An organization can smoothly function only if it has men,materials and machine in the right combination. Timelines, accuracy, consistency,completeness,reliability and objectivity, confidentiality, integrity and availability are the core characteristics of Information Reporting systems in an organization.  For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/welingkarshybridDlp "Join us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/welearnindia Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/WeLearnIndia Read our latest blog at: http://welearnindia.wordpress.com Subscribe to our Slideshare Channel: http://www.slideshare.net/welingkarDLP"

1. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
I.T. for Management
CHAPTER-5
Information Reporting in
an organization
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2. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Information Reporting in an organization
Reporting Needs
A organization consists of Men, Money, Materials
The presence of these three in ideal combination
is necessary for the smooth functioning
Reporting is primarily a Bottoms-up approach in
the organization
Operational reporting is required to run and
manage the operations of an organization
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3. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Information Reporting in an organization
End user Ad Hoc Reporting
The desktop reporting that is for functional users is
created on a need basis
It tends to be nonrecurring and of a limited scope
Focus of this type of reporting ranges from
transactional data to aggregated data
The users need a full understanding of the data used
for reporting
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4. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Information Reporting in an organization
Compliance/Externally Mandated Reporting
The compliance Mandated reporting is required
reporting for state and federal departments. The
compliance based reporting program is Structural and
hence can be preprogrammed Due to several scams in
recent times the emphasis on public disclosures as well
as adequacy of internal controls is becoming very
important. Information system should therefore have
sufficient functional as well as security controls built
into them
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5. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Information Reporting in an organization
Analytical Reporting
This category of management reporting requires the
slicing and dicing of the data
Online analytical processing or OLAP is new generation
of tools which allows this kind of analysis.
Social reporting
The responsibilities of business go far beyond a financial
accounting concern to bottom line of short profit and
loss
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6. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Information Reporting in an organization
Structured Vs Un Structured Reports
Reporting requirements can be classified based on
relative Structuredness of the information & its usage.
Reports supporting these types of decision tend to be
1. Well formed & structured(predefined format)
2. Semi structured (partly rule based) for instance a
query builder where the user is allowed to pick
columns & conditions for filtering
Cont…….
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7. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Information Reporting in an organization
Structured Vs Un Structured Reports
Entirely unstructured
Where perhaps a user types his own query which can
be different every time he uses the system depending
on what he is looking for
These kind of query may be used for gaining insight or
knowledge discovery as done in data mining
It could also be used for simulation & what if analysis to
study potential impact of a decision before actually
implementing them
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8. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Information Reporting in an organization
Characteristics of MIS report
Management uses MIS to recognize, monitor,
Measure, limit, & manage risk in an institution
MIS reports must contain five element
1. Timeliness:
This requires the MIS to provide and distribute the
current information promptly to the appropriate users
For example the board directors may require
daily, monthly reports
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9. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Information Reporting in an organization
Characteristics of MIS report
2. Accuracy:
This requires a system of internal controls throughout
all information processing activities
3. Consistency
This requires the data to be collected and reported
uniformly
4. Completeness
Management needs reports that contain all pertinent
information in a summarized format Cont……
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10. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Information Reporting in an organization
Characteristics of MIS report
5. Relevance:
Report having exact information needed for top
management to take
6. Reliability & objectivity:
This indicates the level of trust which can be placed on MIS.
This stems from the reliability of the source of data used for
the MIS
7. Confidentiality:
This refers to the fact that only authorized users are allowed
to access the information Cont…..
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11. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Information Reporting in an organization
Characteristics of MIS report
8. Integrity:
Indicates that the information is authentic and along
the processing cycle the validity of information has
not been compromised.
9. Availability:
Availability indicates that the needed information is
available to the user when & where it is required
Availability is a matter of policy
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12. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Information Reporting in an organization
Presentation
The manner in which report is presented also has
significance
One can improve the presentation of printed reports
By standardizing some of following aspects
• Stationary -Size(A4) quality of paper (Bond)
• Consistency of printing –Landscape Vs Portrait
• Headers & footers
Cont…..
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13. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Information Reporting in an organization
Presentation
• Contents of MIS have following type of column
• One or more Business critical areas about which
data is being reported
• Quantifiable measures of performance for each of
CSFs known as key performance indicator (KPI)
• Standard of performance for each of CSF-KPI in
appropriate units
• Data on Actuals against each CSF-KPI
Cont….
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14. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Information Reporting in an organization
Presentation Bias
Presentation Bias is the term which describes how the
reader of a report can be influenced towards specific
direction of thinking based on the manner in which data is
presented
For instance if a report says there were 10 cases of delayed
delivery. It may carry limited impact on the reader. If same
report to state that 50%of the cases were delayed, impact
on the reader is more
It is also equally important to note that this influence or bias
can be used in a positive manner
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15. Welingkar’s Distance Learning Division
Information Reporting in an organization
End of Chapter 5
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