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Assessment of the Water-Food-EnergyEcosystems Nexus in transboundary
river basins: the Alazani/Ganikh Basin
Pilot
Annukka Lipponen
United Nations Economic
Commission for Europe (UNECE)
Manuel Welsch, Lucia de Strasser,
Sebastian Hermann,
Mark Howells
KTH Royal Institute of Technology,
Stockholm, Sweden
Assessment of the water-foodenergy-ecosystems nexus under
the Water Convention in selected basins
• Part of the Convention’s Work Programme 2013-2015
• Work overseen and guided by the Task Force on the WaterFood-Energy-Ecosystems Nexus
• Some 6-8 basins to be assessed – pan-Europe, Africa, Asia;
different nexus settings, climate, resource scarcity etc.
• Key partners: Finland (lead)/Finnish Environment Institute
SYKE, FAO, Royal Institute of Technology (Stockholm)
• Methodology developed, piloted & going through stakeholder
consultation
• Basin assessments January 2014 - April 2015; report August
2015
What does the nexus entail
in a transboundary context?
• Finding a balance between various uses and protection of
the resource: address the trade offs and increase synergies
• Necessary to coordinate plans & management measures
between the riparian countries ― nexus further complicated!
• Needed:
• Increased understanding, dialogue and participation
• Effective institutions and legal frameworks
• Decision-support tools (monitoring, impact assessment
etc.)
• Regulations, economic tools
• Sharing / solidarity/political willingness
Some Key Features of the
Methodological Approach/process…

 Participatory processes  Capacity building
 Sound scientific analysis  Collective effort
 Knowledge mobilization
Diagnostic Phase
The nexus analysis starts with a large-spectrum set of questions regarding
the natural and socio-economical conditions, and human interaction with the
environment of the target basin.

This performed by:
• Joint identification of the pressing inter-sectoral
issues with national sectoral administrations and
basin stakeholders (workshop)
• Develop and distribute a «diagnostic questionaire»
• Using available statistics data and indicators

Water scarcity?
Pollution?
Biodiversity?
Irrigation? Floods? Erosion?
Climate Change?
Growing demand?
Diagnostic Phase

some examples of indicators and their potential interlinkages

WATER
- Water
withdrawals?
- Share of
groundwater
use?
- Sectoral water
demands
(agriculture)
- ….

FOOD &
LAND USE
- Food selfsufficiency?
- Agricultural
efficiency (water
demand?)
- Fertilizer and
pumping
requirements?
- Biofuel policies?
….

ENERGY

ECOSYSTEMS

CLIMATE

- Water footprint
of energy
technologies?
- Energy mix
- Energy selfsufficiency?
Energy demand
for agriculture?
- ….

- Protected areas
and vulnerable
zones?
- Biodiversity
hotspots
- Endangered
species?
- Ecosystem
services affected?
- ….

- Likely affected
by climate
change?
- An increase /
decrease in
water
availability?
- ….
Nexus Analysis
Alazani/Ganikh pilot assessment:
Azerbaijan & Georgia
Interactive multi-sectoral basin workshop in Kachreti, Georgia,
25-27 November 2013; organised in cooperation with
UNDP/GEF project “Reducing Transboundary Degradation in
the Kura Aras River Basin” and the Ministry of Environment
Protection and Natural Resources of Georgia
Among the participants:
ministries of environment,
energy, agriculture,
emergency situations;
communities;
agencies, companies;
civil society
Energy

Land / Food

Using
Gasification
Firewood as
and
Electrificatio
primary
nenergy
of Rural
Areas
source

Reforestation
Deforestation

Energy
Growth

Degradation of
Improvement
of Hydrological
Hydrological
Regime

Water

With Improved
Water
Management

Restoration of
Loss of
ecosystems
services

Ecosystems
Identification of potential solutions
jointly with the riparian countries and
between the sectors
• What the countries plan? Are the plans of the different
sectors compatible? What do changing drivers & the
climate outlook mean for the nexus? How to better
reconcile the different uses?
• What opportunities there are to reduce negative
intersectoral impacts and enhance synergy? Institutional
arrangements at transboundary level conducive to
intersectoral coordination?
• Diverse solutions! Changes to
policies, new policies, management
and measures practices, institutional
arrangements, ways the
infrastructure is operated ...
Tendencies & particularities of the
Alazani/Ganikh case
• Development pressures: inter-sectoral considerations timely
• Expansion of hydropower in Georgia (new energy strategy)
• Gasification available in urban areas but remains beyond
affordability for many (GE)
• Large state programmes; state companies and operators
• IWRM plans under development in Georgia and in
Azerbaijan with GEF support
• Agreement on transboundary waters being negotiated (AZGE); multi-sector representation from the countries
Some concluding points:
(1) What can the governments do?
• Ensuring collection of relevant data & information,
making it available
• Ensuring a rational and predictable policy framework
to help spur the development and adoption of more water
efficient technologies in the energy sector
• Setting appropriate permit conditions for sectoral
development projects, requiring EIA (also transboundary)
• Strategic planning of locating infrastructure projects
• Ensuring relevant sectors' representation and
consultation also in institutions for transboundary
cooperation
Some concluding points:
(2) Challenges and opportunities
• Commonly channels & forums for dialogue & coordination
absent or undeveloped, both at national and transboundary levels
• very few methods or diagnostic tools that allow for fast and
quantitative appraisal of nexus issues; need to appraise
consistent inter-sectoral scenarios (compound effects!)
• water not valued consistently between sectors
• By sharing information and through dialogue by applying
assessment tools (including mapping and models), it is possible
to find win-win opportunities
• shortages raise awareness about vulnerabilities and can trigger
more rationalised use of water
• knowledge base improving, good practices getting
disseminated (context specificity!)

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Assessment of the Water-Food-Energy-Ecosystems Nexus in transboundary river basins: the Alazani/Ganikh Basin Pilot, by Annukka Lipponen from UNECE

  • 1. Assessment of the Water-Food-EnergyEcosystems Nexus in transboundary river basins: the Alazani/Ganikh Basin Pilot Annukka Lipponen United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Manuel Welsch, Lucia de Strasser, Sebastian Hermann, Mark Howells KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
  • 2. Assessment of the water-foodenergy-ecosystems nexus under the Water Convention in selected basins • Part of the Convention’s Work Programme 2013-2015 • Work overseen and guided by the Task Force on the WaterFood-Energy-Ecosystems Nexus • Some 6-8 basins to be assessed – pan-Europe, Africa, Asia; different nexus settings, climate, resource scarcity etc. • Key partners: Finland (lead)/Finnish Environment Institute SYKE, FAO, Royal Institute of Technology (Stockholm) • Methodology developed, piloted & going through stakeholder consultation • Basin assessments January 2014 - April 2015; report August 2015
  • 3. What does the nexus entail in a transboundary context? • Finding a balance between various uses and protection of the resource: address the trade offs and increase synergies • Necessary to coordinate plans & management measures between the riparian countries ― nexus further complicated! • Needed: • Increased understanding, dialogue and participation • Effective institutions and legal frameworks • Decision-support tools (monitoring, impact assessment etc.) • Regulations, economic tools • Sharing / solidarity/political willingness
  • 4. Some Key Features of the Methodological Approach/process…  Participatory processes  Capacity building  Sound scientific analysis  Collective effort  Knowledge mobilization
  • 5. Diagnostic Phase The nexus analysis starts with a large-spectrum set of questions regarding the natural and socio-economical conditions, and human interaction with the environment of the target basin. This performed by: • Joint identification of the pressing inter-sectoral issues with national sectoral administrations and basin stakeholders (workshop) • Develop and distribute a «diagnostic questionaire» • Using available statistics data and indicators Water scarcity? Pollution? Biodiversity? Irrigation? Floods? Erosion? Climate Change? Growing demand?
  • 6. Diagnostic Phase some examples of indicators and their potential interlinkages WATER - Water withdrawals? - Share of groundwater use? - Sectoral water demands (agriculture) - …. FOOD & LAND USE - Food selfsufficiency? - Agricultural efficiency (water demand?) - Fertilizer and pumping requirements? - Biofuel policies? …. ENERGY ECOSYSTEMS CLIMATE - Water footprint of energy technologies? - Energy mix - Energy selfsufficiency? Energy demand for agriculture? - …. - Protected areas and vulnerable zones? - Biodiversity hotspots - Endangered species? - Ecosystem services affected? - …. - Likely affected by climate change? - An increase / decrease in water availability? - ….
  • 8. Alazani/Ganikh pilot assessment: Azerbaijan & Georgia Interactive multi-sectoral basin workshop in Kachreti, Georgia, 25-27 November 2013; organised in cooperation with UNDP/GEF project “Reducing Transboundary Degradation in the Kura Aras River Basin” and the Ministry of Environment Protection and Natural Resources of Georgia Among the participants: ministries of environment, energy, agriculture, emergency situations; communities; agencies, companies; civil society
  • 9. Energy Land / Food Using Gasification Firewood as and Electrificatio primary nenergy of Rural Areas source Reforestation Deforestation Energy Growth Degradation of Improvement of Hydrological Hydrological Regime Water With Improved Water Management Restoration of Loss of ecosystems services Ecosystems
  • 10. Identification of potential solutions jointly with the riparian countries and between the sectors • What the countries plan? Are the plans of the different sectors compatible? What do changing drivers & the climate outlook mean for the nexus? How to better reconcile the different uses? • What opportunities there are to reduce negative intersectoral impacts and enhance synergy? Institutional arrangements at transboundary level conducive to intersectoral coordination? • Diverse solutions! Changes to policies, new policies, management and measures practices, institutional arrangements, ways the infrastructure is operated ...
  • 11. Tendencies & particularities of the Alazani/Ganikh case • Development pressures: inter-sectoral considerations timely • Expansion of hydropower in Georgia (new energy strategy) • Gasification available in urban areas but remains beyond affordability for many (GE) • Large state programmes; state companies and operators • IWRM plans under development in Georgia and in Azerbaijan with GEF support • Agreement on transboundary waters being negotiated (AZGE); multi-sector representation from the countries
  • 12. Some concluding points: (1) What can the governments do? • Ensuring collection of relevant data & information, making it available • Ensuring a rational and predictable policy framework to help spur the development and adoption of more water efficient technologies in the energy sector • Setting appropriate permit conditions for sectoral development projects, requiring EIA (also transboundary) • Strategic planning of locating infrastructure projects • Ensuring relevant sectors' representation and consultation also in institutions for transboundary cooperation
  • 13. Some concluding points: (2) Challenges and opportunities • Commonly channels & forums for dialogue & coordination absent or undeveloped, both at national and transboundary levels • very few methods or diagnostic tools that allow for fast and quantitative appraisal of nexus issues; need to appraise consistent inter-sectoral scenarios (compound effects!) • water not valued consistently between sectors • By sharing information and through dialogue by applying assessment tools (including mapping and models), it is possible to find win-win opportunities • shortages raise awareness about vulnerabilities and can trigger more rationalised use of water • knowledge base improving, good practices getting disseminated (context specificity!)

Editor's Notes

  1. Potentially behind the short-comings:Missing agreements/institutionsLimited mandate of existing institutions Composition of institutions and decision-making processesWeak enforcement capacity etc.Not enough to look at the interlinkages and impacts between the sectors NOWWhat are the trends and anticipated demands?What are the concrete development plans — expansion of irrigation? Increase in renewable energies?The assumptions about the conditions and availability of resources to achieve this future successfully? What does it require from other sectors? Are the different objectives compatibles?
  2. Capacity building - supporting mutual learning across basins, sectors and State borders;Collective effort that brings together a broad range of expertise & views (sectors, countries, IGOs, civil society…)