5. TRIANGLUATION
And good creativity goes beyond ‘pure design’ issues
Feasibility
Scope
Market
Cost
TTM
Legislation
Innovation
Economics
6. Continually ask the 12 Questions for Design:
1. What is the problem/opportunity?
2. Are the risks known/mitigated?
3. What is possible/impossible?
4. What is fixed/changeable?
5. What is the design brief?
6. What is the likely future impact predictable?
7. What are the elements of design?
8. How is value created/consumed
9. What happens after design?
10. What solutions are there?
11. Is the proposed design successful?
12. What is the design rationale?
Practical recommendation
8. MANIFESTATION
‘The action of making manifest;
†exposition, explanation (obs.); the fact of
being manifested; the demonstration,
revelation, or display of the existence,
presence, qualities, or nature of some
person or thing.’
OED
And the real value of DesignThinking is…….
10. Such manifestations are akin to Boundary Objects
‘A boundary object is a concept in boundary
object is a concept in sociology to describe
information used in different ways by different
communities.They are plastic, interpreted
differently across communities but with enough
immutable content to maintain integrity.The
concept was introduced by Susan Leigh Star and
James R. Griesemer in a 1989 publication (p.
393):’
Wikipedia
11. Create and communicate thinking through
boundary objects as early as possible and ensure
involvement and buy-in among stakeholders
Practical recommendation
14. Design’s intent and impact can be more or less explicit
‘NewYork's Long Island highway overpasses
were deliberately designed by Robert Moses so
as to be too low to allow passage beneath them
by public buses.This design decision was also a
political decision, and the technical arrangement
it put in place was also a political
arrangement….low overpasses effectively denied
poor people and racial minorities…access to the
public park and beaches.’
Winner, 1980
16. Create user stories that account for impact
based on ethical principles such as:
• Autonomy
• Fairness
• Non-maleficence
• Beneficence
Practical recommendation
17. Example Universal User Stories:
As a user I can tailor my experience to meet my needs without
loss of quality
As a user my experience is effective, efficient and satisfying
throughout the product/service lifecycle
As a user I am enabled to be fully in control of my experience
and learn from it.
As a user I derive sustainable value and benefit from my
experience.
As a user I am made aware of potential harm and protected
from it.
As a user my freedom and the respect for others is enhanced.
As a user I am able to provide feedback in anonymity.
Practical recommendation (2)