Frank Locker, Frank Locker Educational Planning

Improving Learning with Refurbished Buildings for Students in Lower-Economic Areas Frank Locker PhD Frank Locker Educational Planning [email_address] Remodelling Education Spaces Conference Manchester UK September 2010

Glen Earthman: 112,000 Google entries Baltimore NAACP report Link: http://www.aclu.org/rightsofthepoor/edu/13429prs20040113.html Research DR GLEN EARTHMAN

SCHOOL BUILDINGS + STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT
Students in poor buildings perform less well than students in functional buildings
Most research shows 5 to 10 percentile rank points difference
Can be as much as 17 percentile points
Dr Glen Earthman Research

OLDER BUILDINGS ARE DETRIMENTAL TO STUDENT PERFORMANCE
Age is proxy for conditions
Age is often a reliable indicator that building condition is poor
14 studies: all reported students in modern schools with higher achievements than older buildings
Students in old buildings: 5 – 7 percentage points lower than in new buildings
Students in new buildings significantly outperform in reading, listening, language & math
Research Dr Glen Earthman

CRITERIA THAT MOST IMPACT STUDENT PERFORMANCE IN ORDER OF IMPORTANCE
Human comfort
Indoor air quality
Lighting
Acoustical control
Secondary Science Laboratories
Student capacity- Elementary
Student capacity- Secondary

SCIENCE EQUIPMENT/FURNITURE
4 studies conclude if building has poor science equipment & furnishings, students perform less well
8 percentile rank points lower than those with newer, functional equipment
Same holds true for elementary schools

WEST VIRGINIA HIGH SCHOOLS
119 of 126 high schools in the state
Higher poverty schools had been renovated through state funded programme
Student achievement in high poverty high schools statistically similar to non-poverty schools
Research Lyn Guy

SYRACUSE, NY REFURBISHED BUILDINGS
21 “recently renovated” urban schools serving 10,000 students: high poverty
Three focus schools
6 th grade maths scores rose 20% after renovation
No similar results for reading
No similar results for 3 rd grade maths
Research Dr Lorraine Maxwell

BOSTON SCHOOLYARD REFURBISHMENT
82 urban schools: high poverty
2/3 had improved schoolyards
72 schools reported improved 4 th year maths scores: 25% more students passed state tests
No similar effect on English scores
Increased physical activity = more learning?
Increased teacher/staff/student morale?
Community-based participatory process led to more engagement?
Research Lopez, Campbell,+ Jennings

VARIABLES
Physical conditions
Schoolyard conditions
School size
Class size
Community/parent involvement
Evaluation tools
Research procedures
Educational delivery/learning modalities
School organisation
Research

Teachers’ opinions of problem areas: “ The Condition of Education 2003”, National Center for Educational Statistics Small schools mitigate the negative effect of poverty VARIABLES Research

School Campuses NEW YORK, NY
Subdivide large high school buildings
Small choice high schools with learning themes
Research: small schools mitigate many negative aspects of poverty
CLOSE 20 FAILING SCHOOLS
OPEN 100+ SMALL CHOICE SCHOOLS

Laura Kurgan, New Visions: Peter Bachmann, HLW Architects

SMALL SCHOOLS
Clear focus + high expectations
Rigorous instructional programme
Personalised learning programmes
Schoolwide focus on student achievement
School-based professional development
Meaningful assessment
Partnerships with community organisations
Parent + caregiver engagement
Student voice + participation
Student choice of learning theme

59% on track to graduate on time, compared with 49%
11% increase in college credits attained
Attendance up 5%+-
Graduation rates up from 62% to 69%

School of One NEW YORK, NY
IS 339, middle school, Manhattan near Chinatown
STUDENT LEARNING
2004:
Maths: 9% students on grade level
English Language Arts: 12% on grade level
TEACHER ATTRITION
60% quit within 5 years
40% are disheartened

IS 339, middle school, Manhattan near Chinatown
STUDENT LEARNING
2004:
Maths: 9% students on grade level
English Language Arts: 12% on grade level
2009:
Maths: 62% on grade level
English language arts: 42% on grade level
SCHOOL OF ONE
One of Time Magazine’s
Top 50 Inventions 2009

Pilot summer programme
Pilot after school programme, 2 hrs/day
Now operational at several high poverty middle schools
4 teachers work together
+ Teaching aides
Student playlist
Learning task orientation
Personalised learning
Variety of learning modalities, simultaneously
Immediate assessment and feedback
Daily change in student’s playlist

Learning gains 4 to 8 X traditional classroom approach
In 1/3 the learning time
Student learning needs are assessed
Student preferred learning modalities are identified
Collaborative learner?
Reflective learner?
Visual learner?
Auditory learner?
Etc

Charter, choice school
Now multiple small schools, 500 students max
San Diego demographic: 1/3 poverty
Student test scores in top 25% statewide
99% university acceptance rate
40% are first in their family to attend
+84% university completion rate (2x national average)
38% major in STEM (science-technology-engineering-math) (2x national average)
High Tech High School SAN DIEGO, CA

Personalised, hands-on learning
Internships in local businesses
Adult world connections
Mixed ability levels
Integrated curriculum/dual certifications
maths/science
humanities

Larry Rosenstock, CEO
Mobile Learning Institute
Talking about project-based learning
www.mobilelearninginstitute.org

PHYS ED MEDIA CTR SCIENCE ENGLISH HISTORY MATH ART PERF ARTS SCIENCE
Technical school in disguise
High Tech High School SAN DIEGO, CA David Stephen, Architect

David Stephen, Architect High Tech High School SAN DIEGO, CA

PHYS ED MEDIA CTR SCIENCE ENGLISH HISTORY MATH ART PERF ARTS SCIENCE High Tech High School SAN DIEGO, CA David Stephen, Architect

DALLAS, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA Dallas Community Primary School
One of poorest communities in Victoria:
.87 out of .99 scale
One of most multicultural:
English not spoken in 87% of homes
25% migration/transfer rate

Starting in 2006
Child development approach
Teacher teams: 3 to 5 teachers
2 year levels grouped together: 1-2, 3-4, 5-6
Project based “discovery learning”
Students take control of learning
Microsoft Pathfinder School
Guided by Kenn Fisher +
Fielding Nair
Now enrollment growth by
150 students due to popularity
of the programmes

2006
Start of educational change
2007
Interactive whiteboards
2008
More desktops
2009
1:1 netbooks for years 3-6
i-pods
Cameras

New school in construction
Existing building remodelled to meet new curriculum

Learning results
Compared to all other schools in Victoria

MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA Wooranna Park Primary School
High Poverty
Test Scores at 36% - 73% vs 12% Expected per Student Family Occupation
Reggio Emilia self-guided curriculum model
Students responsible for own learning
Student collaboration
Personal learning passions: students negotiate OWN curriculum
Teacher teams: 3 to 5 teachers
Emphasis on media literacy
Interdisciplinary learning
Deep, authentic learning
Project-based learning

Mary Featherston Designer BEFORE AFTER MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA Wooranna Park Primary School
Started in year 5-6
This was the wrong place
110 Students
Teacher Teams
Activity Zones
Project-Based Learning

Mary Featherston Designer MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA Wooranna Park Primary School

Year 2-3-4

TRADE FOR YOUR BUSINESS CARD Want a Colour Copy of this Slide Show?

SMALL SCHOOL; STRATEGIC LOCATION MATCH School – Boston, MA HMFH Architects Tutorials Flexible Space Dormitory Cell Phone Store RELATIONSHIPS Low SES High success

HIGH STUDENT SUCCESS; TUTORS MATCH School – Boston, MA HMFH Architects Tutorials Flexible Space Dormitory Cell Phone Store RIGOR, ROLE MODELS 8AM TO 5PM Summer school MCAS RESULTS 8 th grade: 80% fail 10 th grade: Math 3rd highest in state COLLEGE RATE: 100%

SHARED FACILITIES, LOW SF/STDNT MATCH School – Boston, MA HMFH Architects No Gym No Library No Tech Ed No Family/Consumer Use YMCA Use Public Lib Sports based on interest 185 Stdnts+- 107SF/stdnt

MEASUREMENT OF STUDENT SUCCESS
TESTS
Standardized testing
All 6 New England states
Mandated by NCLB
Measurement of easily measured learning
AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENTS
Measurement of higher level learning
Exhibitions
Portfolios
Teacher observations
Measurement of higher level learning

TESTS vs. AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENTS
Coalition of Essential Schools
Initiative on authentic testing
ATLAS: Authentic Teaching & Learning for All Students
Connecticut:
State test includes essay questions
Administered at grades 5, 8, 11
Expensive to administer
Feds:
Administer every year, grades 3-8
Use multiple choice to cut costs

TESTS vs. AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENTS
Reports of rising test performance should lead us to ask” What was taken away from my child’s education in order to make them better at taking standardized tests?”
Alfie Kohn
71% of school districts report they have reduced time in at least 1 other subject in order to make more time for reading and mathematics
Study of 25,000 MS & HS students: students with “high arts” involvement (took at least 2 art classes per week and participated in extracurricular arts )… performed far better on standardized tests than students with “low arts involvement.”

SCHOOLS WITHIN SCHOOLS
A team of colleagues to work with (other students)
Relationships
Role models
Sense of comfort & security
RELATIONSHIPS
How small is small?
How many teachers can sit around a conference table?
How many students can a principal know by name?

Effective Education/Innovative Leaning Places
15-16 July
Graduate School of Design
15 architects + 15 educators X 2 days = magic
Coming Soon HARVARD EXECUTIVE EDUCATION Frank Locker Educational Planning “ Hands-on” 12 October Framingham area conference center Charles Fadel keynote Experts: 6 Teachers + 20 Students 100+- teachers create ideas for P-BL in their own schools PROJECT-BASED LEARNING CONFERENCE

FRANK LOCKER Educational Planning with HMFH Architects ADVISORY COMMONS ADVISORY ADVISORIES Metropolitan Regional Career & Technical Center
Lower socio-economic students who otherwise might have dropped out
92% attendance rate (local average 81%)
98% graduation rate (local average 87%)
98% college attendance rate; 75% college graduation rate (50% national average; 6% national average for lower socio-economic students)
75% are first ones in their families to go to college
#1 in state for School Climate
#1 in state for Parent Involvement
#1 in state for Teacher Availability (Academic Issues)
#1 in state for Teacher Availability (Personal Issues)
Met School Providence, RI, USA

FRANK LOCKER Educational Planning with HMFH Architects ADVISORY COMMONS ADVISORY ADVISORIES
Small school:120 students
Internships in business + institutions 2 days/week, 4 years
Personalized learning: curriculum wrapped around student interests
Project-based learning/didactic teaching
Teachers are advisors
School integral in community
Use Sports Hall+ services in community centre
Use Community College for Advanced Placement
Metropolitan Regional Career & Technical Center Met School Providence, RI, USA Newport, RI, USA

OLDER BUILDINGS ARE DETRIMENTAL TO STUDET PERFORMANCE CAUTION!!!
Most older buildings/ buildings in poor condition are in areas of greatest poverty (SES status)
Low SES students generally perform less well than students in more affluent areas

NATURAL DAYLIGHTING
Students with most daylight progressed 20% faster than those with least amount of daylight
Research Heshong Mehone Group

School of One NEW YORK, NY American Architectural Foundation

NEW YORK, NEW YORK Bushwick High School Laura Kurgan, New Visions: Peter Bachmann, HLW Architects

Laura Kurgan, New Visions: Peter Bachmann, HLW Architects

NEW YORK, NEW YORK Bushwick High School Laura Kurgan, New Visions: Peter Bachmann, HLW Architects

Learning gains 4 to 8 X traditional classroom approach
In 1/3 the learning time

Thanks
New York City
Peter Bachmann, JCJ Architects
Xenia Cox
Adam Rubin
Bruce Eisenberg, STV Architects
San Diego
Rob Riordan
Larry Rosenstock
Dallas
Valerie Karaitiana, Acting Principal, Dallas Brooks Community Primary School, Dallas, Victoria, AU
Amanda Henning, Acting Principal, Dallas Primary School, Dallas, Victoria, AU
Lynne Gunning, Assistant Principal, Dallas, Victoria, AU
Wooranna Park Primary School
Ray Trotter, Principal
Annalise Gehling
Paul Cuffee Charter School
David Bourne, Director
Nina Gianotti
MATCH School
Alan Safran, Director
School of One
Joel Rose

High Tech High School SAN DIEGO, CA David Stephen, Architect

FIRST ORDER OF IMPORTANCE: SAFETY
Potable water
Fire safety
Adequate lavatories
Security systems
Communication system for use in emergencies

HUMAN COMFORT
Significant positive correlation between student achievement and temperatures within comfort zone
8 studies: positive relationship: controlled environment & student achievement/behavior
15 studies: strong relationship AC & student performance
Non-AC’d buildings: 3-1/2 percentile rank points lower on various measures than AC’d buildings

POOR INDOOR AIR QUALITY
EPA: 10,000,000 school days lost/ year: asthma attacks
More doctor diagnosed asthma symptoms higher in dirty buildings
High CO2: more reported health symptoms & lower test scores
Remove allergens from carpeting:
math scores up 3.8%
logical reasoning up 3-4%

LIGHTING
Good quality lighting & proper FC: increases in student performance
Schools w/ poor lighting: lower student performance
Schools w/ daylighting: 20% higher student achievement on standardized tests

ACOUSTICS
Positive correlation between appropriate acoustical conditions & student achievements
California study of achievement of students in noisy building:
3 rd graders:
.4 years behind in reading
.7 years in math
6 th graders: .7 years behind in reading
Higher levels of noise, in & outside classroom, hinders achievement

SOUND ENHANCEMENT SYSTEMS
Wireless microphone, 4 speakers
$2000+- per classroom
10-15 percentage gains in student performance
Regardless of class size, individual learning needs, socioeconomic status (SES), or English Language Learner (ELL) proficiency
One study: 36% drop in teacher absenteeism
Research Dr Paul McCarty

OVERCROWDED SCHOOL FACILITIES
Lower student achievement
Elementary
Secondary
Lower HS graduation rates
Negatively impacts work of teachers

Frank Locker, Frank Locker Educational Planning

by Vikki Jacobs on Sep 17, 2010

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