Creativity in Management

Creativity in management Tudor Rickards (2007)

Creativity quiz (1) How would you define creativity (2) Can you name a theory which explains creativity (3) What proportion of people would you say are creative? (4) What has madness, mystery, and magic to do with creativity (5) Name an industry famed for its creative discoveries for over a century

(1) How would you define creativity

(2) Can you name a theory which explains creativity

(3) What proportion of people would you say are creative?

(4) What has madness, mystery, and magic to do with creativity

(5) Name an industry famed for its creative discoveries for over a century

Creativity quiz (6) Where does creativity fit into Tuckman’s model of team development? (7) How was Tuckman’s model modified to explain creative teams at work? (8) Which industries are growing the most rapidly in the 21 st century? (9) Whose work helps explain intrinsic motivation? 10 Whose work helps explain creative clusters?

(6) Where does creativity fit into Tuckman’s model of team development?

(7) How was Tuckman’s model modified to explain creative teams at work?

(8) Which industries are growing the most rapidly in the 21 st century?

(9) Whose work helps explain intrinsic motivation?

10 Whose work helps explain creative clusters?

Creativity has been allied to .. Madness Mystery Muses Magic

Madness

Mystery

Muses

Magic

Definitions of creativity Discovery processes leading to new and unexpectedly valuable ideas ‘ Looking where all have looked, and seeing what no one has seen’

Discovery processes leading to new and unexpectedly valuable ideas

‘ Looking where all have looked, and seeing what no one has seen’

Creativity invades all walks of life

Creativity in management Person Process Place (or ‘ Press’) Product

Theories of creativity Insight theories Self-actualization Transcendence Cognitive reframing Darwinism Information processing Problem-solving Experiential learning

Insight theories

Self-actualization

Transcendence

Cognitive reframing

Darwinism

Information processing

Problem-solving

Experiential learning

Insight theories: Scientific discoveries Preparation (Knowledge, experience) Incubation (‘Gestation’) Insight (large or small) Validation (Design and testing actions) Intal and Dr Roger Altunyian

Preparation (Knowledge, experience)

Incubation (‘Gestation’)

Insight (large or small)

Validation (Design and testing actions)

Self-actualization theories Creativity is an important concept within humanistic psychology Carl Rogers has had particular impact (Maslow also important) Rogers considered each individual to have a potential for creative achievement that could be developed through a nurturing environment

Creativity is an important concept within humanistic psychology

Carl Rogers has had particular impact (Maslow also important)

Rogers considered each individual to have a potential for creative achievement that could be developed through a nurturing environment

Information processing and systems theories Theories are based on complex patterns achieved (‘created’) with simple underpinning rules Information theories are used to study and explain creativity in many animal species

Theories are based on complex patterns achieved (‘created’) with simple underpinning rules

Information theories are used to study and explain creativity in many animal species

Theories of creativity overlap Transcendence Insight Problem solving Systems theories

Creativity: The big questions How can I become more creative? How can my team become more creative? How can my organization become more creative? How can my society or culture become more creative?

How can I become more creative?

How can my team become more creative?

How can my organization become more creative?

How can my society or culture become more creative?

The Creative Individual The elitist view: Special and gifted people are born creative (The gifted and talented school) The developmental view: Everyone has the potential to fulfil their creative abilities (Carl Rogers)

The elitist view: Special and gifted people are born creative (The gifted and talented school)

The developmental view: Everyone has the potential to fulfil their creative abilities (Carl Rogers)

Creativity in business Creative leadership Creative strategy Design, discovery and innovation Problem-solving Organizational change and transformation Entrepreneurship

Creative leadership

Creative strategy

Design, discovery and innovation

Problem-solving

Organizational change and transformation

Entrepreneurship

The creative team Teamwork is increasingly seen as the organizational structure for focusing and targeting collective creativity

Teamwork is increasingly seen as the organizational structure for focusing and targeting collective creativity

Team development: Tuckman’s model Form Storm Norm Perform

Unanswered questions of Tuckman’s model What if a team never escapes from the ‘storm’ stage? What if team performs beyond the norm (beyond targets and expectations?) Where does creativity come into teamwork?

What if a team never escapes from the ‘storm’ stage?

What if team performs beyond the norm (beyond targets and expectations?)

Where does creativity come into teamwork?

Answering the questions Researchers at MBS have studied a modification to Tuckman’s stage model It proposes two barriers to creativity which teams must overcome Only a minority of teams do so

Researchers at MBS have studied a modification to Tuckman’s stage model

It proposes two barriers to creativity which teams must overcome

Only a minority of teams do so

The Two-barrier model of team development (MBS) Form Storm Unexpectedly good (creative) performance Performance barrier Behavioral barrier Norm and Perform

The Creative Team Recently the idea of distributed leadership suggests that a team may collectively act as a ‘ superleader ’ (Manz & Sims)

Recently the idea of distributed leadership suggests that a team may collectively act as a ‘ superleader ’ (Manz & Sims)

The creative organization Creative industries, and their organizations have increased in importance They are fast-growing economically They include architecture; arts & antiques: Design, Performing Arts, Electronic games and media

Creative industries, and their organizations have increased in importance

They are fast-growing economically

They include architecture; arts & antiques: Design, Performing Arts, Electronic games and media

The creative organization: Toyota

The creative organization: Haier

The creative organization: WordPress WordPress is a good example of an entrepreneurial and creative organization …supplying an easy-to-use service for bloggers Its growth supports ‘infection’ theories of creativity

WordPress is a good example of an entrepreneurial and creative organization …supplying an easy-to-use service for bloggers

Its growth supports ‘infection’ theories of creativity

The creative organization: Ideo IDEO created Apple's first mouse ; Microsoft's second mouse, and the Palm V PDA . Other major clients include Procter & Gamble , PepsiCo , and Eli Lilly

IDEO created Apple's first mouse ; Microsoft's second mouse, and the Palm V PDA . Other major clients include Procter & Gamble , PepsiCo , and Eli Lilly

The creative culture Culture has always developed around creative hotspots of artistic and scientific discovery Athens, London, Cambridge(s), Silicon Valley, ‘Madchester’ ..

Culture has always developed around creative hotspots of artistic and scientific discovery

Athens, London, Cambridge(s), Silicon Valley, ‘Madchester’ ..

The creative climate and Intrinsic motivation Teresa Amabile proposed a theory of intrinsic motivation. A creative climate allows intrinsic motivation to flourish. ‘ The play’s the thing’ (contrary to economic theories).

Teresa Amabile proposed a theory of intrinsic motivation.

A creative climate allows intrinsic motivation to flourish.

‘ The play’s the thing’ (contrary to economic theories).

The Creative Culture ‘ A key driving factor in the divergence or flow of human capital is … the openness of a given location. The more open a place is, the more it will be able to capture the talents of its own people and to attract those from elsewhere.’ (Richard Florida)

‘ A key driving factor in the divergence or flow of human capital is … the openness of a given location. The more open a place is, the more it will be able to capture the talents of its own people and to attract those from elsewhere.’ (Richard Florida)

Creative Clusters* *Source: Richard Florida

Creative Clusters

And finally When all else fails .. there must be other ways.. there might be better ways

When all else fails ..

there must be other ways..

there might be better ways

To go more deeply Journals Creativity Research Journal http://www.questia.com/library/jp-creativity-research- Creativity and Innovation Management http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0963-1690&site=1 Journal of Creative Behavior http://www.creativeeducationfoundation.org/jcb.shtml On Line reference sources http://leaderswedeserve.wordpress.com/ explores creativity and creative leadership http://www.buffalostate.edu/creativity/pucciogj.xml?username=pucciogj (‘The international center for studies in creativity’)

Journals

Creativity Research Journal

http://www.questia.com/library/jp-creativity-research-

Creativity and Innovation Management http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0963-1690&site=1

Journal of Creative Behavior http://www.creativeeducationfoundation.org/jcb.shtml

On Line reference sources http://leaderswedeserve.wordpress.com/ explores creativity and creative leadership

http://www.buffalostate.edu/creativity/pucciogj.xml?username=pucciogj (‘The international center for studies in creativity’)