The document provides a history of scoliosis treatment. It notes that Hippocrates first described scoliosis in 400 BC and the first metal brace was developed in 1575. Currently, physicians will monitor small curvatures but may prescribe bracing at 25 degrees to prevent progression, with spinal fusion recommended for more severe curvatures. However, bracing is not always effective and fusion does not always provide a cure, as many patients require additional surgeries. New rehabilitation approaches are being explored as alternatives to bracing and surgery.

1. A Brief History of Scoliosis Treatment Dr. Clayton J. Stitzel, 1-866-627-3009, drstitzel@clear-institute.org, http://www.treatingscoliosis.com/

2. SCOLIOSIS: National Scoliosis Foundation “ The effects: Reduced life expectancy. It can stunt height growth and decrease pulmonary function. It’s associated with headaches, shortness of breath, digestive problems, chronic disease, and hip, knee and leg pain.” Dr. Clayton J. Stitzel, 1-866-627-3009, drstitzel@clear-institute.org, http://www.treatingscoliosis.com/

3. History: Hippocrates described Scoliosis around 400 BC. Galen coined the term Scoliosis in 131 – 201 A.D. The 1 st metal brace was developed under Ambroise Pare in 1575. In 1876, it became possible to quantify the angle of deformation. The etiology of scoliosis remains unknown in 80% of cases. Dr. Clayton J. Stitzel, 1-866-627-3009, drstitzel@clear-institute.org, http://www.treatingscoliosis.com/

4. Dr. Clayton J. Stitzel, 1-866-627-3009, drstitzel@clear-institute.org, http://www.treatingscoliosis.com/

5. Dr. Clayton J. Stitzel, 1-866-627-3009, drstitzel@clear-institute.org, http://www.treatingscoliosis.com/

6. Dr. Clayton J. Stitzel, 1-866-627-3009, drstitzel@clear-institute.org, http://www.treatingscoliosis.com/

7. Dr. Clayton J. Stitzel, 1-866-627-3009, drstitzel@clear-institute.org, http://www.treatingscoliosis.com/

8. Dr. Clayton J. Stitzel, 1-866-627-3009, drstitzel@clear-institute.org, http://www.treatingscoliosis.com/

9. Dr. Clayton J. Stitzel, 1-866-627-3009, drstitzel@clear-institute.org, http://www.treatingscoliosis.com/

10. An enlargement of one of the panels shown in Fig. 13 demonstrating treatment of a spine injury. The typical treatment consisted of using gravity and extension of the spine to treat a curvature. Courtesy of the British Museum, Sloane Manuscript Collection. Manuscript No. 1977.

11. An early printed example of the treatment of spine injuries in a work by Avicenna. Illustrated here are some of the examples of spine stabilization. From Avicenna: Liber Canonis, De Medicinis Cordialibus, et Cantica. Basel: Per Joannes Heruagios, 1556.

12. Dr. Clayton J. Stitzel, 1-866-627-3009, drstitzel@clear-institute.org, http://www.treatingscoliosis.com/

13. Illustration showing the Hippocratic treatment of spine injuries—the rack system and the technique of using gravity to straighten the spine. Reprinted from Hippocrates: The Genuine Works of Hippocrates (translated by Adams F). London: Sydenham Society, 1844, Vol 2, pp 117–118. Dr. Clayton J. Stitzel, 1-866-627-3009, drstitzel@clear-institute.org, http://www.treatingscoliosis.com/

14. Illustration showing the use of a rack to straighten the spine. From an early manuscript (attributed to Serefeddin Sabuncuoglu, ca. early 18th century) on the subject of Avicenna and the treatment of spine injuries. In the author's personal collection.

18. Posterior Spinal Fusion and Instrumentation Scoliosis surgery Harrington Rods Dr. Clayton J. Stitzel, 1-866-627-3009, drstitzel@clear-institute.org, http://www.treatingscoliosis.com/

19. Dr. Clayton J. Stitzel, 1-866-627-3009, drstitzel@clear-institute.org, http://www.treatingscoliosis.com/

22. Pre Treatment Post Treatment Dr. Clayton J. Stitzel, 1-866-627-3009, drstitzel@clear-institute.org, http://www.treatingscoliosis.com/