Presentation given by Alexandre Morin of SINTEF Energy Research on "IMPACTS - The impact of the quality of CO2 on transport and storage behaviour" at the EC FP7 Projects: Leading the way in CCS implementation event, London, 14-15 April 2014

1. Technology for a better society
2014-04-14
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Workshop EC FP7 Projects: Leading the way in CCS implementation
London, 14-15 April 2014
Alexandre Morin, SINTEF Energy Research
www.sintef.no/impacts
IMPACTS - The impact of the quality of CO2
on transport and storage behaviour

2. Technology for a better society 2
Photo: Shutterstock
IMPACTS at a glance
Collaborative project under the EU’s 7th
Framework Programme for research
• Duration: 2013-2015 (3 years)
• Budget: 5,6 M EUR
• EU contribution: 4 M EUR
• Coordinator: SINTEF Energy Research
• Research performing partners: 12
• Funding parties (industry): 5
• Industry participation fee: 60 kEUR/year

3. Technology for a better society
Research performing partners:
1. SINTEF Energy Research, Norway
2. Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
3. CIUDEN, Spain
4. TNO, The Netherlands
5. GFZ German Research Centre for
Geosciences, Germany
6. Tsinghua University, China
7. Progressive Energy Limited, UK
8. Centro Sviluppo Materiali (CSM), Italy
9. ISPE, Romania
10. Det Norske Veritas (DNV), Norway
11. ALSTOM, Germany
12. Statoil Petroleum, Norway
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IMPACTS partners (1/2)

4. Technology for a better society
Funding parties:
1. Statoil Petroleum, Norway
2. Lundin, Norway
3. Gas Natural Fenosa, Spain
4. MAN Diesel and Turbo, Germany
5. Vattenfall, Sweden
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IMPACTS partners (2/2)

5. Technology for a better society
The CCS value chain
technical and legal CO2 requirements
CO2
injection
CO2
purification
and
conditioning
Sources StorageTransport
industry
power plants
ships
pipelines
EOR/EGR
storage in saline
aquifers
gas processing
composition, T, P

6. Technology for a better society
• IMPACTS addresses the impact of
impurities in CO2 captured from power
plants and CO2-intensive industries
with the aim of ensuring safe and
reliable transport, injection and
storage solutions.
• This encompasses fluid properties,
phase behaviour and chemical
reactions in the infrastructure complex
and at the storage sites.
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The rationale behind IMPACTS
Mona J. Mølnvik (IMPACTS Coordinator) and Svend Tollak
Munkejord demonstrating the CO2 mixture phase equilibrium
cell at SINTEF Energy Research. (Photo: Thor Nielsen/SINTEF)

7. Technology for a better society
• Lack of experimental data and verified property models for mixtures of CO2 and
impurities related to CO2 capture
• Understanding the effect of impurities on materials, equipment, processes, operation
and safety procedures
• Understanding how impurities will affect the storage integrity
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Main problems of impurities in CO2 transport and storage:
From left: Aerial photo of the Ketzin pilot site injection facility; Schematic vertical profile of the Ketzin pilot site including the wells. Copyright: F. Møller/GFZ

8. Technology for a better society
• SP1: Investigation of fundamental properties
of relevant CO2 mixtures. This will give new
insights on the effects of impurities in CO2 on
thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, corrosion
potentials
• SP2: Large-scale experiments will produce
data on the effect of impurities. The techno-
economic impacts of CO2 mixture composition
and possible HSE consequences will be
assessed.
• SP3: The results will constitute a technical
knowledge base for developing practices for
design and operation of CO2 pipeline and
storage site infrastructures.
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IMPACTS Concept

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IMPACTS Structure

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Other FP7 projects
CO2 transport and storage
Impact of impurities
Closest to IMPACTS
CO2 storageCO2 Capture

11. Technology for a better society
• Workshop with all partners
• Review the knowledge gaps
• Define benchmark CCS chains
• To be used in the assessment of
the effect of impurities
• To be used by all the partners in
the definition of experimental
conditions and in modelling
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SP1 – Selection of CCS chains and operating conditions
Overview of expected typical CO2 stream compositions of six CO2 source
and capture technology combinations that are responsible for the most
extreme impurity levels. The concentrations are given on a volume basis
(%) or ppm (where not labelled as %).

12. Technology for a better society
• Develop a reference equation of state
for CO2 with impurities
• Based on the Span-Wagner
equation of state
• Binary mixing rules
• Fall-back on GERG2008 for minor
impurities
• Measurements of thermophysical
properties
• Phase equilibrium
• Gas densities
• Transport properties
• Coordination of the work internationally
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SP1 – Development of CO2 equation of state
Technical Specifications
T-range: 273 K to 323 K
p-range: 0.1 MPa to 12 MPa
Homogeneous gas-mixtures
Δρ/ρ = 0.02 %
Two-Sinker Densimeter for Gases, RUB, Germany

13. Technology for a better society
• Transient fluid-dynamics in CO2 pipes
• Safe design of pipeline network
• CO2-natural gas: different
characteristics
• Coupling of accurate thermodynamics
with fluid-dynamical models
• Benchmarking of tools
• OLGA: pure CO2
• SINTEF: CO2 mixtures
• CSM: Fluent + in-house
thermodynamic library
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SP1 – Fluid-dynamical simulation
Pressure-temperature evolution during
depressurisation of CO2 mixtures with
impurities
Pipeline with valve

14. Technology for a better society
• Literature review and knowledge gap analysis
• Experiments under pressure and temperature
conditions relevant for CCS
• Autoclave
• Homogeneous corrosion
• H2O+O2+SO2
• Rotary autoclave: effect of flow rate
• Stress corrosion cracking
• H2O + H2S + H2
• Modelling
• Homogeneous corrosion rates
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SP1 – Corrosion
Laboratory for measurements in homogeneous
corrosion, Tsinghua University, China
Laboratory for measurements in stress-corrosion
cracking, Centro Sviluppo Materiali, Italy

15. Technology for a better society
• Literature review and knowledge gap analysis
• Experiments on chemical effect of impurities on
• Reservoir rocks, cements, reservoir fluids
• Thermodynamics and kinetics
• Flow-through experiments, analysis of reservoir
sample
• Pressure/temperature ranges relevant for
CO2 storage
• Modelling at local scale
• Reactivity rates, effects on porosity,…
• Modelling at reservoir scale
• Evolution of reservoir properties
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SP1 – Reactivity in reservoirs
CCS laboratory, CIUDEN, SPAIN

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SP2 – Operational effect of impurities
Hontomín pilot injection site, CIUDEN, Spain
Ketzin pilot injection site, GFZ, Germany
CO2 transport rig, CIUDEN, Spain

17. Technology for a better society
• Evaluate cost sensitivity of CCS chains to the presence of impurities
• Modular tool
• Multiple sources, storage sites
• Which impurities must be removed for safety reasons
• Trade-offs between
• Cost of adapting transport and storage infrastructure to impurities
• Cost of removing impurities during/after capture
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SP2 – Techno-economic analyses
IMPACTS Tool v0.2 Logic Module Connections
Connection Diagram This sheet provides a visual representation of the connected CCS chain
Components Group 1 Components Group 2 Components Group 3
Group Type Join Series Branch
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1 1 1
1
1
1 1
0
0
Connections Connections
Pipeline Oil Field
Oil Field 2
0
Pre-Combustion
Post-Combustion
Post-Combustion
Techno-economic model for CCS chains, Progressive Energy, UK

18. Technology for a better society
• Mapping of state of the art in CCS risk
assessment
• DNV's reports on design of CO2 pipelines
and selection of CO2 storage site
• TNO: release to the atmosphere
• Recent model improvements for CO2
• Risk assessment of the impacts of CO2 quality
• Use the new results produced by the project
• Starting just now
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SP2 – Risk assessment
SINTEF Materials and chemistry

19. Technology for a better society
• Synthesise the results and
point out the challenges
• Collect results from the
project and make a
knowledge base
• Starting over the summer
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SP3 – Collection and dissemination of results

20. Technology for a better society
• SP1 – Fundamental understanding of the effect of impurities on the transport and
storage infrastructure
• Thermodynamic measurements and modelling of CO2 mixtures
• Transient fluid dynamics of CO2 in pipes
• Corrosion
• Impacts on reservoir rocks
• SP2 – Impacts of impurities at system level
• Experiments on pilot sites
• Techno-economic analysis
• Risk assessment
• Iterative process between SP1 and SP2 and collection of results in SP3
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IMPACTS

21. Technology for a better society
Acknowledgement: The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's
Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-ENERGY-20121-1-2STAGE) under grant agreement n° 308809 (The IMPACTS
project). The authors acknowledge the project partners and the following funding partners for their contributions:
Statoil Petroleum AS, Lundin Norway AS, Gas Natural Fenosa, MAN Diesel & Turbo SE and Vattenfall AB.
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Thank you for your attention
Nils A Røkke, Chairman of the Executive Board, Nils.A.Rokke@sintef.no
Mona J. Mølnvik, Coordinator, Mona.J.Molnvik@sintef.no
Astrid Lilliestråle, Project manager, Astrid.Lilliestrale@sintef.no
An Hilmo, Project secretary, An.Hilmo@sintef.no
Website: www.sintef.no/impacts