Overall Cancer Incident

Overall Cancer Incident [1]
In 2006, 131 people per 100,000 population in Peninsular Malaysia were diagnosed with cancer and registered with the National Cancer Registry.
The 5 most common cancers among the population were:
Breast cancer
Colorectal (colon) cancer
Lung cancer
Cervical cancer
Nasopharynx cancer

Overall Cancer Incident [1] Among the population in Peninsular Malaysia: [1]

C hange in bowel or bladder habits
Diarrhoea or Constipation
Urinary frequency & urgency
A Sore that does not heal
Small patches on the skin
Sore in the mouth
U nusual Bleeding or Discharge
Blood in Stool
Blood in Urine
Post-menopausal Bleeding
7 Warning Signs of Cancer!!! [2] Colon Cancer Bladder or Kidney Cancer Skin Cancer Oral Cancer Colon Cancer Bladder or Kidney Cancer Uterine Cancer

T hickening of Lumps in Breast or elsewhere
I ndigestion or difficulty in swallowing
Cancer in digestive system
O bvious Change in a Wart or Mole
N agging or Persistent Cough
or Hoarseness
7 Warning Signs of Cancer!!! [2] Common Wart

Lung Cancer [1]
There were 2048 cases of lung cancer in Peninsular Malaysia comprising 1445 males and 603 females in 2006.
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer among males and the third most common cancer among populations in Peninsular Malaysia.
Statistics

Lung Cancer
The single most major risk is
tobacco smoking, whether active
or passive.
Passive smokers are non-smokers who breath e tobacco smoke from a smoker.
Picture courtesy of: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/9940.htm Risk factor : [3]

Lung Cancer
Tobacco smoke contains numerous chemicals (carcinogens) which damage the lung cells and initiate changes leading to cancer.
Tobacco smoke is
responsible for about
90% of lung cancer.
Risk factor : [3]

Lung Cancer
A cough that does not go away
Chest pain, often made worse by deep breathing
Hoarseness of voice
Weight loss and loss of appetite
Bloody or rusty-coloured sputum
(spit or phlegm)
Shortness of breath
Unusual tiredness
New onset of wheezing
Symptoms : [3]

Lung Cancer
The treatment for lung cancer includes:
Surgical removal of the cancer
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Combination of the above
treatments
Surgical removal of the cancer tumour is recommended when the cancer has not spread beyond the lungs.
Treatment : [4]

Lung Cancer
Radiation Therapy is the curative therapy used to kill dividing cancer cells.
Chemotherapy refers to the administration of drugs that stop the growth of cancer cells by killing them or preventing them from dividing.
Chemotherapy is the preferred treatment when the tumours on diagnosis are found to be generally widespread in the body.
Treatment : [4]

Lung Cancer
Smoking cessation is the most important measure that prevents lung cancer.
Minimize exposure to passive smoking.
Prevention : [4]

References
Kementerian kesihatan Malaysia. Malaysia cancer statistics: data and figure Peninsular Malaysia 2006. [online]. 2006 [cited 2009 Dec 17]; [137 pages]. Available from: URL: http://www.moh.gov.my/opencms/export/sites/default/moh/report/Cancer/MalaysiaCancerStatistics_2006.pdf
Dr. Milton Lum. Signs of lung cancer. Malaysian oncological society [online]. 2007 Feb [cited 2009 Dec 17]; Available from: URL: http://www.malaysiaoncology.org/article.php?aid=260&PHPSESSID=0c7a95ea4019e25abad25e7653e35f09
Pamela J. Carter, Susan Lewsen. Lippincott’s textbook for nursing assistants: a humanistic approach to caregiving. Philadelphia (USA): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2005. p. 743.
Melissa Conrad Stoppler, Jay W. Marks. MD. Lung cancer. MedicineNet.com. [online]. 2008 Feb [cited 2009 Dec 17]; [8 pages]. Available from: URL: http://www.medicinenet.com/lung_cancer/page8.htm

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Overall Cancer Incident

by UCSI University on Jan 18, 2010

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