APA References and Citations (All Double Spaced)
Dr. Mary Alice Kritsonis
National FORUM Online Editor
National Research and Manuscript Preparation Editor
National FORUM Journals
Book
Kritsonis, W. A. (2005). Philosophy of education. Houston, TX: National FORUM Press. (Reference)
(Kritsonis, 2005) or (Kritsonis, 2005, p. 16) (Citation-use page numbers with a direct quote; if no
author is given, place title in the author position.)
Later Edition of a Book
Kritsonis, W. A. (2007). Philosophy of education (3rd ed.). Houston, TX: National FORUM Press. (Reference)
(Kritsonis, 2007) (Citation)
Only Part of a Book
Smith, J.A., & Cole, S.R. (2005). Inclusion classes in middle schools. In W. A. Kritsonis (Ed.), William
Kritsonis, PhD on schooling (pp. 130-142). Houston, TX: National FORUM Press. (Reference)
(Smith & Cole, 2005) (Citation)
Entry in an Encyclopedia
Kritsonis, W. A. (1993). Reading. In The new encyclopedia Britannica (Vol.26, pp. 501-508). Chicago:
Encyclopedia Britannica. (Reference)
(Kritsonis, 1993) (Citation)
Journal or Magazine
Kritsonis, W. A., Smith, T., Hill, M.A., Abbey, S.E., Frank, R., Power, C.D., & et al. (2007). National
implications: Discipline in schools. National FORUM of Educational Administration and Supervision
Journal, 6(1), 12-16. (Reference-volume number is also in italics)
(Kritsonis et al., 2007) (Citation)
Citation of a Work Discussed in a Secondary Source
Kritsonis, W. A. (2007). Models of special education. National FORUM of Special Education, 6(1), 2-8. (Reference)
Blackbourn’s study (as cited in Kritsonis, 2007) (Citation)
Newspaper
Kritsonis, W. A. (2007, February 3). School discipline. Houston Chronicle, p. A4. (Reference)
(Kritsonis, 2007) (Citation)
Paper Presentation
Kritsonis, W. A. (2003, January). Supervision of teachers. Paper presented at the National Council of
Professors of Educational Administration, Flagstaff, AZ. (Reference)
(Kritsonis, 2003) (Citation)
Published Dissertation or Thesis
Kritsonis, W. A. (1976). A study of supreme and district court decisions (Doctoral dissertation, University
of Iowa, 1976). Dissertation Abstracts International, 59(5), 1635. (UMI No. 9876543) (Reference)
(Kritsonis, 1976) (Citation)
Unpublished Dissertation or Thesis
Kritsonis, W. A. (1971). Principals motivating reading teachers. Unpublished master’s thesis, Seattle
Pacific University, Seattle, WA. (Reference)

(Kritsonis, 1971) (Citation)
Government and Legal Documents
U. S. Department of Education. (2003). No child left behind. (DOE Publication No. 234/4-90/05).
Washington, DC: Author. (Reference-when the author and publisher are the same, use the word
Author as the publisher. If a different publisher, use the publisher’s name)
(U. S. Department of Education [DOE], 2003) (Citation)
Pamphlet or Brochure
Research and Training of School Leaders (2004). Guidelines for training school leaders (4th ed.)
[Brochure]. Houston, TX: Author. (Reference)
(Research and Training School Leaders, 2004) (Citation)
Website
Kritsonis, W. A. (2007). Schooling in the 21st century. The National FORUM Journals Web. Retrieved
February 5, 2007, from http://www.nationalforum.com (Reference-use name of website if
have it; use (n.d.) if no date)
(Kritsonis, 2007) (Citation)
Internet Journal or Magazine (Only Online)
Kritsonis, W. A. (2007). Assessment of principals of special education schools. National FORUM of Special
Education, 10(1). Retrieved February 4, 2007, from http://www.nationalforum.com (Reference)
(Kritsonis, 2007) (Citation)
Internet Journal or Magazine (Electronic Version of Printed Article)
Kritsonis, W.A. (2005). Principals and parents work together [Electronic version]. National FORUM of
Educational Administration and Supervision Journal, 23(4), 13-18. (Reference)
(Kritsonis, 2005) (Citation)
Article Retrieved from a Database
Kritsonis, W. A. (2006). The effects of anxiety on state testing. National FORUM of Teacher Education
Journal, 12(2), 114-120. Retrieved April 10, 2006, from EBSCOHost Academic Search Premier
database. (Reference)
(Kritsonis, 2006) (Citation)
Report from Educational Resources Information (ERIC)
Kritsonis, W. A. (1992). Teachers’ perceptions of ADHD (Report No. NCRTL-RR-96-3). East Lansing,
MI: National Center for Research on Teacher Learning. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED
3456082) (Reference)
(Kritsonis, 1992) (Citation)
Online Encyclopedia
Schools in America. (2005). In World Book Encyclopedia. Retrieved November 20, 2006, from
http://www.worldbookencyclopedia.schoolsinamerica/ (Reference-no author)
(Schools in America, 2005) (Citation)
Online Government Publication
U. S. Department of Education. (2003, January 11). State teacher salary fact sheet. Retrieved February 12,
2003, from http://www.cdc.gov/education_2003/factsheets/factsheet_teachersalary.htm (Reference)
(U.S. Department of Education {USDOE}, 2003) (Citation)
Additional information about APA formatting can be found at www.nationalforum.com
Pull down in the menu under Products and Services and go to the APA links.

American Psychological Association (2005). Publication manual of the American
Psychological Association (5th ed.). Washington DC: Author.
APA Direct Quotations (Double Spaced)
A Direct Quote of Fewer Than 40 Words
President Obama said, “We need to look forward as opposed to looking backwards”
(Obama, 2009, p. 5).
A Direct Quote of 40 Words or More
According to James (1902),
Let no youth have any anxiety about the upshot (conclusion) of his education,
whatever the line of it may be. If he keeps faithfully busy each hour of the
working day, he may safely leave the final result to itself. He can, with perfect
certainty, count on waking up some fine morning to find himself one of the
competent ones of his generation, in whatever pursuit he may have singled out.
(pp. 5-6)
James said,
Let no youth have any anxiety about the upshot (conclusion) of his education,
whatever the line of it may be. If he keeps faithfully busy each hour of the
working day, he may safely leave the final result to itself. He can, with perfect
certainty, count on waking up some fine morning to find himself one of the
competent ones of his generation, in whatever pursuit he may have singled out.
(1902, pp. 5-6)