss always applied in building with large sloping roof.
The area where the Belgian Trusses applied has a gable roofwhich is
steeper compare to the main hall which has gambrel roof.
Timber roof trusses provide an environmentally friendly
alternative. A truss uses 40 percentless timber than traditional pitched
roof construction methods. Timbers used to construct a truss are
smaller in dimension and span greater distances. Timber is generally
less expensive than steel in the past. It is suitable for many building
types and easy to create high visual impact. However,timberis subject
to rot or wrap. Wood attracts insectinvaders, such as termites, and is
more likely to suffer damage during violent weather or high winds.
Figure5.14Belgiantrusses.
Diagram 5.17Positionof BelgianTruss
Diagram 5.18DrawingOfBelgianTrussinPAID

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6.0 Defects of Building
The building has existed for 103 years. Over the years, there were
many factors that has caused defects to the building. First and
foremost, as the building was builtso long ago,there building materials
used atthat time may not be as good as the ones used now or may not
adapt to the climate in the present. Acid rain may cause corrosion on
the building.
Besides that, the defects such as crack on floor may be due to the
uneven settlement of the building.
Poormaintenance ofthe building caused the building to be in a bad
condition in the present.

113
6.1 Stains
Stains can be seen in many places of the building. The stain
maks the building look more run down and these stains are hard to be
removed. Repainting or refurbishment needs to be done to fix the
problem. There are two types ofstains that can be seen in the building,
water and algae.
6.1.1 Water
Water stains are due to the pipe leakage that causes the water
to sip through. Besides blockage of pipes will cause water to be
collected.Once it cannot be hold anymore, the water will sip through
the walls and ceiling. When water dampens the plaster wall and ceiling,
it will cause a stain to be left.

114
 A1
 A2
This stain is caused by the leaking pipes of the toilets upstairs.
Diagram 6.01Water Stains on GroundFloor
Figure6.01Water StainA1

115
 A3
Caused by the leaking toiletpipes.
 A4
Diagram 6.02Water Stains on FirstFloor

116
6.1.2 Algae
When the water stains are notfixed,the water will cause the area
to be moist. Due to this moisture, algae will start growing and worsen
the condition.
 B1
There is probably a bad pipe leakage here. This is as there is
algae growing not only on the interior walls but also the exterior walls,
causing the façade damage.
Diagram 6.03Algae Stainson GroundFloor
Figure6.05Algae Stain B1, Interior

117
Diagram 6.03Algae Stainson GroundFloor
Figure6.06Algae Stain B1, Interior, CloseUp
Figure6.08Algae Stain B1, Exterior, CloseUp
Figure6.07Algae Stain B1, Exterior

118
 B2
This algae growth is caused by the leaking toilet pipes thatwere not
fixed.
Diagram 6.04Algae Stainson First Floor
Figure6.09Algae Stain B2
Figure6.10Algae Stain B2, CloseUp

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6.2 Holes
6.2.1 Ground
There is two holes big holes on the ground. One on the ground
floor and one on the second floor. Both of the holes are located at the
same location. The holes are caused by the missing spiral staircase.
When the building was abandoned, the spiral staircase was stolen as it
was made ofsteel. The removal ofthe staircase cause that whole area
to be damage.
Figure6.11Holeon the Ground

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 C1
From the hole on the wooden plank atthe lower ground, the basement
where the prayer room ofthe building can be seen. There are a lot of
debris and bricks lefton the floor from the removal ofthe spiral
staircase.
Diagram 6.05GroundHolesonGroundFloor
Figure6.12Holeon the GroundC1 (1)
Figure6.13Holeon the GroundC1(2)

121
 C2
On the first floor, a big round hole can be found. From the top, the
damage ofthe ground floor is very visible.
Diagram 6.06GroundHolesonFirst Floor

122
6.2.2 Walls
There are holes onthe brick walls ofthe building.This is probably
due to the impact when knocking down partitions to form offices when
the building was used by JAIS and PAID. Some holes are also due to
the removal of the air conditioners in the rooms.

123
 D1
Located on top the main entrance door.
Diagram 6.07WallHoleson GroundFloor
Figure6.16Holeon the Wall D1
Figure6.17Holeon the Wall D1, CloseUp

124
 D2
Located on top of the sealed arch. Could be due to the impact of
knocking down the partition that formed the Mufti Room.

125
 D3
D3 is a big hole located on the wall outside the document store room.

126
 D4 and D5
D5 is caused by the removal of air conditioner
Figure6.22Holeon the Wall D4 andD5

127
 D6
D6 is also due to the removal ofthe air condition in the room. This can
be proven by the mark left on the wall.

128
 D7
D7 is due to the removal or something that was attached to the wall.

129
 D8
D8 is caused by the impactwhen knocking some parts ofthe building.

130
 D9
D9 are caused because ofthe removal of something that is previously
attached to the wall. Probably something arc shaped as there is a arc
shape mark left on the wall.
Diagram 6.08WallHoleson First Floor

131
6.2.3 Ceiling
There also holes on the ceiling. This is mainly caused by the
ceiling pieces that dropped off.
Some holes on the ceilings are also cause because of the
removal of electrical appliances such as lights and air-conditions. This
can be proven as the abandon building has no electrical appliances but
only an electric box in the electric room.

132
 E1
E1 are caused by the missing ceiling pieces. The pieces are probably
taken off to remove electric appliances as a hanging wire can be seen.
Diagram 6.09CeilingHolesonGroundFloor
Figure6.32Holeon the CeilingE1

133
 E2
E2 also be cause as the same reason as hole E1.

134
 E3
There are a few similar holes in this ceiling ofthis room. The holes are
due to the removal of lights
Figure6.35Holeon the CeilingE3, CloseUp

135
 E4 and E5
This holes were due to the impactofthe removal ofthe partitions ofthe
room and also the electrical appliances.
Diagram 6.10CeilingHolesonFirstFloor

136
 E6
The whole ceiling in this room is badly damaged and there are a lot of
holes that the rooftiles are visible. Also the impactofthe removal ofthe
electrical appliances and partition has weaken the strength of the
ceiling. Overtime, all the pieces started falling. Another factor is that
these ceilings has been used for a long time unlike ceilings in E1 and
E2.
Figure6.39Holeon the CeilingE6, CloseUp

137
 E7
Just like E1 and E2, these holes are due to the removal ofthe lights in
the room.

138
6.3 Cracks
Different types ofcracks can be seen in the building especially
on the walls. All the walls in the building has a defect. Paint has been
peeled offfrom removal ofsomething that used to stick on to the wall.
These removal ofpaint causes the wall to have cracks. There are also
hairline cracks that can been seen on some ofthe walls. Although
theses cracks may seem like nothing, overtime, itwill cause the
building to be weaker and may even collapse.
All of the noticeable and big cracks can be found on the ground
floor.

139
 F1
These cracks on the walls are due to the pealing of the plaster of the
brick walls. The pealing may be cause by the moisture in the bricks due
to the leaking pipes. The water is accumulated and when the plaster
can no longer hold it, it cracks.
Diagram 6.11CracksonGroundFloor
Figure6.41CrackF1

140
 F2
This crack on the ceiling cause the ceiling to fall. During our first site
visiton the 19 January 2015, only a part ofit was falling. However, due
to the bad weather and the weak building condition, more part of the
ceiling started falling. The fallen ceiling cause this area on the first floor
to be weak and cannot bare too much weight.
Figure6.42CrackF2
Figure6.43CrackF2, CloseUp
Diagram 6.12Locationof Weak
Area on First Floor

141
 F3
This is a hairline crack. It is caused by the impact when the walls are
being knocked to remove the partitions.
 F4
This crack is due to the removal of something that was stuck onto the
wall for a long time with strong glue. When it was taken off, the plaster
came off leaving a crack.
Figure6.44CrackF3
Figure6.45CrackF4

142
 F5
The crack is due to knocking of the walls to remove the partition.
 F6
The hairline crack in the election room is due to the impactof knocking
of walls in the building.
Figure6.46CrackF5
Figure6.47CrackF6

143
 F7
The broken tiles is probably caused by a large impact dropping on it,
causing the crack.
 F8
This crack caused by the removal of an electric switch panel.
Figure6.48CrackF7
Figure6.49CrackF8

144
Reference
All About Exterior Window Shutters. - OldHouseGuy Blog. (n.d.). Retrieved February 18, 2015, from http://www.oldhouseguy.com/shutters
Assoc. Prof. Dr. A. Ghafar Ahmad. (n.d.). MALAY VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE. Retrieved February 13, 2015, from
http://www.hbp.usm.my/conservation/malayvernacular.html
Brickwork: Historic Development, Decay, Conservation and Repair. (1993, January 1). Retrieved February 15, 2015, from
http://www.buildingconservation.com/articles/brick/brickwork.html
Brick Masonry. (2010, June 4). Retrieved February 26, 2015, from http://buildipedia.com/knowledgebase/division-04-masonry/04-20-00-unit-
masonry/04-21-00-clay-unit-masonry/04-21-13-brick-masonry/04-21-13-brick-masonry?print=1&tmpl=component
Case Study: The Hu Yew Seah Building. (2004). In L. Jiao Ping & L. Eel Lin (Eds.), Mobbing Sheppard Memorial Prize (Vol. 3, pp. 28th - 35th). Kuala
Lumpur: Prestiege Art Printco.
Culture & Religion of Malaysia. (n.d.). Retrieved February 15, 2015, from http://www.voyage99.com/culture-and-religion.html
Evolution of Building Elements. (2009.). Retrieved February 17, 2015, from http://fet.uwe.ac.uk/conweb/house_ages/elements/print.html
Finch, K. (2009, October 8). Clay Bricks. Retrieved February 17, 2015, from http://www.homeimprovementpages.com.au/article/clay_bricks
Gardner, R. (n.d.). This Old House - The Traditional Filipino House. Retrieved February 15, 2015, from http://www.aenet.org/photos/bahay.htm
Heritage & Tradition : Malaysia. (n.d.). Retrieved February 12, 2015, from http://heritagetraditionmalaysia.blogspot.com/2010/05/background-of-
vernacular-and-education.html
Historic House Blog. (2009, January 29). Retrieved February 19, 2015, from http://historichouseblog.com/2009/01/29/the-christian-or-cross-bible-
historic-door/

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