Urban Design and Street Typology: Do They Matter?
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Despite a growing body of work defining the benefits and methods to encourage multi-modal travel, only a small body of research has worked to fuse urban design and complete street philosophies. Based on work recently published in the Journal of Planning Education and Research on street design and two-way street conversions, Dr. William Riggs will discuss how street typologies and complete streets dialogues are linked, and how urban design policies might be advanced to facilitate safer and more livable streets.
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Urban Design and Street Typology: Do They Matter?
- 1. URBAN DESIGN & STREET TYPOLOGY Do they matter? William Riggs, PhD, AICP, LEED AP Assistant Professor, City & Regional Planning Tweet questions to @billyriggs
- 3. RATIONALE
- 6. 6
- 7. CONTEXT
- 8. CONTEXT 1 Louisville, KY • Brook and First Streets – One way multi-lane parallel streets since the 1950’s – Converted to a two way, single lane street with a bike lane in Summer 2011
- 9. One way Brook Street: July 2007
- 10. Two-way Brook Street August 2011
- 11. CONTEXT 2 LONDON USE OF CARROTS & STICKS TO MEET SUSTAINABILITY GOALS PUSH PEOPLE OUT OF CARS & PULL PEOPLE TO TRANSIT, BIKES & WALKING Source: Greater London Authority
- 12. Source: Broaddus, 2014 ECON CHANGE 01-11
- 13. OUTCOME
- 14. CORE QUESTIONS • Can thinking about street design increase safety (Riggs and Gilderbloom, 2015)? • Can investments in pedestrian / bike safety bring about more ecological and economic resilience (Gilderbloom, Riggs & Meares, 2014)?
- 15. LONDON OUTCOME 1 SURVEY OF MODE SHIFT SUCESS • Push people out of cars with fiscal stick • Vehicle traffic volumes reduced 27%, stable over time • 80,000 fewer vehicles per day • Pull people into sustainable modes • Transit use up 14%, rising mode share for biking and walking
- 16. 2001 to 2011 - 11.3% growth in trips made in Greater London Source: Broaddus, 2014 TRIP CHANGE 01-11
- 17. MODE SHIFT 2001 to 2011 – 6% decline in driving, 6% growth in transit use
- 18. LONDON OUTCOME 2 FUNDING & BUILT ENVIRONMENT CHANGES • £150M Annually for Transit, Bike, & Ped Improve • Key Projects / Locations • Exhibition Road • Shepherd’s Bush Westfield • Thames Bicycle Superhighway • Bike Share
- 23. LONDON OUTCOME 3 LESSONS IN DESIGN • Experimentation • Focus on simplicity and existing assets • Land use and form parallels
- 28. LOUISVILLE OUTCOME 1 • Decreased – Collisions: • -36% on Brook • -60% on First • Increased – Traffic Volumes – Calmer traffic – Pedestrian & bike traffic Significant decrease in accidents despite slight increase in volumes Speeds up to 50-60 mph were clocked during the am peak on one-way segments (limit is 35 mph)
- 29. LOUISVILLE OUTCOME 2 • Increased – Property Improvements: 2x • Property Values: – 39% on Brook – Tax revenue Significant increase in property values
- 30. Property Taxes • Average for one-way streets is: $17,886 • Average for two-way streets is: $42,820 – Increased property taxes could pay for conversion (value capture) – >$250,000 lost taxes – West Louisville: multi-lane one-way streets lose ~$2 million in taxes
- 31. LOUISVILLE OUTCOME 3 • Decreased – Crime 23% • Increased – Business revenues Significant decrease in crime despite slight increase in citywide and in an adjacent neighborhood
- 32. Photos tell the story of thriving business on two-way
- 33. Abandoned business/vacant structure on one-way segments
- 35. KEY LESSIONS & FUTURE WORK • STREET SUITABILITY / DESIGN OF SURROUNDS MATTER • TYPOLOGY / STREET TYPOLOGY ARE ALSO IMPORTANT & MAY HAVE TRAFFIC CALMING EFFECT – Hypothesis 1: Perceived Distance – Hypothesis 2: Visual Interest
- 36. FUTURE WORK • Longitudinally track the impact of numerous street conversions • Evaluate perceptions on different streets with varying LOS
Editor's Notes
- BAN DESIGN & STREET TYPOLOGY Do they matter for the safety of bicyclists and pedestrians?
- …and they live in communities where, as you can see, everybody needs a car to get from one place to another.
- …and they live in communities where, as you can see, everybody needs a car to get from one place to another.
- But we haven’t been building nearly enough housing near our job centers. As a result, workers have to endure long commutes and use a lot of gas driving between their jobs and their houses…
- - Comparatively, the Bay Area is leading the US in terms of both investigating and thinking about resilience, and adopting sustainable design strategies. - But, there are others who are exceeding us in reducing our 20 MTCO2 emission per person per annum,
- …and they live in communities where, as you can see, everybody needs a car to get from one place to another.
- …and they live in communities where, as you can see, everybody needs a car to get from one place to another. Meeting sustainability goals requires strategies to reduce vehicle miles travelled (VMT) There are dozens of transportation demand management (TDM) policies aimed at a variety of scales, implemented by variety of actors London has implemented an aggressive combination of carrot and stick measures over the past ten years to reduce car use and increase transit and bicycle use This study considers the impacts of these measures as a package, with a particular focus on congestion charging
- …and they live in communities where, as you can see, everybody needs a car to get from one place to another.
- …and they live in communities where, as you can see, everybody needs a car to get from one place to another.
- …and they live in communities where, as you can see, everybody needs a car to get from one place to another.
- Estimated number of daily trips, 7 day week. Millions.
- …and they live in communities where, as you can see, everybody needs a car to get from one place to another.
- …and they live in communities where, as you can see, everybody needs a car to get from one place to another.
- - Comparatively, the Bay Area is leading the US in terms of both investigating and thinking about resilience, and adopting sustainable design strategies. - But, there are others who are exceeding us in reducing our 20 MTCO2 emission per person per annum,
- …and they live in communities where, as you can see, everybody needs a car to get from one place to another.
- - Comparatively, the Bay Area is leading the US in terms of both investigating and thinking about resilience, and adopting sustainable design strategies. - But, there are others who are exceeding us in reducing our 20 MTCO2 emission per person per annum,
- - Comparatively, the Bay Area is leading the US in terms of both investigating and thinking about resilience, and adopting sustainable design strategies. - But, there are others who are exceeding us in reducing our 20 MTCO2 emission per person per annum,