Akash Gidwani Residential Portfolio,B.Sc.ID,Studio Apartment case study.

1.
Project Report on
Residential Space Planning
At
Dezyne E’cole College, Ajmer
Submitted To
Dezyne E’cole College towards
The partial fulfilment
Of the Master of Science in Interior Designing
By
Akash Gidwani
Dezyne E’cole College
106/10, Civil Line, Ajmer
0145-2624679
www.dezyneecole.com
2013-2014

2.
106/10, Civil Line, Ajmer
Pin:-305001, Rajasthan
Tel:-0145-2624679
106/10, Civil Line,
Ajmer-305001, Rajasthan
Tel:- 0145-2624679
www.dezyneecole.com
This Project Report of Ms./Mr. ______________________________ of
Interior Design has been graded as ________________
Thanking You
Principal
(Seal & Signature)

3.
Acknowledgment
The Project “Residential Space Planning” has enlightened me about various aspects
of planning a residential building.
I give my sincere thanks to Dezyne E’cole College and to my Mentors who gave me
the opportunity to know about the various aspects of Residential Space Planning and
helped me in preparing the project.
Last but not the least thanks to God for keeping me in good health because of him
I was able to submit my project on time.
Akash Gidwani
B.Sc. - Interior Design

4.
My College Profile
Today Dezyne E’cole has emerged as a leader with the ability to integrate knowledge,
academic freedom, critical independence and creative thinking. A history of being in
existence for 5 years in Ajmer stands as a testimony to our fundamentals where
academic excellence lies at the core. The college has stood as a beacon of serious
critical engagement, a key enabler in developing competent professionals in the field
of design, management and information technology. Dezyne E’cole started in the year
2008 with only four rooms and with a strength of 10 students enrolled in the fashion
and interior design Diploma Programme. In the year 2009 the school was granted
Bachelor’s and Master’s Degree in Fashion and Interior Design by the Punjab
Technical University.
Further the college was given the authority by the government of Rajasthan in the year
2010 to use the word College and since then Dezyne E’cole College became the
name. In the year 2011 college expanded further and was declared a regular college
with the granting of authority by the University of Ajmer. This led to the expansion of
college and addition of two more courses with Dezyne E’cole, the Department of
Administrative (BBA), and Information Technology leading to award of Bachelor’s
Degree in Computer Application was added. From then until now, Dezyne E’cole has
scaled high academic standards. The faculty resource of the college has grown into a
community of leading practitioners, education enthusiasts, entrepreneurs, creative
thinkers, researchers and analysts. Invigorating through leadership, research stimulus,
industry focus, creative enterprise and peer learning have reinforced the college’s
academic bedrock.
Fostering a new generation of creative thinkers, today the college is empowered to
award Degrees in Undergraduate, Postgraduate studies in the field of Fashion, Interior,
Management and information Technology. Articulating the ideology of world class
learning practices, the college has been committed to academic excellence in
education.

5.
Content
1. Interior Design Industry
2. The Work of Interior Designer
3. Residential Design
4. My skills & knowledge
5. Planning Consideration
6. Case Study
7. Climatology
8. Location of My Client
9. Location of Site
10.Building Orientation
11.Green Homes
12.Building Envelope
13.Rain Water Harvesting
14.Day Lighting
15.Ventilation
16.Bye Laws
17.Residential Design Project
18.The Space Planning Part
19.Studio Apartment Planning
20.Anthropometrics and Ergonomics
21.Questionnaire & its Answers
22.Needs and Bubble Diagrams
23.Brain Storming Papers
24.Space Planning of Studio Apartment
25.The Design Part
26.Style: COLONIAL STYLE
27.Design Development
28.My Architectural Layouts
29.Studio Apartment Design
30.My Design Development Papers
31.3D Views of Bedroom, Bathroom & Studio Apartment
32.My Assignments
33.Bibliography

6.
Interior Design Industry
A house is a place where a person behaves in his natural form and is mainly for
providing shelter. Since prehistoric times, human beings looked for shelter, For
Example, The Caves or the meticulously Planned Towns of Mohen-Jo-Daro Harappa.
To the present day houses which have grown up more luxurious and beautiful.
For a man’s house is his castle, wrote Sir Edward Coke. This sentence was coined by
him in the 17th Century and since then we have a beautiful heritage of something know
as a Period House, starting from or beginning with the Tudor and the Jacobean Style
from the year 1485 to 1625. This period let towards the development of the increased
specialization of how a room functions within a house. In the middle ages, the King
would live in one big room where he would eat, sleep and conduct affairs of state,
Fabric hangings was considered inappropriate for the rooms in which people ate, as
they tended to retain the smell of the food. During this time Timber, Bricks and Stones
were used. The stone houses had less decoration than the timber one’s, as stone was
more difficult and expensive to carve. During this period the Bay Window came into
existence along with the Oriel Windows.
People used built in furniture during this time. The Tudor and Jacobean Period was
followed by Baroque Period (1625-1714). This period had the development of Courtly
Style, this style had the development of rooms as basement, the Piano Nobile (main
reception floor) and Attic (top floor).
The Piano Nobile had pediment windows and very high height. It was the area where
the ceremonial works were taken up. This period had grand carved entrance with the
use of acanthus leaves and bulging fruits.
This time period had the designs created by famous artist Michelangelo. This period
was followed by Early Georgian, Colonial, British Victorian, Edwardian, Art Nouveau,
the Modern Movement (1920-1950). The Modern Movement played an important role
in the design industry with designers like Walter Gropius, Le Corbusier, Louis Kahn
and Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959), designed buildings which relied more on shapes
and forms. This kind of design made the great impression on Walter Gropius (1883-
1969), Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe (1886-1969). They defined the doctrine of
Modernism in the 1920’s.

7.
Louis Kahn came up with the idea of design development of interior spaces focusing
more on served and servant areas near to it so that the functionality of the room
increases.
For Example: - The living room having the servant areas as kitchens and toilets.
This concept of his along with the other ideas has been popular till today. After the
World War II IN 1941rational planning and economy were combined with high
standards of mechanical services in housing project where the designers were more
concerned with how a building perform than whether it look modern.
The Modern Movement sought to eliminate extra detailing and focussed more on
simplicity with advancement of prefabricated materials like plywood, glass and other
materials developed a design area where more of fresh air and maximum sunlight were
prerequisite. One of the best characteristic which developed in the first phase of
modernism was the elimination of the patterns and texture on walls. People used
smooth plaster, glass brick and room dividers in apartments with open plan layout.
All this required a development of well-educated work force that could support the
interior design industry and this lead to the development from the Indian Government
to take interest in the design field.
The India Government has formulated a body known as Indian Design Council which
plays an important role in promoting design department. The government of India
setup The Indian Design Council at IIT Mumbai in the year 1969 for initiating the Post
Graduate Program in Industrial Design. But prior to setting industrial design education
the development of art and design in India developed in the year 1840. The first art
school known as the Bombay Art School (1857) now known as Sir J.J. School Of Arts,
the college of Arts Calcutta catered to the Indian Design Development. In the year
1913 Kala Bhawan, the Art College was setup as part of Shanti Niketan by the Tagore
family. Not only this, in the year 1922 Rabindranath Tagore met Walter Gropius and
invited him for an exhibition to India. In 1958, The Government of India invited Charles
and Ray Eames, the Government of India.
Design Report: - In the year 1960, based on the report of Charles and Ray Eames, the
Government of India setup the National Institute of Design (NID, Ahmedabad).
In 1987 the ministry of textiles setup the National Institute of Fashion Technology in
Delhi (NIFT). In the year 1997, the full-fledged department of design with Bachelor in
Design, Masters in Design and the Doctoral Degrees came up at IIT, Mumbai. From

8.
the year 1999 the private design schools along with the state universities started
developing students with the formal design education so that the design industry could
have the best brains to device functional designs. This setup was taken because as
the modern designs entered the Indian Market.
For Example: - Kohler, Duravit, Kitchen World, Hacker Kitchens, etc.
We would see the development of a specialised market being developed for the
customers like Bathroom Solutions, Kitchen Solutions, Bedroom and Closet Design
Solutions. These solutions provided by the industries are not tailor made. To make the
design as per the Indian Client the Interior
Designer has to study the Indian Environment, the Client, his Needs, Budget and then
device a design which is customer friendly at the same time functional as per the Indian
needs. After all house is a place where by the end of the client should be able to relax
and be fresh. It is not a zone to be developed to show off the neighbours.
This project report showcases my project based on the hypothetical client,
requirements in the section of residential design.

9.
The Work of Interior Designer
Interior Design is a practice of bringing in best visual appeal and best utilization of a
space keeping the clients views and needs in mind.
The work of interior designer is manipulation of spaces keeping in mind the orientation
of the building, Building Envelope, the environment, making a Green Building so as it
can contribute to the environment.
An Interior Designer implies that there is more Emphasis on Planning, functional
design and effective use of space. It sees to the connectivity between the spaces,
proper utilization of space, circulation and a space which increases the Efficiency of a
Human Being.
It create spaces which means “Machines for Living” said by-
“Le Corbusier” (The person behind designing the city of Chandigarh.)
It also focuses on Working Drawings, Specification, Orthographic Projections,
Axonometric Views, Perspective Drawings, etc.

10.
Residential Design
“A good surrounding makes a person love life and live better.” Basically meaning of
the residence is the place where we are living. He becomes more concentrated and
his efficiency increase as the space makes all this difference and that is what we need
to pay attention to in the homes too that is the residential spaces as the house is one’s
refugee and shelter. It is a space where a person relaxed after a day’s hard work and
wants to be charged, fresh, confident for the next day. All this can be achieved if he
has the house designed as per his needs that is a space that nurtures a human being
into a more efficient person that is what is interior design or design of spaces “where
a man does not adjust as per the house instead the house adjusts according to the
person” very correctly said by a very well-known designer of the world Le Corbusier
(the person behind designing the city of Chandigarh), “Machines for Living”.
In earlier times the designing was done by painters like Michelangelo who worked with
Golden Mean but human dimensions were not considered. Then later designers
worked on the Principal of Anthropometrics (human dimensions) and Ergonomics
(study of human dimensions to create any design) from which they got idea for furniture
designing.
In planning process we have free factors that are kept in mind, such as aspect,
prospect and grouping and space planning, served (Living Room) and servant
(Kitchen), watcher and loner etc. in residential designing a living room is a place which
is called a watcher it is based on a human nature that people like to watch or be close
to certain incidence. A bedroom is a loner because a person needs to relax and it is a
private room. Said by “Louis Kahn”.
A Quote by a Scottish Architect, Darcy Braddell attempted, in his 1932 book
“How to Look at Buildings,” to help people understand why some building seem to “feel
right” while other do not. He felt that proper and considered proportions were much
more important than anyone else. Further, he held that “every part must make up a
whole that no one thing is beautiful in itself that restraint is superior to excess and hat
selection is key to design.”

11.
My Skills and Knowledge
The first step in designing starts with research, analysis and exploration of concept
and its integration with the environment. In building a house there are many aspects
of design that need to be considered but the essence of every home is-that the
structure/body must belong to the site and its soul must embody the family that lives
within its four walls.
“Design is not so much about form and space, as it is about people and situation. So
the ultimate aim is not to design a good building but to design a good situation, and
the good building is just an instrument for that purpose". In all creating a house that it
becomes “Machine for Living” it states that a house should adjust according to the
person not the person should adjust according to the house (proposed by Le
Corbusier), so the demand of design was continued to go on. The planning and
designing should be such that it satisfy the need of the people.
To enrich my knowledge skills so that I can create “Machines for Living” and for doing
planning and designing to satisfy my client; in my Degree Program and Diploma
Program I studied several subjects and topics as stated below.

12.
Basic Knowledge in This Field
1.Elements and Principles of Design: - In Elements of design I have studied
about the elements i.e. point, line, shape, form, movement, colour, texture and pattern.
They are essential for designing. I had deeply studied about the different types of lines
and there psychological aspects and also the feeling of varied thickness of lines. I had
studied about the colour and texture. In colour and texture I gained knowledge about
colour schemes, colour key, colour wheel, texture wheel etc. I also created
assignments on elements of design.
After the elements of design I learnt about the principles of designing. The principles
are concepts used to organize or arrange the structural elements of design.
The principles of design are balance, proportion, rhythm, emphasis, harmony, unity,
repetition, radiation, gradation and scale. They have a very important role in designing
without using principles of design we cannot create any design.

13.
Balance in the Picture
Movement in the
Picture
Repetition in the
Picture

14.
2.Art and Architecture History: - In this I had studied how the planning and
designing came into being first of all design started in ancient period of the Stone Age
where people felt requirement of residence.
Time to time many new changes and improvements were bought along with the age
Mesolithic and Neolithic time period. A good water drainage system was also used in
those houses.
The houses were built with soil and stone and the roads crossed each other at ninety
degree.
With this I have studied about Indus Valley Civilisation, Egyptian Civilisation, and
Temple Architecture and also about different Artists and Painters and studied how they
had been built and what materials were used and what was the purpose behind and
how the Art was added with the Architecture.
(Pyramids of Giza)
(Indus Valley Civilisation of South Asia)

15.
3.Style of Interior Design: - I studied about different types of styles like Colonial
style, Eclectic style, Gothic style, Minimalist style, etc. I had studied about what
material were used and where they are used.
Minimalist Style Interior Eclectic Style Interior
Gothic Style Interior

16.
4.Building Construction: - I studied about buildings i.e. building can be defined
as a structure broadly consisting of walls, floors and roofs, erected to provide covered
space for different uses such as residence, education, business, manufacturing,
storage, hospitalization, entertainment, worship, etc.
Types of Buildings
 Residential Buildings
 Educational Buildings
 Institutional Buildings
 Assembly Buildings
 Business Buildings
 Mercantile Buildings
 Industrial Buildings
 Storage Buildings
 Hazardous Buildings
I also studied about components of a building. A building can be divide into two parts.
i. Sub-structure
ii. Super structure
The portion of the building below the surrounding ground is known as sub structure
and the portion above the ground is termed as super structure. The components of a
building are: - foundation, plinth, walls, columns, floors, ventilators, doors and
windows, stairs, roof, building finishes and building services etc.
 Foundation: - Foundation is the lowest part of a structure below the ground
level which is in direct contact with the ground and transmits all the dead, live and
other loads to the soil on which the structure rests.
I also studied about the Purpose of Foundation, Site Exploration, Bearing Capacity
of the Soil, Types of Foundation, etc.

17.
 Plinth: - I had also studied about the plinth, the portion of the building between
the ground and the top of the floor immediately above the ground is known as
plinth. The level of the ground floor of the building is known as Plinth Level. The
built up covered area measured at the floor level is termed as Plinth Area.
 Walls: - I had also studied about walls, which are broadly divided in two
categories as below:
Walls
Load Bearing walls Non-load Bearing walls
A load bearing walls supports its own weight as well as the super imposed loads
transferred to it. A non-load bearing wall carries its own weight and is not
designed to carry any super imposed load from the structure.
Walls can also be the Cavity walls which act as a Thermal Insulation as well as
Sound Insulation. It consists of two walls with a 5cm to 8cm cavity between them.

18.
 Doors and Windows: - I have also studied about the various types of doors
and windows and to understand them better. A door define as a barrier secured in
a n opening left in a wall to provide usual means of access to a building room or
passage and a window provided for the purpose of providing day-lighting, and
ventilation.
I had learnt about different types of doors and windows where they are used and
what materials are used to make a doors and windows.
I made several assignments on types of doors and windows.
 Roof: - I have also studied about the roof, it is the upper most components of a
building and its main function is to cover the space below and protect it from rain,
snow, sun, wind etc.
Interior Wall
Exterior Wall
Cavity Wall
Insulation
Pitched Roof Slanted Roof

19.
I also studied about the different types of Building Stones and their advantageous and
dis-advantageous.
Also I now about the Timbers and Wood Based Products, how the timber is seasoned,
it defects and also its commercial forms.
5. Bricks: - I also got the knowledge about Stone Masonry and Brick Masonry. In this
I studied about the types of Bricks, brick bonds, retaining wall and defects in brick
masonry. I have studied about different types of brick bonds like English bond, Flemish
bond, Stretcher bond, Header bond, etc. I had also studied about modification in bricks
and made an assignment on that and what are the various types of modifications, how
they are cut and what are their names. I made certain some assignments on types of
bricks and special modified bricks.
6.Cement: - I have also studied about cement, type of cements, uses of cement.
“Cement is considered as the best binding material.” Cement is available in various
types which are used for different purposes. These are: -
(i) Ordinary Portland or normal setting cement
(ii) Rapid hardening or high early strength Portland cement
(iii) Low heat cement
(iv) Quick setting cement
(v) High alumina cement
(vi) White cement
(vii) Coloured cement
(viii) Calcium chloride cement
(ix) Portland pozzolan cement
(x) Supper sulphated cement.

20.
7.Mortars: - I have also studied about mortars, the engineering structures like walls,
columns, arches, retaining walls, etc. are usually constructed of stone blocks or bricks
laid with suitable binding agent, known as mortar.
Mortars are usually named according to the binding material used in their preparation.
They are essentially required for masonry work, plastering and pointing etc.
8.Concrete: - I have also studied about Concrete, an artificial stone resulting from
hardening of a mixture of a binding material, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and
water in suitable proportions is called concrete.
A good Portland cement or lime, clean sand and strong coarse aggregates are
necessary for making a good concrete.
Concretes are classified as given below: -
(i) According to binding material,
(ii) According to design,
(iii) According to purpose.
9.Drainage: - I have also studied about drainage system, rain water harvesting
system.
During first year completion. I had completed certain small assignments based on my
basics.

22.
Advance Knowledge in This Field
1.Approaches: - I had learnt about different types of approaches are used in
building.
Frontal Approach
Oblique Approach

23.
Spiral Approach
2.Organization: - The basic way the spaces of a building can be relate to one
another and organized into coherent pattern of form and space. I have made several
assignments on organization.
3.Plane: - I have also studied about the Base Plane, Elevated Base Plane and
Depressed Base Plane. The Base Plane when Levelled either elevated or depressed
create interest in a house, Visual continuity is maintained.
I have also studied about the openings at the corner. The light that enters a space
through a corner opening washes the surface of the plane adjacent and perpendicular
to the opening. This illuminated surface itself become a source of light and enhances
the brightness of the space.

24.
Base Plane Elevated Plane Depressed Plane
Floor depressed for making that
space ready for study purposes
and the spaces overviews the view
outside as the eye level and the
floor level becomes the same.
Floor depressed for making that space
ready for gathering purposes as a living
room and the spaces overviews the view
outside as the eye level and the floor level
becomes the same.

25.
Planning Considerations
To design any Residential Area, proper planning and brain storming needs to be done.
The planning phase of a residence is the most important phase because this leads to
the development of the structures of the house based on the shape and form chosen.
The residence design should be planned based on the needs of the person extent
similar. When we see magazines and books showcasing beautiful image of decorated
rooms, a person feels happy to see them. But Interior Designing is not so easy like the
attractive image of the book for designing a space we have to feel, analyse and
summarize the space. The design has to be functional so that the person can feel the
space, express him and at the same time enjoy a space.
In India we have a climate which is hot and dry throughout the year and the sun shines
brilliantly the whole year with winter months being less. Hence it is this surrounding
inside which the residence of a person would exist. To device a proper interior design
one must see the outside building envelope along with the interior space so that we
can achieve the client requirements. A room which is more sun filled makes a person
happy than a space which is dull and dark.
It is seen that the spaces with less light (natural light) suffer from a condition known as
SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder), characterized by depression, lethargies, fatigue
and other symptoms. Studies show students do better when the classes are held in
natural light such is the power of sun. I have here utilized daylight factor while planning.
As I said earlier in India the climate is dry and humid at times throughout the year and
the house is enveloped by these factors, hence my main consideration of the project
has been followed keeping into mind the climatology of the place.
My Client’s house is situated in Mumbai and to device a proper Interior Design I began
with the factor of climate of this place also with that I considered how much area is I
am getting for designing a residence area for my client.

26.
Case Study
The case study given to me is: -
You are supposed to design for an Interior Designer who has a 10 years of working
experience as an entrepreneur. His office is located in the posh locality of “Mumbai”.
He is in age group of 35 and designs more of residential spaces. You are supposed to
design the residence of this interior designer who stays in a studio apartment.
CLIENT BRIEF UP
Hypothetical Client Name Mr. Jai Dadhwani
Age 35 years
Sex Male
Family Status Single
Profession Interior Designer (As a Entrepreneur)
Standard of Living High (as lives in posh locality)
Location of Client Mumbai (moderate climate)
Hobbies of Client Enjoys music and T.V. & Cooking
Food
The space given for the working (planning + designing) is 20’x20’ i.e. 400 sq. feet.

27.
Climatology
Climatology is the branch which deals with the climate and the changes throughout
the year of the weather.
The Design, execution and success of a project mainly depends on the environmental
factors enclosing the building and affecting its internal and external environment as
well as the inhabitants.
My client is situated in Mumbai ad to device it in a proper planning I began with a factor
of climate of this places.
Location of India
The location of India in the world is ‘North East’ direction.
Longitude: - 88°E to 98°E
Latitude: - 8°N to 37°N
Climate of India
The whole of India has Tropical Monsoonal Climate. Since the greater part of the
county les within the tropics and climate is influenced by the monsoon.
Location of Maharashtra
The location of Maharashtra in India is in ‘South East’ direction.
Longitude: - 76°E
Latitude: - 20°N
Climate of Maharashtra
The Maharashtra faces a tropical monsoon climate and with that it also faces humidity.

28.
The climatology of the place is divided into two parts: -
Macro Climate: -
o The site is located in the city Mumbai in Maharashtra in India.
o The region lies near the Arabian Sea and in the zone nearby to the Coastal
Areas.
o Weather is tropical monsoon type with some amount of dryness and
humidity and has tropical wet and dry vegetation.
Micro Climate: - Dealing with the micro elements of the site, it is found that
o Summers are moderate and winters are quite cool
o Both in summers as well as in winters, there is very less difference in day
and night temperatures.
o It has an average precipitation of. The mean maximum average
temperatures in about 32°C in summer and 30°C in winter, while the
average minimums are 25°C in summer and 20.5°C in winter, Mumbai
experiences four distinct seasons: Winter (Dec-Feb); Summer (March-
May); Monsoon (June-Sep); and Post Monsoon (Oct-Dec).
o High or more amount of rains with dryness and humidity.
o Apart from the micro climate which is in our control, which we can change
according to the place.
 For Example – if south direction is a zone from where wind
prevails or which the direction of wind is, then if the water body is
situated in south, the wind entering in the house will be cool.
Beside this we can see that micro climate can be changed by

29.
landscaping because when the rays of sun light fall on the green
grass it radiates the light and in a very little quantity it bring out the
heat back, therefore it makes the place less hot.

30.
Location of My Client
Mumbai
Latitude & Longitude of India:-
21.00° N, 78.00° E
Latitude & Longitude of Mumbai:-
18.97° N, 72.82° E

31.
Location- Mumbai in Maharashtra

32.
Nepean Sea Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra

33.
Location of Site
Total Area of Flat: -
51.36 sq. yards / 462.25 sq. feet
Landmarks: -
Birla House / Shivneni Apartment
Shivneni Apartment Birla House
Landmarks

34.
Building Orientation
Orientation of the building generally used to refer to solar orientation which is the Sitting
of building with respect of solar excess a thought any building have different orientation
for it different sides. The orientation can refer to a particular room or to the most
important façade of the building.
The building orientation can have an impact on heating, lighting and cooling costs.
By maximum southern exposure for Example one can take advantage of the sum for
daylight and passive solar heating this will result in lower pooling cost by minimizing
western where it is most difficult to provide shade from the sun the designer must
consider all factors and site condition on, building orientation for Example a building
might have to take to heed of multiple orientation factors depending on function
requirement designing for pooling load or heating load. To take advantage of north
may be oriented along an east west excess but this may be counter to street lines and
other side considerations, orientation of the building entrance may have 2 respect
street across activities and local urban design guidelines.
For most reasons optimum façade orientation is typically south facing glass is
relatively easy to shade with an overhanging during the summer to minimize solar heat
brain, the light also can work well higher sun in the southern expose north facing glass
received good day lighting but relatively little direction isolation so heat gain is less of
a concern.
East and west window orientation and horizontal orientation (sky light) all result in
more heat grain in the summer than glare is also more difficult to control for comfort
because of law sun angles in early morning and late afternoon.

35.
Planning on 300 sq. yds.
Area
Diagram of Building Orientation
Orientation According
To Sun Position

36.
Green Homes
A green home is a type of house in which a useless area is designed to be
environmentally friendly and sustainable, focusing on the reflect use of energy water
and building material.
Green homes consume less amount of energy by using natural light and ventilation.
So that, the heat produce from the house is less and it may not harm the environment.
The whole structure uses solar energy as the main source of energy to reduce
electricity costs. Maximum of daylight will be taken inside to provide proper vision,
reduce damping problems as well as enable good and needed vision.
For the penetration of natural light, day lighting concept is to be taken out with usage
and placement of doors, windows, ventilators.

37.
Building Envelope
The building envelope is the physical separator between the interior and the exterior
environment of a building. Another emerging term is “Building Enclosure”.it serves as
the outer shell to help maintain the indoor environment (together with the mechanical
conditioning systems) and facilitate its climate control. Building envelope design is a
specialized area of architectural and engineering practice that draws from all areas of
building science and indoor climate control. In terms of sustainable or green design
the envelope must perform its functions for the life of the building without excessive
maintenance or renewals. In addition, the materials should be locally extracted or
manufactured, resistant to degradation, recyclable/ reusable and balance lifecycle cost
and embodied energy. Together these characteristics define Envelope Durability.
The many functions of the building envelope can be separated into three categories
 Support (to resist and transfer mechanical loads)
 Control(the flow of matter and energy of all types)
 Finish(to meet human desire on the inside and outside)
The control function is at the core of good performance, and in practice focuses, in
order of importance, on rain control, air control, heat control and vapour control. Control
of rain is most fundamental, and there are numerous strategies to this end, namely,
perfect barriers, drained screens, and mass/ storage system. Control of air flow is
important to ensure indoor air quality, control energy consumption, and avoid
condensation and to provide comfort .control air movement includes flow through the
enclosure or through component of the building envelope itself, as well as into and out
of the interior space. Hence, air control includes the control of wind
Washing and convection loops. In a way it can be defined as the “push me –pull you”
principle, good design requires a truly holistic approach in term of form and
performance. If you change a design on the basis of the push me –pull you principle,
no element can be transformed without reviewing the impact upon all the other
elements.
The physical components of the envelope include the foundation, roof, walls, doors
and windows. The dimensions, performance and compatibility of materials, fabrication
process and details, their connections and interactions and interactions are the main
factors that determine the effectiveness and durability of the building enclosure
system.

38.
Wind and air movement on the surface of a building generate differential pressure that
drive air through gaps and openings, intentionally or otherwise, to ventilate a building.
Depending on the varied and dynamic condition of the external is the surface area
through which ventilation can occur, and it must always act as barrier to unwanted air
leakage.

39.
Rain Water Harvesting
Rain water harvesting is also another important factor of building envelope.
Landscaping, water body trees, etc. do help to control air and heat we have discuss
about these things in micro climate.
This Rain Water Harvesting system is followed in my client house. This is the picture of
Rain Water Harvesting

40.
Daylighting
Day lighting is the practice of placing windows or other openings or reflective surfaces
so that during the day natural light provides effective internal lighting. Particular
attention is giving to day lighting. While designing a building when the aim is to
maximize visual comfort or to reduce energy use. Energy saving can be achieved
either from the reduced use of artificial (electric) be reduces by simply installing fewer
electric lights automatically in response to the presence of day lighting, a process
known as day lighting harvesting.
Day lighting is a technical term given to a common centuries-old, geography and
culture independent design basic when “rediscovered” by 20th century architects. The
amount of day light received in an internal space can be analysed by undertaking a
day light factor calculation. Today, the use of computers and proprietary industry
software such as Radiance can allow an architect or Engineer to quickly undertake
complex circulation to review the benefit of a particular design.
Light give life to the every object. Light brings every other design element into
perspective, from architectural details and decoration to all your perspective. Although
you can light your name with an artificial light source. Natural lights is so important that
we could not live without it 20% of the U.S. population suffers from a look of natural
light studies house shown that student do letter when their class are held in natural
light. Glass opening we include in our homes that how much light enters, where it goes
and how it affects the interior design. Glass opening increase the visual space of room
it makes, interior space seems larges. And integrating this space with the surrounding
environments.
Benefits of Daylighting
Daylighting has the potential to significantly improve life-cycle cost, increase user
productivity, reduce emissions, and reduce operating costs:
 Improve life cycle cost
 Increase User Productivity: - daylight enlivens spaces and has been shown to
increase user satisfaction and visual comfort leading to improved performance.
 Reduced Emissions: - By reducing the need for electric consumption for lighting
and cooling the use of daylighting reduces greenhouse gases and slows fuel
depletion.

41.
 Reduced Operating Costs: - electric lighting accounts for 35 to 50 % of the total
electrical energy consumption in residential buildings. By generating waste
heat, lighting also adds to the electric lighting through the use of daylighting
strategies can directly reduce building cooling energy usage an additional 10 to
20 percent
N
Daylighting View at 10:45 AM in the month of January

42.
Day Lighting Views
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
10 11 12
13 14 15
1. Daylighting at 8 AM
5. Daylighting at 12 pm
6. Daylighting at 1 PM
10.Daylighting at 5 PM

43.
Ventilation
It is the process of “changing” or replacing air in any space to provide high indoor air
quality (i.e. to control temperature, replenish oxygen, or remove moisture, odours,
smoke, heat dust, airborne bacteria, and carbon dioxide). Ventilation is used to remove
unpleasant smells and excessive moisture, introduce outside air, to keep interior
building air circulating, and to prevent stagnation of the interior air.
We require ventilation for clean filtered air in our work and living environment for healthy
living and clean air can affect our health and also affect our physical environment.
The objective to design a window is to provide as much of the indoor lighting
requirement with daylighting without compromising other energy efficiency
considerations.
Ventilation is of two types i.e.
 Cross Ventilation: the cross ventilation occurs in a room in 45’ distance
between two windows or two doors or a door and a window.
 Stack Ventilation: it occurs when the roof of the building is slanted or tapered
from one side and the wind blows along the slanted roof and then enters into
that space/house from the other side this is known as stack ventilation.

44.
Diagram of Ventilation
Cross Ventilation in house from Door-to-Windows and ventilators
Cross Ventilation in house from Window-to-Window

45.
Bye Laws
We need space for landscaping, plantation and water body so many set backs are to
be left on the plot. The setbacks are left according to government building bye laws.
It is helpful to do the activity such as planning, designing, construction in the same zone.
The building which is planned based on bye-laws are comfort able to live in have proper
light (natural light), ventilation and air circulation and are safe.
I have left setbacks in my planning assignment which make a good ventilation, natural
light, daylight for the building.
In this I had studied about various Building Bye-Laws as: -
 Open spaces within a plot and setbacks
 Size and Height of rooms and other requirements of buildings. Etc.

46.
In the above plan I have taken foundation from ground level to 5’ deep and I have taken
cavity wall method for external wall of 1’ thick. I have taken landscaping so that it
reduces the temperature of the house. I have considered all the requirements of the
buildings like I had left setbacks around the building and the height of the bathroom,
W.C. and stairs are suitably made so that it provides proper headroom clearance for a
person. Also I had followed the tenants of Louis Kahn i.e. the served servant area and
the connectivity between all the spaces in the house. I had given the water body on the
west side so that it can reduce the temperature as when wind blows from the west side
it brings the water along with it and make the house cool.

47.
NOW THE SPACE
PLANNING PART

48.
Studio Apartment Planning
In Design Part I was given a project of studio apartment design. And firstly an area of
21’6” x 21’6” was given in which I created space planning in that area while considering
elements and principles of design, anthropometrics and ergonomics.
In this area I have to do space planning considering all the human dimensions and was
asked to give space planned- living room, bedroom, bathroom, dining area, kitchen and
moving space also with that adequate storage space in the studio was also to be
provided.

49.
Anthropometrics and Ergonomics
In Anthropometrics and Ergonomics, I studied about human dimensions (male, female,
and children). I also followed human dimensions i.e. anthropometrics in studio
apartment space planning. Anthropometrics is very important for space planning of any
area. These dimensions are very useful in space planning when the area in which to be
space planned is very small.
Ergonomics means that along with the considerations of human dimensions i.e.
anthropometrics in space planning in designing of furniture which is to be placed in that
area is to be designed or choosed according to the dimensions of the person using so
that that person can work efficiently and effectively and can provide his best effort and
it also makes the person less tired.
In my space planning and designing I have followed both anthropometrics and
ergonomics in my space planning and designing respectively.

52.
Needs
To create any design we create needs paper. Because we will give all the possible
option in designing the area that means what all the possible ways are of designing
space and how many things we can give in that space. I also created a need paper of
studio apartment so that I can give all the possible option in my design so that I can
decide what I want to give in my design beforehand and can make changes if necessary
if needed before the completion.

53.
Bubble diagrams and Analysis
After analysing the answers of questionnaire and the need generation paper; I made
bubble diagram on the client needs and a sheet showing that after analysing the
questionnaire what things are to omitted.
In the first sheet it show the client’s needs i.e. WHAT TO GIVE in the client house
according to the requirements client demanded; with that the sheet show that the
demands or requirements can be given in which way i.e. HOW TO GIVE.
After analysing both what to give and how to give points the next thing I made was a
combined BUBBLE DIAGRAM that includes the points of what to give and how to give
both.
In the second sheet it shows that what the omissions are in my working after
thoroughly analysing the first sheet.

55.
Space Planning (Brain Storming)
I have created many space planning free hand layouts to reach the final space planning
of studio apartment.

58.
Final Space Planning Layout
(with elevation papers)
In this that I space planned after analysing all the needs and demands of the clients and
followed all the elements and principles of design and also followed the principles of
“Louis Kahn” and also followed the anthropometrics and ergonomics to create maximum
positive space from the all negative space present in my space provided then I also kept
in mind when space planning that is connectivity between the spaces.
Also the major demand of my client was that he wanted a multifunctional house so that
he can make him comfortable in all situations hence I used movable furniture for that
purpose.
In the plan below of my client I had space planned I have provided following spaces: -
 A living room that can be used as per his requirement as it is multifunctional for
purposes like gathering, entertainment, studying, relaxing, parties, etc. also my
living room can be transformed into a bedroom as I have used sofa cum bed in
my living room.
 The bedroom provides lot of free space as I have used studio bed instead of
normal bed so that my client can create more space siting his dynamic
requirements. Also I have given a study table that can be used for working and
it can be used for lots of hours as its overviewing the beauty of nature outside
and my clients don’t feel boring at the times of long working.
With that my wardrobe or dressing are is connected to suit his personal
requirements and it is also easily linked with the bathroom.
 My bathroom has utilised less space as I have given all the facilities like a
shower enclosure, water closet (W.C.), a washbasin with a shelf.
 The kitchen I space planned; I choosed a L-shaped kitchen so that his working
efficiency can be increased. Also the kitchen provided is not so big as my client
prefer take aways and sometime uses its kitchen like as a satellite kitchen and
uses it when there is a party or guest appearance In the house.
 I had attached a dining table that is linked with the both living and the kitchen
also the dining table created is built-in so that more free circulation area can be
provided and it can be used whenever my client needs.
 In addition of all these I had provided two vestibules for proper circulation and
in one vestibule a closet has been fitted and also I had provided three windows
in my structure so that adequate light and ventilation is possible.

61.
Style: COLONIAL STYLE
I choosed colonial style for my client’s house because as my client wanted a higher end
design layout where an elegant ambience could be developed with an addition of
sophisticated and at the same time freshness in the studio apartment so that he
recharges himself that’s why I decide to reincarnate the Colonial time period in this
modern world and to create a timelessness design that is making a design which is
evergreen and does not get obsolete with passing of time.
Colonial interior design ideas can be sourced from American colonial style or British
colonial style.
American colonial interior design became popular throughout North America during the
early 18th century.
The design replicates many of the traditional European homes of that era and is heavily
influenced by early American farmhouses mixed with grand homes of Old Europe to
provide this sensational American decorating style.
There are two ways to go with this design concept as it can be both rustic interior design
or sophisticated. Rustic is the ‘everyday man’s’ home from that period and the
alternative is a more luxurious look that was then only available to those who could
afford Influences of design and architecture were brought to America from the England
when immigrants settled during that period and decorated their own homes. Their
lifestyle was reflected in their design simplified and practical.
The simplicity created light, spacious interiors with elegant clean lines. There are several
key characteristics of colonial interior design that can be adapted to suit your home.
Woodwork: - Extensive handmade furniture and cabinets carved from pine, birch or
maple represent the colonial concept in a way that the design itself was “honest” and
remained simplistic. In other words, not over complicated or over styled. Wide
baseboards (or skirting boards) are distinctive and look great with this concept.
Handmade quilts: - Quilting is such a beautiful way to celebrate Americana
decorating and family life. Quilts were used to decorate the walls, laid on top beds and
placed over sofas. You can recreate this look by having a quilt made of your favourite
fabrics, or add some interesting throws and cushions into your finished look. The images

62.
Uncluttered spaces: - Try to combine your objects and items with enough free space
so that you can enjoy looking at the ornamentation and beautiful colours captured in
you accessories. Otherwise your room(s) may become overcrowded with pattern and
colour. This is what we are looking to avoid so make sure you allow yourself plenty of
good storage.
Walls: - Commonly whitewashed with crown mouldings or dado rails. Occasionally
timber panelling was fitted. Sticking to muted paint colours for walls and ceilings were
ivory white. Wealthy homes had borders and murals which had natural motifs of fruit
and flowers much like those from the arts and crafts style. This can easily be replicated
by simple stencilling. However walls are generally best kept simple so as to that wooden
furniture, handmade cabinets, antiques and ornamentation take the limelight.
Remember not to over fill room so that you create enough spaces to enjoy your new
design.
Floors: - Walnut, mahogany, and cherry are the main types of hardwood flooring,
accessorized with colourful hand-woven rugs. Those include oriental style rugs. The
rooms are nothing short of classical and magnificent.
Note: the walls which are painted white however, the wooden panels create a rich finish
that you would expect to find in this design style.
Lighting: - Cast iron floor lamps, candle holders, wall fittings and beautiful chandeliers
similar to the one shown above are all used to create this timeless style. There is a huge
variety to select from so have fun browsing for the perfect fittings.

63.
The concept helps in many ways: -
 It helps the designer to make spatial layout.
 It helps in choosing material for the design.
 It act as Guide in choosing the colour and the lighting scheme for an Interior
Space
Conjunctive or Imperial Concept
Concept observable through the naked sense
such as colour, material, design style or like
the use of lighting, etc. this kind of concept is
more obvious and easy to identify for a client.
Conjunctive or Imperial Concept
Concept observable through the naked sense
such as colour, material, design style or like
the use of lighting, etc. this kind of concept is
more obvious and easy to identify for a client.
Concept Generation Ideas

64.
Design Development
The space which you see here of the Studio Apartment has been planned and arrived
after a lot of brainstorming. I first studied about the basics methods how a person
behaves, his activities and working areas in this space. I am supposed to workout first
with the efficient space planning of this area and then move on to design development
of this area, keeping into mind the style choosed i.e. “COLONIAL STYLE” from which I
got attracted and taken my inspiration for designing my studio apartment. To design an
area is not easy as we have to develop the space aesthetically and simultaneously lively
rejuvenating and refreshing space which helps to coordinate all the activities performed
by the client here.
After this space was space planned my next step was design. To design this space I
had space to focus the basic areas that’s the structure in which my design is to be
developed.
Note: - The space planning and the designing of the bedroom and the bathroom had
been done by me and the structure of the flat i.e. the structure of the studio apartment
has been provided by me.

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Studio
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AkashGidwani
B.Sc-ID-IIISem
Mr.JaiDadhwani
Mumbai

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Mr.JaiDadhwani
Mumbai

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Mr.JaiDadhwani
Mumbai

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Mr.JaiDadhwani
Mumbai

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B.Sc-ID-IIISem
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Mumbai

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Studio
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PlotArea:466.5sq.ft
AkashGidwani
B.Sc-ID-IIISem
Mr.JaiDadhwani
Mumbai
3DViews

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Studio
Apartment
AkashGidwani
B.Sc-ID-IIISem
Mr.JaiDadhwani
Mumbai

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PlotArea:466.5sq.ft
Studio
Apartment
AkashGidwani
B.Sc-ID-IIISem
Mr.JaiDadhwani
Mumbai

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Studio
Apartment
AkashGidwani
B.Sc-ID-IIISem
Mr.JaiDadhwani
Mumbai

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PlotArea:466.5sq.ft
Studio
Apartment
AkashGidwani
B.Sc-ID-IIISem
Mr.JaiDadhwani
Mumbai

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Studio
Apartment
AkashGidwani
B.Sc-ID-IIISem
Mr.JaiDadhwani
Mumbai

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PlotArea:466.5sq.ft
Studio
Apartment
AkashGidwani
B.Sc-ID-IIISem
Mr.JaiDadhwani
Mumbai

66.
Studio Apartment Design
In design part I was given a project of designing a studio apartment (In that I have to
design Bedroom and Bathroom). The area of a plan was given by the college and the
space planning of that area was already been done and was given to us for designing.
In that plan I again done the space planning for Bedroom and Bathroom and made
changes in the plan while making these changes I followed anthropometrics and
ergonomics and after that I did designing in that plan which was space planned by me.
The plan which was given by college and as it can be seen the space planning for
different spaces has already been done. The area in which planning and designing has
to be done is _ 21’6” X 21’6” (including walls)
The Final Space Planning Layout of Studio Apartment

67.
In the above new space planned layout I had made changes in the space planning of
Bedroom and Bathroom because according to me I was able to create more positive
space from negative space or I was able to generate more space for utilisation in
Bedroom and Bathroom for my client that was the reason I changed the space planning
in the plan instead of taking that space planned plan provided to me by college.
Also the view of the bedroom which a person will get while entering from the door and
standing in the vestibule is totally different from the previous view. In the previous view
of bedroom which a person will get was not good as the bed was seen from side but as
I changed the position of my bed in the space planning the view which I was getting
from that point was far better than the other one. Also I get more space as I have given
a built in study table so that he can uses it for various purposes as per his requirements.
Also a full length mirror has been provided near to the wardrobe so that whole space
can be utilised as a dressing space for a person also the usage of mirror in the small
house virtually increases the space by many times and make the house feel big and
airy.
In the bathroom I have interchanged the positions of water closet (W.C.) and wash basin
and I have removed the shower enclosure which was occupying much space and also
at the same time some space in the shower enclosure was a waste that was the reason
behind removing the shower enclosure and replacing it by the bath tub which include a
hand shower and also an overhead sower so that while standing also the person can
take bath. Also with that I had provided a curtain for covering the bath tub and also to
prevent water from spilling/coming out from that area when taking bath. I have also given
a storage space for keeping all the necessary things like towels, soaps and other
toiletries and below that there is a dustbin which can be used to keep the dirty clothes
or to throw the waste packets of toiletries or anything else.
Keeping this into mind an elaborate study was conducted by me through various books
and magazines. I visited many of the website to study how the houses of the world were
designed at the same time I also studied how in earlier times colonial style was evolved
in the house in British and American colonial time period. The first point which I had to
pay attention here was that my client wanted a higher end design layout where an
elegant ambience could be developed with an addition of sophisticated and at the same
time freshness in the studio apartment so that he can recharges himself.
For this I made collages on the various element of the concept which I took i.e.
“COLONIAL STYLE”. This collages gave me idea to select the colours textures and the
feel which I had to give in my client house also the colour chosen for the room to be
designed- studio apartment was dealt in the following manner. Also I understand
principles of design thoroughly from these collages.

69.
For any design of a small house the most important role is played by the colours used
in that design. In a studio apartment we light colours with the neutrals and mostly
choosed colour scheme for studio house is accented neutral colour scheme and
analogous colour scheme or that colour scheme which is not so heavy and s pleasing
to the eyes and at the same time it makes the person to feel the space as large.
The lights colours make the spaces appear large along with material choices are of that
texture that does not make the design bulky or heavy. Also in studio house bright and
vivid colour can be used in a little amount so that a mystery and emphasis in the design
could be made that add an interesting factor in the design.

70.
To design my studio apartment the next step in my design development is the
formulation of the type of concept chosen by me.
Concept generation can be empirical concept where we select the concept that we
observe through our naked senses such as the colour material type, texture etc.
In the abstract concept we develop a design through feeling and mood.
In my project I have taken the abstract concept to design the studio apartment as I
choosed the style i.e. COLONIAL STYLE and taken a mood for designing base as
the REFRESHMENT MOOD so that the reincarnation of the style choosed can be
done in my design for my client.
The various textures finishes and the feel of the various surfaces, the usage of fabrics,
and the patterns chosen are all depended on the development of the textures which I
have researched and devised from the concept of Colonial Time Period.

71.
My Design Development
Papers

72.
My Architectural Layouts
My Assignments

Alteration
Definition:-Definition:-Definition:-
BalconyBarsati
BasementBuildingHeightBuildingLine
Achangeinusageofbuildingorastructuralchange,
suchasanadditiontotheareaorheight,ortheremoval
ofapartofabuilding,oranychangetothestructure,
suchastheconstructionof,cuttingintoorremovalof
anywall,partition,column,beam,etc.
Ahorizontalcantileveredprojectionincludingahand-rail
orbalustradetoserveaspassageorsittingoutplace.
Habitableroom/roomsontheroofofbuildingwithor
withouttoilets/kitchen.
Thelowerstoreyofabuildingbeloworpartlyground
level.
Itstheheightoftheroofofthebuildingfromtheaverage
levelofthecenterlineoftheadjoiningstreet.
ifthebuildingdoesnotabutonastreet,theheightshall
measuredabovetheaveragelevelofthegroundlevelof
thegroundaroundalsoarchitecturalfeaturesexcluded.
Thelineuptowhichtheplinthofabuildingadjoininga
streetorextensionofastreetoronafuturestreetmay
lawfullyextend.
TechnicalTermsandDefinitions

Cabin
SunshadeCourtyard
CoveredAreaDampProofCourseDrain
Aroomconstructedwithnon-loadbearingpartitionwith
adequateprovisionoflightandventilation.
Aslopingorhorizontallystructuraloverhangusually
providedoveropeningsonexternalwallsforprotection
fromsunandrain.
Aspacepermanentlyopentothesky,enclosedfullyor
partiallybybuildingandmaybeatgroundlevelorany
otherlevelwithinoradjacenttoabuilding.
Groundareacoveredbythebuildingimmediatelyabove
theplinthlevel.itdoesnotincludethespacescovered
bycanopy,chhajjacanopyorlikeprojections;uncovered
staircase,compoundwall,gate,tank,fountain,garden,
etc.
Acourseconsistingofsomeappropriatewaterproofing
materialprovidedtopreventpenetrationofdampnessor
moisture.
Alineofpipesincludingallfittingsandequipmentsuch
asmanholes,inspectionchambers,traps,gulliesand
floortrapsusedforthedrainageofabuilding,ora
numberofbuildings.Drainshallalsoincludeopen
channelsusedforcarriageofsurfacewater.

Drainage
ExitExternalWall
FireLiftFireProofDoorFloor
Theremovalofayliquid(stormwater,wastewater,
sewage,etc.)byasystemconstructedforthispurpose.
Apassage,channelormeansofegressfromany
building,storeyorfloorareatoastreetorotheropen
spaceofsafety.
Anouterwallofabuildingnotbeingapartywalleven
thoughadjoiningtoawallofanotherbuildingandalsoa
meansawallabuttingonaninteriorpenspaceofany
building.
Oneoftheliftsspeciallydesignedforusebyfireservice
personnelintheeventoffire.
Adoororshutterfittedtoawallopening,andconstructed
anderectedwiththerequirementtocheckthe
transmissionofheatandfireforaspecifiedperiod.
Thelowersurfaceinastoreyonwhichonenormally
walksinabuilding.Thegeneralterm,floor,unless
otherwisespecificallymentioned,shallnotrefertoa
mezzaninefloor.

Footing
FoundationFront
GalleryGarageGroundFloor
Afoundationunitconstructedinbrickwork,masonryor
concreteunderthebaseofawallorcolumnforthe
purposeofdistributingtheloadoveralargearea.
Thatpartofthestructurewhichisindirectcontactwith
andtransmittingloadstotheground.
Asappliedtoabuildingmeanstheportionfacingthe
streetfromwhichithasaccess.
Anintermediatefloororplatformprojectingfromawallof
anauditoriumorahallprovidingextrafloorarea,
additionalseatingaccommodationetc.
Abuildingorportionthereofusedforshelter,storageor
parkingofawheeledvehicle.
Meansthestoreyofthebuildingwhichhasitsfloor
surfaceneartothegroundaroundthebuilding.

HabitableRoom
LoftStairCover
MezzanineFloorOpenSpaceParapet
Aroomoccupiedordesignedforoccupancybyoneor
morepersonsforstudy,living,sleeping,eating,kitchen
(ifitisusedaslivingroom),butnotincludingbathroom,
watercloset,store,pantry,corridor,etc.
Anintermediaryfloorspacecreatedbyintroductionofa
slabbetweenfloorandceilingofaroom,passageor
whereveritisprovidedwithmaximumclearheightof1.5
meterforstoragepurposesonly.
Astructurewithacoveringroofoverastaircaseandits
landing,builttoencloseonlythestairsforthepurposeof
providingprotectionfrom,weatherandnotusedfor
humanhabitation.
Anintermediatefloorbetweentwofloorlevelsabove
groundfloorandatleastonessideofitshouldforman
integralpartofspacefloor/below.
Anarea,forminganintegralpartoftheplot,leftopento
thesky.
Alowwallorrailingbuiltalongtheedgeofaroofora
floor.

Partition
PlinthPlinthArea
PorchRoomHeightServiceRoad
Aninteriornon-loadingbearingwall,onestoreyorpart
storeyinheight
Theportionofastructurebetweenthesurfaceofthe
surroundinggroundandsurfaceofthefloor,immediately
abovetheground.
Thebuiltupcoveredareameasuredatthefloorlevelof
thebasementorofanystorey.
Acoveredsurfacesupportedonpillarsorotherwisefor
thepurposeofpedestrianorvehicularapproachtoa
building
Theverticaldistancemeasuredfromthefinishedfloor
surfacetothefinishedceilingsurface.
Aroad/laneprovidedattherearorsideofaplotfor
servicepurpose

Set-BackLine
SiteorPlotStorey
StreetStructuralWallTravelDistance
Alineusuallyparalleltotheplotboundariesandlaid
downineachcasebythelocalmunicipalbodiesbeyond
whichnothingcanbeconstructedtowardstheplot
boundary.
Apieceoflandenclosedbydefiniteboundaries.Theportionofabuildingincludedbetweenthesurfaceof
anyfloorandthesurfaceofthefloornextaboveit,orif
thereisnoflooraboveit,thenthespacebetweenany
floorandceilingnextaboveit.
Anymeansoraccessi.e.highwayroad,street,lane,
pathwayetc.overwhichpublichavearightofpassage.
Meansaloadbearingwallorawallthatcarriesloadin
additiontoitsownweight.
Thedistancefromtheremotestpointonafloorofa
buildingtoaplaceofsafetybeitaverticalexit,
horizontallyexitoranoutsideexitmeasuredalongthe
lineoftravel.

SubmittedBy:-
AKASHGIDWANI
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SubmittedTo:-
DezyneE’coleCollege
www.dezyneecole.com
Subject:-BuildingConstruction
Topic:-TypesOfDoors
0

AKASHGIDWANI
BSc-ID–IISem.
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head
10mm
rebate
finishedfloor
postiron
holdfast
head
10mm
rebate
post
finished
floor
post
LocationofDoor:-
1.Fromconsiderationofadequateaircirculation
withintheroom,thedoorsshouldbeprovided
inoppositewallsfacingeachother.
2.Fromconsiderationofproperspaceutilization
andprivacy,doorsshouldbeasforaspossible
belocatednearthecornerofaroom
3.Thelocationofthedoorshouldmeetthe
functionalrequirementsoftheroom.
4.Thenumberofdoorsinaroomshouldbekept
minimumtoachieveoptimumutilizationof
space.Largenumberofdoorsbesidescausing
obstruction,consumemoreareaincirculation.
DoorFrame
Doorframeismadeupoftwoverticalmembers
knownasjambsorpostsandaflatmember
connectingthejambsattopcalledhead.The
cross-sectionaldimensionsofthejambandthe
headarenormallykeptsame.Thesizeofdoor
frameisworkedoutafterallowingaclearance
of5mm.Aroundforconvenienceoffixingthe
frameintheopening.
10mm
rebate
head
SingleDoorFrameDoubleDoorFrame
InteriorDesignBuildingConstructionPracticalAssignments
Topic–TypesofDoors

AKASHGIDWANI
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1.BattenedAndLedged
Door
Elevation
Section-YY
Section-XX
Definition
BattenedAndLedgedDoorPicture
Thisisthesimplestformofdoorcommonly
usedforopenings.Thedoorconsistofa
seriesofverticalbattensusuallytongued
andgroovedandfixedtogetherwith
horizontalbattensknownasledges.There
arethreeledgesoneeachisfixednearthe
topandbottomandthethirdoneisledge.
Thedoorishungontheframebyironhinges
TypesofDoor:-
1.Battenedandledgeddoors
2.Battenedledgedandbraceddoors
3.Battenedledged,bracedandframeddoors
4.Framedandpanelleddoors
5.Glazedorsashdoors
6.Flushdoors
7.Flyproofdoors
8.Revolvingdoors
9.Slidingdoors
10.Swingdoors
11.Collapsiblesteeldoors
12.Rollingsteelshutterdoors
13.Rollinggrilldoors
14.M.S.sheetdoors
15.Firecheckdoors
BrickWall
Frame
75x100
200x30ledge
30mmTHBatten
Plaster
Frame75x100
TopLedge
30x100
30mmThick
Batten
BottomLedge
30x100
Middle
Ledge
200x30
middle
ledge
200x30
Frame
75x100
Top
ledge
30x100
30mm
thick
batten
Bottom
ledge
30x100

AKASHGIDWANI
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2.BattenedLedgedAnd
BracedDoor
Elevation
Section-YY
Section-XX
Definition
Thisisanimprovedformofbattenedand
ledgeddoor.Inthistypeofdooradditional
membersareprovidedintheformof
inclinedbracesbetweentheledges.The
bracesarenormallyhousedandnottenoned
intotheledges.Inthispositiontheyactas
strutsandprovideincreasedrigidityand
strengthtothedoor.
TypesofDoor:-
5.Glazedorsashdoors
6.Flushdoors
7.Flyproofdoors
8.Revolvingdoors
9.Slidingdoors
10.Swingdoors
14.M.S.sheetdoors
15.Firecheckdoors
Frame75x100
TopLedge
100X35
35mmThick
Batten
MiddleLedge
200x35
BottomLedge
200X35
Bracing
100X35
Bracing
100X35
BrickWall
Frame
75x100
200x30ledge
30mmTHBatten
Plaster
middle
ledge
200x30
Frame
75x100
Top
ledge
30x100
30mm
thick
batten
Bottom
ledge
30x100

AKASHGIDWANI
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3.Battened,Ledged,Braced
AndFramedDoor
Elevation
Section-YY
Section-XX
Definition
Thistypeofdoorisconsideredtothe
superiorinstrength,durabilityand
appearancetoothertwotypeofdoors
above.Theframeworkofthistypeofdoor
consistsstiles,ledgesandbraces.Therails
positionednearthetop,middleandthe
bottomoftheshutteraremorticedand
tenonedintothestiles.
TypesofDoor:-
5.Glazedorsashdoors
6.Flushdoors
7.Flyproofdoors
8.Revolvingdoors
9.Slidingdoors
10.Swingdoors
14.M.S.sheetdoors
15.Firecheckdoors
Frame125X75
TopRail
75x50
20mmThick
Batten
LockRail
150x30
BottomRail
200x30
Bracing
75x30
Bracing
75x30
BrickWall
Frame
125x75
20mmTHBatten
Style
75x50
Plaster
Lock
Rail
150x30
Frame
75x100
Top
Rail
75x50
20mm
thick
batten
Bottom
Rail
200x30

1.OnePanelDoor
4.FourPanelDoor
TopRail
Stile
BottomRail
Panel
TopRail
2.TwoPanelDoor
Panel
TopRail
Panel
Stile
LockRail
3.ThreePanelDoor
TopRail
Panel
Panel
Stile
BottomRail
LockRail
Mullion
Panel
Stile
BottomRail
Mullion
5.FivePanelDoor
TopRail
Panel
Stile
BottomRail
Intermediate
Rail
6.SixPanelDoor
TopRail
Panel
Panel
Stile
BottomRail
LockRail
Friezerail
Lockrail
TypesofDoor:-
1.Onepaneldoor
2.Twopaneldoor
3.Threepaneldoor
4.Fourpaneldoor
5.Fivepaneldoor
6.Sixpaneldoor
BottomRail
Panel
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AKASHGIDWANI
BSc-ID–IISem.
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4.SixPaneledDoorwith
WoodenPanels
Elevation
Section-YY
Section-XX
Definition
TypesofDoor:-
5.Glazedorsashdoors
6.Flushdoors
7.Flyproofdoors
8.Revolvingdoors
9.Slidingdoors
10.Swingdoors
14.M.S.sheetdoors
15.Firecheckdoors
Thistypeofdooriscommonlyprovidedinall
typesofbuildings.Thisdoorconsistsof
timberframeworkofstilesandrailswhich
aregroovedontheinsidetoreceiveoneor
morepanels.Framedandpanelleddoorsare
madeinseveraldesignstosuitthe
functionalaswellasarchitectural
requirements.Alsohave1,2,3,4panels.
Frieze
Rail
100x35
Frame
75x100
Top
Rail
100x35
Panel
15mm
Bottom
Rail
200x35
Panel
Lock
Rail
150x35
Panel
Frame75x100
TopRail
100X35
Panel
15mmTH
LockRail
150x35
BottomRail
200X35
FriezeRail
100X35
Panel
Panel
BrickWall
Frame
100x75
15mmTH
WoodenPanel
Stile
100x35
Plaster

AKASHGIDWANI
BSc-ID–IISem.
www.dezyneecole.com
5.PanelledAndGlazedDoor
Elevation
Section-YY
Section-XX
Definition
TypesofDoor:-
5.Glazedorsashdoors
6.Flushdoors
7.Flyproofdoors
8.Revolvingdoors
9.Slidingdoors
10.Swingdoors
14.M.S.sheetdoors
15.Firecheckdoors
Thistypeofdoorisusedinresidentialas
wellaspublicbuildingslikehospitals,schools
orcollegesetc.withaviewtosupplement
thenaturallightingprovidedbywindowsor
tomaketheinteriorofoneroomvisible
fromtheadjacentroom.Glazedorsash
doorsaremadeinseveraldesigns.Theycan
beglazedfullyorpartly.
Frame75x100
TopRail
100X35
LockRail
35x150
BottomRail
200X35
Glass
Wooden
Panel
BrickWall
Frame
75x100
Stile35x100
Glass
Plaster
Lock
Rail
35x150
Frame
75x100
Top
Rail
30x100
Wooden
panel
Bottom
Rail
35x200
Glass
Wooden
Bead
Wooden
Bead

AKASHGIDWANI
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6.SolidCoretypeFlushDoor
(consistoflaminatedpieces)
Elevation
Section-YY
Definition
TypesofDoor:-
5.Glazedorsashdoors
6.Flushdoors
7.Flyproofdoors
8.Revolvingdoors
9.Slidingdoors
10.Swingdoors
14.M.S.sheetdoors
15.Firecheckdoors
Inthistype,thewoodenframeusedfor
holdingthecoreconsistsofstiles,toprail
andbottomrail,widthofeachmember
beingnotlessthan5cm.Theframeismade
outofselectedspeciesoftimber.Thewidth
ofthelippingshouldbeequaltothe
thicknessofthecoreanditsdepthshould
notbelessthan25mm.
BrickWall
Frame
75x100
Stile
Laminatedcorepieces
Plaster
Softwood
stripsor
laminated
Core
Pieces
Top
Rail
Stile
Bottom
Rail
Cross
band
Face
veneer
Or
plywood
Faceveneer

7.SolidCoretypeFlushDoor
(consistofparticleboard)
AKASHGIDWANI
BSc-ID–IISem.
www.dezyneecole.comElevation
Section-YY
Definition
TypesofDoor:-
5.Glazedorsashdoors
6.Flushdoors
7.Flyproofdoors
8.Revolvingdoors
9.Slidingdoors
10.Swingdoors
14.M.S.sheetdoors
15.Firecheckdoors
BrickWall
Frame
75x100
Stile
Solidcoreofparticleboard
Plaster
Solidcore
ofparticle
board
Top
Rail
Stile
Bottom
Rail
Faceveneer
Cross
band
Face
veneer
Or
plywood
Lipping
Lipping
Inthistype,thewoodenframeusedfor
holdingthecoreconsistsofstiles,toprail
andbottomrail,widthofeachmember
beingnotlessthan5cm.Theframeismade
outofselectedspeciesoftimber.Thewidth
ofthelippingshouldbeequaltothe
thicknessofthecoreanditsdepthshould
notbelessthan25mm.

AKASHGIDWANI
BSc-ID–IISem.
Section-YY
Section-XX
Definition
TypesofDoor:-
5.Glazedorsashdoors
6.Flushdoors
7.Flyproofdoors
8.Revolvingdoors
9.Slidingdoors
10.Swingdoors
14.M.S.sheetdoors
15.Firecheckdoors
Thistypeofdoorisusedtochecktheentry
offlies,mosquitoes,insectsetc.intothe
roomandtoallowfreecirculationofairat
thesametime.Thedoorconsistsofvertical
stilesandhorizontalrailsandtheopeningof
thepanelsarefittedwithfine-meshgauge.
TheG>I>wireisfixedbyuseofnailsand
timberbeading.
8.FlyProofDoor
Lock
Rail
35x150
Frame
75x125
Top
Rail
100x35
Bottom
Rail
35x200
Wire
mesh
Frame125x75
TopRail
100X35
Panelled
Door
LockRail
150x35
BottomRail
200X35
Wiremesh
BrickWall
Frame
125x75
10mmTH
WoodenPanelStile
100x35
Plaster
WiremeshWoodenbeading
Wooden
Bead

AKASHGIDWANI
BSc-ID–IISem.
Section-YY
Section-XX
Definition
TypesofDoor:-
5.Glazedorsashdoors
6.Flushdoors
7.Flyproofdoors
8.Revolvingdoors
9.Slidingdoors
10.Swingdoors
14.M.S.sheetdoors
15.Firecheckdoors
Thistypeofdoorisgenerallyusedin
passagesofpublicbuildingslikeoffices,
banksetc.Thedoormayhavesingleshutter
ortwoshutters.Theshuttersarefixedwith
specialhingeswhichholdtheshutterin
closedpositionwhennotinuse.Sincethese
doorsarepushedopen,theyshouldhave
glazedshuttersandavoidaccidents.
9.SwingDoor
Frame
100x75
Peep
hole
With
glass
35mm
Flush
Shutter
Frame
100x75
Peep
hole
With
glass
35mm
Flush
Shutter
Wooden
Bead
BrickWall
Frame
75X100Doubleaction
Springhinge
Plaster
35mmTH
Flushshutter

Definition
AKASHGIDWANI
BSc-ID–IISem.
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Elevation
Section-YY
TypesOfArrangementsOfShutters.
TypesofDoor:-
5.Glazedorsashdoors
6.Flushdoors
7.Flyproofdoors
8.Revolvingdoors
9.Slidingdoors
10.Swingdoors
14.M.S.sheetdoors
15.Firecheckdoors
9.SlidingDoor
Thistypeofdoorisgenerallyprovidedinpassagesofpublic
buildingslikeoffices,banksetc.thedoormayhavesingle
shutterortwoshutters.Theshuttersarefixedwithspecial
hingesknownasdoubleactionspringhingeswhichholdthe
shutterinclosedpositionwhennotinuse.Alternativelythe
edgesofthemeetingstilesbesegmental.
Wall
Frame
Track
Shutter
Brackets
ChannelTrack
Opening
Opening
Opening
DoorOpening
Lintel
FinishedFloor
Opening
Shutter

TypesofDoor:-
5.Glazedorsashdoors
6.Flushdoors
7.Flyproofdoors
8.Revolvingdoors
9.Slidingdoors
10.Swingdoors
14.M.S.sheetdoors
15.Firecheckdoors
RevolvingDoor
RollingSteelShutterDoorCollapsibleSteelDoor
Revolvingdoorsprovidesentranceononeside
andexitontheothersimultaneouslykeeping
theopeningautomaticallyclosedwhennotin
use.Thedoorissuchastoexcludethewind
draught.
Thesedoorsarecommonlyusedforshowwindows,
stores,shopfontsandgodownetc.thedoorshutter
actslikeasteelcurtainandprovidesadequate
protection&safetyagainstburglersandfire.The
guidechannelsaremadeofsteelaredeeptohold.
Thesedoorsareextensivelyusedforshops,garages,
publicbuildings,godownsetc.andinsituation
wherewidthofopeningislargeandprovisionof
hingedshutterbecomesdifficultforwantofspace.
Alsoincreasessafetyandprotectionoftheproperty.
AKASHGIDWANI
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DefinitionDefinitionDefinition

SubmittedBy:-
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SubmittedTo:-
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Subject:-BuildingConstruction
Topic:-TypesOfWindows
0

Inthistypeofwindowtheshutteris
capableofrotatingaboutapivot
fixedtowindowframe.Thewindow
framehasnorebate.Theshuttercan
rotatehorizontallyorvertically
dependinguponthepositionpivot.
AKASHGIDWANI
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TypesofWindow:-
1.Fixedwindow
2.Pivotedwindow
3.DoubleHungwindow
4.Casementwindow
5.Sashorglazedwindows
6.Louveredorventilatedwindows
7.Metalwindows
8.Baywindows
9.Clerestorywindows
10.Cornerwindows
11.Dormerwindows
12.Gablewindows
13.Skylights
14.Fanlights
15.Ventilators
16.Slidingwindows
Topic–TypesofWindows
Inthistypeofwindowtheglass
paneortheglazedshutteris
permanentlyfixedinthe
openinginthewall.usedwhere
lightaloneorvisionaloneis
neededasnoventilationis
possiblethroughfixedwindows.
Definition
Definition
FixedWindow
VerticalPivotedWindowHorizontalPivotedWindow
Frame
75x100
Glass
Top
Rail
35x75
Pivot
Point
Frame
75x100PivotPoint
Glass
TopRail35x75

AKASHGIDWANI
BSc-ID–IISem.
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CasementWindow
Section-YY
Section-XX
Definition
Windowswereshuttersopenlikedoorsare
calledcasementwindows.Similartodoors,
thistypeofwindowhasframeandshutter
composedofstiles,toprails,bottomrails,
verticalandhorizontalsashbarswithglass
panes.Dependingonthedeign,theframeof
acasementwindowcanalsohaveadditional
verticalandhorizontalmembers.
TypesofWindow:-
1.Fixedwindow
2.Pivotedwindow
3.DoubleHungwindow
4.Casementwindow
7.Metalwindows
8.Baywindows
9.Clerestorywindows
10.Cornerwindows
11.Dormerwindows
12.Gablewindows
13.Skylights
14.Fanlights
15.Ventilators
16.Slidingwindows
3-DView
Frontelevation
BrickWall
Frame
100x75
Glass
Style
100x35
Plaster
WoodenBeading
15x10
Transome
Frame
75x100
Glass
Top
Rail
35x75
Bottom
Rail
35x75
Glass

AKASHGIDWANI
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SashorGlazedWindow
Section-YY
Section-XX
Definition
Inthiscasethewindowshutterconsistsof
twosides,toprailsandabottomrail.The
panelspacebetweenthestilesandtherails
issuitablydividedbysmalltimbermembers
orbarsplacedbothhorizontallyand
verticallyoronlyhorizontallytosuitthe
designrequirements.Thesebarsarealso
knownasSashbarsorGlazingbars.
TypesofWindow:-
1.Fixedwindow
2.Pivotedwindow
3.DoubleHungwindow
4.Casementwindow
7.Metalwindows
8.Baywindows
9.Clerestorywindows
10.Cornerwindows
11.Dormerwindows
12.Gablewindows
13.Skylights
14.Fanlights
15.Ventilators
16.Slidingwindows
Frontelevation
BrickWall
Frame
100x75
Glass
Style
75x35
PlasterBeading
15x10
Frame
100x75
Beading
10x15
TopRail
35x75
Sash
35x35
Brick
Wall

Akash Gidwani Residential Portfolio,B.Sc.ID,Studio Apartment case study.

Akash Gidwani Residential Portfolio,B.Sc.ID,Studio Apartment case study.

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