5th Estate at Rhodes House-2012

Accountability in a Network Society: The Rise of a Fifth Estate William H. Dutton Professor of Internet Studies Oxford Internet Institute (OII) University of OxfordPresentation for Integreon, Rhodes House, Oxford, 3 May 2012.

Online Freedom of Expression?1. Internet is not political, it is just entertainment;2. Internet is not the press, which is being threatened;3. Virtual assembly is not real: ‘clicktavism’ is not activism4. Inherently free, cannot be regulated5. Tool for autocracy, not democracy6. Internet enables democratic accountability

Reconfiguring Access: Information, People, Services, Technology

Empirical Research Foundations• Oxford Internet Surveys of Britain: 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011 and World Internet Project (WIP)• The Global Values Project: OII in collaboration with INSEAD, comScore, and WEF• The Performance of Distributed Problem-Solving Networks (DPSN) Porject (2007-8)• The Oxford e-Social Science Project (OeSS), Economic and Social Research Council (2005-12)• The Fifth Estate Project, supported by the OII, Oxford Internet Surveys (2003-2012), and June Klein, Electronic Boardroom™

EmpoweringNetworkedIndividuals

Reliability of Information by Internet Users and Non-Users 2009 (QA4 by QH14)OxIS 2009: N=2,013 8Note. The scale changed from a 10 point scale in 2007 to a 5 point scale in 2009.

Networked Institutions v Networked Individuals Networked Institutions, such as in e-Health Networked Individuals:  going to the Internet for health and medical information  networking patients, e.g., UK Children With Diabetes Advocacy Group (500 Families)  networking physicians, e.g., Sermo

Sermo: a Collaborative Network Organisation

Arenas: Networked Institutions Networked IndividualsNews Online journalism, BBC Netizens, Citizen Online, Live Micro-Blogging Journalists, Bloggers, Whistleblowers, Leaks, Churnalism.org, Hacking BlacklashDemocracy E-Democracy, E- Obama campaign, Aung Consultation, e-Voting San Suu Kyi, Arab Springs, Anti-Bribery WebsitesEducation Online Learning, Multimedia Backchannels, Informal Classrooms Learning, Rate My TeacherHealth and Medical NHS Direct, e-mailing safety Going to the Internet for alerts health information, Sermo

The Fourth Estate“[Edmund] Burke said there were Three Estates inParliament; but, in the Reporters’ Gallery yonder,there sat a Fourth Estate more prominent far thanthey all. It is not a figure of speech, or wittysaying; it is a literal fact – very momentous to usin these times.”Thomas Carlyle (1831), Heroes and Hero-Worship, at www.gutenberg.org.etext/1091

Feudal Estates into the 21st CenturyEstates Feudal Modern Clergy Public Intellectuals Nobility Business, Industry and Economic Elites, including Internet Industrial Elites Commons Government and Politicians‘4th Estate’ Press Journalists and the Mass Media Mob Civil Society, Networked Individuals, Mobs

Montesquieu’s Tripartite System into the 21st CenturyEstates Tripartite Modern US Parallel Courts Judiciary Monarch Executive Parliament Legislative‘4th Estate’ Press Journalists and the Mass Media Mob Civil Society, Networked Individuals, Mobs

The Fifth Estate Press since the 18th Century -the ‘Fourth Estate’ Internet in the 21st - enabling aFifth Estate−−Enabling people to network with other individualsand with information, services and technicalresources in ways that support social accountabilityin business and industry, government, politics, andthe media.

“Wael Ghonim, a 30-year-old executive from Google, was theadministrator of an anti-torture page on Facebook, the socialnetworking website, that is widely credited with organising the firstday of protest [in Egypt] on January 25.”Jon Swaine, The Telegraph, 11 Feb 2011

TIME 2011Person of the YearThe Protester-Mannoubia Bouazizi-Tunisia

Networked Institutions v Networked Individuals of the Fifth Estate Networked Institutions: greater ubiquity,universal access Networked Individuals of the Fifth Estate:require a critical mass, not universal access

The Fourth Estate: News of the World, …The Fourth Estate Depends on an IndependentPress – Independent in Relation to Other Estates

18th Century Estates: 21st Century Enemies18th Century 21st Century: AttacksEstates Enemies of the 5th EstateClergy Public Intellectuals ‘Culture of Amateurism’, individualist consumerismNobility Business, Industry Vertical Integration; Monopoly and Economic Elites over Search; Three StrikesCommons Government and Filtering; Content Regulation; Regulatory Agencies Identification; Surveillance; Disconnection; Control PressPress Journalists and the Pay Walls, Co-opting, Mass Media Imitating, Competing, and SupportingMob Spammers, Undermining Trust and Fraudsters, Confidence; Fostering Regulation of Content, Cyberstalkers, Attacks on Anonymity Rioters…

Mob or Fifth Estate?England Riots & Cleanup

Reflections on Implications of the Fifth Estate

5th Estate at Rhodes House-2012

by Oxford Internet Institute

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5th Estate at Rhodes House-2012 Presentation Transcript

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