Defining Global Health Expanding horizons in medical education, Bellagio, Italy, September, 2008

Participant Organizations GHEC WHO Consortium of NAA Global Health Centers Fogarty Deans from Africa and India US Schools: Columbia, Cornell, Tufts, BU Medical Students (Canada, Israel) Sponsored by : Medical School for International Health at Ben Gurion University in collaboration with Columbia University

GHEC

WHO

Consortium of NAA Global Health Centers

Fogarty

Deans from Africa and India

US Schools: Columbia, Cornell, Tufts, BU

Medical Students (Canada, Israel)

Sponsored by : Medical School for International Health at Ben Gurion University in collaboration with Columbia University

What is a definition? Meaning of a word or phrase Essence of a thing

Meaning of a word or phrase

Essence of a thing

Limitations in defining Global Health* General term without well-defined parameters Evolving field with changing dimensions and challenges No specific standards for global health training and credentialing No established curriculum for the health professions * Deckelbaum, Bellagio, 2008

General term without well-defined parameters

Evolving field with changing dimensions and challenges

No specific standards for global health training and credentialing

No established curriculum for the health professions

* Deckelbaum, Bellagio, 2008

Defining Global Health: IOM, 1997 "health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries, may be influenced by circumstances or experiences in other countries, and are best addressed by cooperative actions and solutions."

"health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries, may be influenced by circumstances or experiences in other countries, and are best addressed by cooperative actions and solutions."

Defining Global Health: Consortium of NA Academic Global Health Centers A field of study, research, and action addresses the health of people everywhere , with special focus on health disparities ; Bridges the divide between medicine and public health through practices that are responsive to both community and individual health care Prevention as well as curative and rehabilitative care ;

A field of study, research, and action addresses the health of people everywhere , with special focus on health disparities ;

Bridges the divide between medicine and public health through practices that are responsive to both community and individual health care

Prevention as well as curative and rehabilitative care ;

Defining Global Health: Consortium of NA Academic Global Health Centers 4. Engages health and non-health science disciplines to bring coordinated action; 5. Provides training of skilled health workforce at all levels 6. Provides a platform to stimulate interactions among multiple stakeholders

4. Engages health and non-health science disciplines to bring coordinated action;

5. Provides training of skilled health workforce at all levels

6. Provides a platform to stimulate interactions among multiple stakeholders

Figure 1 The Global Health Wheel Cross Cultural Medicine Medical anthropology Geographic Medicine Disaster Medicine Refugee Medicine Tropical Infectious Diseases Preventive Medicine Writing Grant Proposals Local Diplomacy

Recommendation: Defining Global Health No single comprehensive definition of GH Common concepts: Equity Operationalizing preventive-curative medicine and public health by combining disciplines of medicine- admin- health Cross cultural medicine , linked to medical anthropology, geographic medicine, etc.

No single comprehensive definition of GH

Common concepts:

Equity

Operationalizing preventive-curative

medicine and public health by combining

disciplines of medicine- admin- health

Cross cultural medicine , linked to medical

anthropology, geographic medicine, etc.

The Bellagio Conference “Expanding Frontiers in Medical Education”: Recommendations for Global Health Education

Four main themes in GHE Defining Global Health Specifying Global Health Competencies Operationalizing international placements Effecting inter-institutional cooperation

Defining Global Health

Specifying Global Health Competencies

Operationalizing international placements

Effecting inter-institutional cooperation

Recommendation: Competencies General Community , e.g. project management, including data collection and analysis Individual , e.g. Hx/ P.E. skills, know guidelines for common global problems, such as malaria in kids Local, e.g. local history, politics, health care system, etc.

General

Community , e.g. project management, including data collection and analysis

Individual , e.g. Hx/ P.E. skills, know guidelines for common global problems, such as malaria in kids

Local, e.g. local history, politics, health care system, etc.

Recommendation: International Rotations Best method for learning acceptance of other cultures: global attitude: sensitivity and awareness Must be based on inter-institutional cooperation and mutual assistance Method: structured experience that involves local students, has explicit objectives and is evaluated

Best method for learning acceptance of other cultures: global attitude: sensitivity and awareness

Must be based on inter-institutional cooperation and mutual assistance

Method: structured experience that involves local students, has explicit objectives and is evaluated

Recommendation: International Collaboration Transparency, trust and professionalism Preliminary mapping of admin, governance, roles, responsibilities, evaluation Written document

Transparency, trust and professionalism

Preliminary mapping of admin, governance, roles, responsibilities, evaluation

Written document