1. WANA water information systems to cope with water scarcity & drought Dr. Jauad El Kharraz Euro-Mediterranean Information System on know-how in the Water sector
6. Current situation Millennium Objectives (JMP) OECD Others Internat orga Projects … Eurostat./ Medstat ACSAD AFED Med Euwi ENPI Horizon 2020 … FAO EMWIS, ESCWA, ICARDA International level UNEP/ MAP Blue Plan, Medpol CEDARE / AMCOW Public information O1 O2 O3 On Orga. country 1 O1 O2 O3 On Orga. country 2 O1 O2 O3 On Orga. country 3 O1 O2 O3 On Orga country n
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8. Overall WANA vision Public information Millennium Objectives CSD/ Johannesburg Plan UNEP-MAP (Blue Plan) Others … OECD/Medstat EMWIS Med Euwi ENP ESCWA CEDARE AFED ICARDA ACSAD … WWAP UN agencies Worldbank International organizations Country 1 Country 2 Country 3 Country n Common rules Common definition Common basic indicators WANA Water strategy? Regional reference framework AMCOW O 2 O n O 3 O 1 O 2 O n O 3 O 1 O 2 O n O 3 O 1 O 2 O n O 3 O 1
18. Scope of impact: Water Exploitation Index WEI in a country is the mean annual total demand for freshwater divided by the long-term average freshwater resources . WEI > 20 %, water stress WEI > 40 % severe water stress (Raskin et al., 1997)
21. Improve knowledge and data collection Develop a water scarcity and drought Information System across WANA information on extent, impacts of water scarcity and drought issues – description on the basis of common indicators Disseminate the results of research on water scarcity and drought issues Enhance and encourage research on technological activities.
22. Requested data Water Availability Water Abstraction per source (SW, GW) per provider Water Use per sector per provider large items Recycled water Hydrological balance Additional Water Resources Point data: Streamflow Reservoir in/outflow Groundwater levels
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25. WSD i S - Process and current state ( √ ) Agriculture Domestic Water Supply Industry Energy First comprehensive set of indicators for each use Screened set of indicators for each use (narrowed down) Based on specific criteria (e.g. suitability, data availability , reproducibility, capacity if integration, clarity, diagnostic ability etc . PILOT BASINS testing Final set of indicators Assessments √ √ √ Data availability Survey √ √ √ √ Tourism √ √ √ √ Data Request √ RESPONSES Economic Technical Legislative Educational STATE Water quantity Status of water bodies Land cover Infrastructure Economic PRESSURES Anomalies in physical parameters Water demand (water use, water abstraction) Pressure on water supply infrastructure Pollution Land cover change DRIVERS Climatic changes Economic IMPACTS Water resources Environmental Socio-economic Drivers result in pressures Responses can change a driver Responses can be a driver for change Impacts call for responses Responses can mitigate impacts Pressures have impacts Which (adversely) change the state Which we understand by monitoring the state Changes of state have impacts RESPONSES Economic Technical Legislative Educational STATE Water quantity Status of water bodies Land cover Infrastructure Economic Education Population PRESSURES Anomalies in physical parameters Population Water demand (water use, water abstraction) Water supply infrastructure Pollution Land cover change DRIVERS Climatic changes Population Growth Tourism Infrastructure Economic IMPACTS Water resources Environmental Socio-economic Drivers result in pressures Responses can change a driver Responses can be a driver for change Impacts call for responses Responses can mitigate impacts Pressures have impacts Which (adversely) change the state Which we understand by monitoring the state Changes of state have impacts
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27. RESPONSES Volume of recycled water / returned flows by source / reused water used / treated return water / additional water resources (water imports, desalinated water) used for all sectors New metering systems installation # of programmes raising awareness and training initiatives Water restrictions frequency (# of days) # (or %) of properties (houses, facilities etc) affected from water restrictions Water restrictions level (moderate, enhanced) # (or %) of properties (houses, facilities etc) with water saving technologies # of beds in tourism facilities where water wise practices are implemented (savings, reuse etc) (T) # of industrial facilities where water wise practices are implemented (savings, reuse etc) (I) Existence of Drought Management Plans (yes/no) Area under good farming practices (GFP) (A) Total public expenditures to develop and promote water saving programmes and measures Environmental charges as % of Water Tariff Domestic Water charges as % of household income (D) Industrial Water charges as % of industrial income (I) STATE Water balance / Reservoir and Ground water Storage / Streamflow / Wells External resources used (over total resources used) Population connected to public water supply % of area covered by water metering systems Coverage (ha) of each type of irrigation system Land use Income generated per sector Educational level of general population and farmers Irrigated and irrigable area (ha) (A) Nitrates and Pesticides in surface (rivers, lakes) and groundwater % wetland areas Water Tariff per sector Public spending in water sector (net number in € or % of the Total public spending) Investments in water supply infrastructures: Reservoirs, Desalination plants PRESSURES Water abstraction per source for public water systems and for self supply Water use per sector and per large item Export of water # new wells for sectoral water self supply. (ADIT) # new licenses for surface water abstraction (ADIT) # new public water supply connections for water uses (ADIT) Change in landuse within the region Urban and Rural Population density (D) DRIVERS Changes in P, ET Change in population (increase/decrease) within the RBD (DE) Change of rural population. (D) Net migration Distribution of rooms per person (D) Nights spent at hotels and similar establishments (T) Tourist arrivals (T) Seasonal workers in the tourism sector (which are not permanent residents) (T) Change of income generated per sector (+/-) (AIET) Yield (tones) per irrigated area (A) Yield (tones) per irrigated area (A) Yield (tones) per crop type (A) % crop type per irrigated area (A) KWh produced per energy production plant: coal, nuclear, geothermal, waste incineration, hydroelectric, solar, wind, bioenergy (E) IMPACTS Reduction of stream flow Reduction in water availability (m3) from surface and groundwater sources Areal extent Saltwater intrusion (as %) Concentration of N, P in rivers, lakes and GW (EEA CSI020) % of area under desertification Soil erosion (tonnes/ha) Frequency of Water service interruption (days per year) Total economic loss due to drought hazards Total public expenditures for drought and water scarcity mitigation Frequency of low pressure incidents (# of days) # (or %) of properties (houses, facilities etc) subject to low pressure Note: The brackets show the initials of the sectors that the indicator can be used for. (Agriculture, Domestic, Industry, Energy, Tourism) The indicators that are not followed from brackets with initials can be used for all the sectors The indicators in Bold are to be reported through the WQ Tool, and the remaining through the xls provided file WSD i S - Pilot Basins - data request
28. Mitigation drought measures TYPES OF MITIGATION MEASURES Indicator 1-0.5 0.5-0.4 0.4-0.3 0.3-0.2 0.2-0.15 0.15-0.1 0.1-0 Status Normal Pre-alert Alert Emergency Objective Planning Information-control Conservation Restrictions Type of measure Strategic Tactics Emergency
30. What policy options have been identified? Putting the right price tag on water Allocating water and water-related funding more efficiently Improving drought risk management Considering additional water supply infrastructures Fostering water efficient technologies and practices Fostering the emergence of a water-saving culture in WANA Improve knowledge and data collection
37. Thank you for your attention Dr. Jauad El Kharraz [email_address] Euro-Mediterranean Information System on know-how in the Water sector www.emwis.net
Editor's Notes
EMWIS was initiated by the Marseilles Euro-Mediterranean Conference on Local Water Management (November 1996), one year after the Barcelona declaration creating the Euromed Partnership. Today, it is the only operational tool for co-operation between the 37 Euro-Mediterranean countries in the water sector. It aims to: Facilitate access to the information existing on know-how in the water sector, while prioritising the five following topics: the institutions involved in the water sector and their representatives; the documentation on water; the training opportunities; the research and development programmes; the data administration. It has been operational for more than 9 years, with a decentralised approached based on National Focal Point who are responsible for collecting and giving access to information. Today 20 countries have nominated a focal point: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, France , Greece , Italy , Luxembourg, Malta, Portugal , Spain - Algeria , Egypt , Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco , Palestine , Syria, Tunisia , Turkey. The first phase was dedicated build the cooperation network and develop trust between the water authorities. It resulted in national portals dedicated to the water sector and a regional portal (semide.net) today well known in the Med area. From 2005, countries felt the necessity to go a step beyond and to work on data management but without any commitment to share data. Since 2008, the ministerial conference on water of the Union for the Mediterranean (Dead Sea, dec’2008) gave a new impetus with the preparation of a long term strategy and a clear willingness to produce comparable data across the region
Need to distinguish ‘meteorological drought’ – specific region where precipitation departs from the norm and ‘hydrological drought’ – deficiencies in surface and subsurface water supplies
To analyze in depth the drought and water scarcity occurrence and its extended impacts, one needs to look at the Drivers, Pressures, State, Impacts, and Response –DPSIR- associated with these phenomena.
![Context of EMWIS activities 1995 Euromed Partnership 1996 Euromed Ministers Initiate EMWIS 1999 EMWIS operational launch 2005 EMWIS first activities on data management 2008 UfM Water Ministerial conference Long Term Water Strategy initiated ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Mediterranean Water Strategy 2011](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)