3. Foam Concentrates - WWaatteerr AAddddiittiivveess
• Wetting Agents
• Class A Foam
• Class B Foam Concentrates
–Protein & Film Forming Fluoroprotein
(FFFP)
–Aqueous Film Forming Foams (AFFF)
–Alcohol Resistant-AFFF (AR-AFFF)
• Emulsifiers / Spill Response Agents
• Gels
3
Not to be mistaken for
Class A concentrate
4. CCoonncceennttrraattee UUssaaggee
4
• Class A Foam
• Class B Foam
• Emulsifiers /
Spill Response
Agents
• Gels
•• EHxypdoroscuarerb Pornostection
Polar solvents
• Vapor Suppression
• Hydrocarbon
Recovery
Wood, paper, tires,
any Class A
combustible
• Effective in initial
attack, overhaul,
mop-up and
exposure protection
• Does NOT affect
application rates or
manpower
requirements
5. A Extinguishing Aggeenntt SSyynnooppssiiss
5
Water A
Wet Water A
Class A Foam A
AFFF B
AR-AFFF B
FFFP & AR-FFFP B
Emulsifier A / B
Gel A
CHARACTERISTICS
Extinguishing
Agent
Fuel Class
Usage
Ability to
Wet
Ability to
Foam
Ability to
Insulate
Affinity to
Carbon
Indifferent
to Carbon
Reacts
with Fuel
Poor Average Excellent
6. DDoo NNoott MMiixx CCllaassss AA && BB FFooaamm
• Result of mixed foam (in strainer)
6
16. Compressed AAiirr FFooaamm SSyysstteemmss
• Foam solution plus air injected
under pressure
• A foam delivery system that
incorporates
– A water pump
– A foam proportioner
–An air compressor
16
CCAAFFSS
19. PPaallmmddaallee SSttuuddyy
• Los Angeles
County Fire
Department
• 2001 test burns
• Scientifically
conducted
19
• To compare
– Water
Temperature
readings
– Floor
– Ceiling
– 1’ increments
Class A Foam
CAFS
• Reported in Fire
Chief Magazine
– August, 2001
21. CCrriittiiccaall AApppplliiccaattiioonn RRaattee
• The flow rate (water or solution) on a
fire at which the fire does not grow
– Exceed the critical application rate and the
fire is extinguished
– Flow less than the critical application rate
and the fire burns unchecked
21
23. TTiimmee TToo KKnnoocckkddoowwnn
Water: 50 seconds
Foam: 25 seconds
50% better than water
CAFS: 11 seconds
78% better than water
66% better than foam
Extinguishment Medium Time (sec.)
23
0:57
0:50
0:43
0:36
0:28
0:21
0:14
0:07
0:00
Wate
r
Foam
CAFS
24. Gallons RReeqquuiirreedd FFoorr KKnnoocckkddoowwnn
Water: 73 gallons
Foam: 44 gallons
40% better than water
CAFS: 16 gallons
79% better than water
64% better than foam
Extinguishment Medium Gallons
24
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Water
Foam
CAFS
25. TToottaall GGaalllloonnss UUsseedd
Water: 320 gallons
Foam: 95 gallons
71% better than water
CAFS: 45 gallons
86% better than water
53% better than foam
Extinguishment Medium Gallons
25
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Water
Foam
CAFS
After 225 gallons,
IC ordered foam
to aid overhaul
26. TTiimmee TToo CCooooll:: 660000°°FF TToo 220000°°FF
Water: 6:03 min
Foam: 1:45 min
71% better than water
CAFS: 1:28 min
76% better than water
17% better than foam
Extinguishment Medium Time (min.)
26
7:12
6:00
4:48
3:36
2:24
1:12
0:00
Water
Foam CAFS
28. WWhhaatt TThheessee TTeessttss PPrroovvee
• Naturally aspirated foam (NAF)
beats water
–Time to knockdown
–Gallons to knockdown
–Total water used
–Cooling
• Compressed Air Foam beats NAF -
in all categories
28
36. FFiirree RReeppoorrtteedd!!
36
• 1890’s brick
schoolhouse
– 4 miles outside
of town
– No hydrants
• First pumper
on scene
– 6 minute
response
– 750 gallons of
water
– FoamPro 2001
Proportioner
37. FFiirree KKnnoocckkeedd DDoowwnn!!
37
• Initial attack
– 2-1/2” line
– 328 gpm
– 0.5% Class A
foam
• Knockdown!
– 6 seconds
– 33 gallons of
water
– 0.17 gallons of
Class A foam
concentrate
38. O Effectiveness Onn TTiirree FFiirreess
Water:
– 750 gpm supplied by:
– Two 2-1/2” lines
– Two 1-3/4” lines
38
– No effect
Class A foam:
– 60 gpm @ 0.5%
– Medium expansion
– 20 minute knockdown
Effect Of
Class A Foam
Effect Of
Plain Water
40. Garage AAfftteerr 3355 SSeeccoonndd AAttttaacckk
NOTE: Lack of smoke; ability of Class A foam to bond with
40
carbon
41. SSttrruuccttuurraall –– EExxtteerriioorr AAttttaacckk
41
• 200' x 24' x 35'
wood frame
structure
• Attack with single
1 ½" CAFS line
with 1" tip
• Approximately 50
gpm, 20 cfm at
0.5%
44. BBeenneeffiittss OOff CCllaassss AA FFooaamm
TToo TThhee DDeeppaarrttmmeenntt
• Improves firefighter safety
• Increases efficiency of
plain water 2 to 4 times
• Faster fire knockdown
• Reduces heat rapidly
• Reduces property
damage
44
• Reduces overhaul
• Fewer rekindles
• Protection of exposures
• Preserves evidence
• Faster cleanup
• Reduces on scene
time
45. PPooiinnttss TToo PPoonnddeerr
• Fact:
–Class A foam is a 2X improvement
over water
–CAFS is a 4X improvement over
water
45
46. PPooiinnttss TToo PPoonnddeerr
• Immediately reduce your fire losses by 50
to 75% … just by implementing Class A
foam or CAFS.
• What other initiative would have as
significant an impact for your
department?
• If this is not a top priority for your
department, why not?
46
48. FFooaamm RReeffiillll SSyysstteemmss –– WWhhaatt TThheeyy OOffffeerr
• Improved safety
• Improved efficiency
• Improved Economy
48
• Accomplish No slips or falls
task
faster from climbing with fewer
on
personnel
top of vehicles
• No injuries from
lifting foam
containers
Purchase
concentrate in
larger containers for
less cost
PPrraaccttiiccaall TTiipp:: WWhheenn bbiiddddiinngg ccoonncceennttrraattee,,
rreeqquueesstt qquuootteess iinn llaarrggeerr ccoonnttaaiinneerrss,, aass
wweellll aass tthhee nnoorrmmaall 55 ggaalllloonn ppaaiillss..
49. PUMP
BASED
49
BALANCED
PRESSURE
DIRECT
INJECTION
DC Driven Hydraulically
Driven
50. 50
Water
Tank
Water
Pump
Foam
Tank
Multiple
Discharges
2000 Series
Line Strainer
EElleeccttrroonniicc DDiirreecctt
IInnjjeeccttiioonn PPrrooppoorrttiioonneerrss
Check
Valves
Flow
Meter
51. 12 // 2244 VVoolltt DDCC PPrrooppoorrttiioonneerrss
((FFooaammPPrroo MMooddeell 22000000 SSeerriieess))
• Mainstay of Municipal
and Wildland
departments
• Primarily Class A foam
applications (97% of
fires)
• Majority installed with
Dual Tank systems
(A and B concentrates)
51
53. CCaappaabbiilliittiieess OOff AA 55..00 GGPPMM SSyysstteemm
Class A Attack Capability
% SolutionAttack Capability
0.2% 2,000 GPM 200,000 cu ft
0.5% 1,000 GPM 100,000 cu ft
1.0% 500 GPM 50,000 cu ft
Solution flow and critical application rate using
the Iowa formula
53
54. CCaappaabbiilliittiieess OOff AA 55..00 GGPPMM SSyysstteemm
Class B Attack Capability
% Solution Attack Capability
1.0% 500 GPM 4,980 sq ft
3.0% 166 GPM 1,660 sq ft
6.0% 87 GPM 830 sq ft
Solution flow and critical application rate on
Hydrocarbon @ 0.10 gpm / sq ft
54
55. LLiimmiittaattiioonnss OOff AA 55..00 GGPPMM SSyysstteemm
• Viscosity limitations
–Will not perform to rated capacity
• Foam supply
–No outboard pickup capability
• So what is the answer?
55
56. DIRECT
INJECTION
DC Driven Hydraulically
56
Driven
Single
Port
Injection
Multi
Port
Injection
57. NNeeww HHiigghheerr CCaappaacciittyy AA // BB SSyysstteemmss
((FFooaammPPrroo MMooddeell 33001122))
• Offers Full Range Of Class A
and B Capability
57
- 0.1 – 12.0 GPM
• Low end for Class A
• Improved Class B flows
- 1200 GPM at 1%
- 400 GPM at 3%
- 200 GPM at 6%
• Handles all A and B
concentrates
• Outboard pickup capability
58. CCaappaabbiilliittiieess OOff AA 1122..00 GGPPMM SSyysstteemm
Class A Attack Capability
% SolutionAttack Capability
0.2% 6,000 GPM 600,000 cu ft
0.5% 2,400 GPM 240,000 cu ft
1.0% 1,200 GPM 120,000 cu ft
Solution flow and critical application rate using
the Iowa formula
58
59. CCaappaabbiilliittiieess OOff AA 1122..00 GGPPMM SSyysstteemm
Class B Attack Capability
% SolutionAttack Capability
1.0% 1,200 GPM 12,000 sq ft
3.0% 400 GPM 4,000 sq ft
6.0% 200 GPM 2,000 sq ft
Solution flow and critical application rate on
Hydrocarbon @ 0.10 gpm / sq ft
59
