Permeable Paving: A New Tool for Sustainable Site Development

TheGREENEconomy

LOW IMPACT SITE DEVELOPMENT

How Much Rain Falls in Chicago?January - 1.86" Image of Rain FallingFebruary - 1.58"March - 2.59"April - 3.28"May - 3.75"June - 4.08"July - 3.39"August - 3.38"September - 2.91"October - 2.65"November - 2.09"December - 1.88"Total 33.44"

Thirty Year Average Monthly Rain Fall Chicago (1971 - 2000) 5.00 3.75Inches 2.50 1.25 0 January February March April May June July August September October November December Month Graph of Chicago Rain Fall

How Much Water Falls in Chicago? 2,500 sq. ft. RoofJanuary - ,727 gallons 2 Image of Rain FallingFebruary - ,540 2March - ,130 4April - 5,735May - ,268 5June - 5,657July - ,470 5August - ,200 7September- ,096 5October - ,223 4November - 4,691December - 3,787Total 6,525 5

How Much Water Falls in Chicago? ¼ Acre Residential PropertyJanuary - 1,880 gallons 1 Image of Rain FallingFebruary - 1,065 1March - 7,990 1April - 24,982May - 2,945 2June - 24,642July - 3,828 2August - 1,363 3September - 2,199 2October - 8,397 1November - 20,434December - 16,496Total 46,221 2

How Much Water Falls in Chicago? 3 Acre Commercial PropertyJanuary - 42,560 gallons 1 Image of Rain FallingFebruary - 32,784 1March - 15,876 2April - 299,783May - 75,344 2June - 295,710July - 85,934 2August - 76,358 3September - 66,383 2October - 20,764 2November - 245,203December - 197,954Total 2,954,654

How Much Water Falls in Chicago? City Block (660’ x 660’ – 10 acres)January - 75,195 gallons 4February - 42,610 4March - 19,581 7April - 999,267May - 17,805 9June - 985,690July - 53,105 9August - ,254,515 1September - 87,936 8October - 35,873 7November - 817,335December - 659,842Total 9,848,756

How Much Water is in Rain Event? ¼” Rain ½” Rain 1” Rain2,500 ft. sq. 390 gallons 779 gallons 1,558 gallonsRoof¼ Acre 1,697 3,994 67,789ResidentialProperty3 Acre 20,366 40,731 135,770CommercialPropertyChicago City 67,885 135,770 271,540Block

Landscape EcologySize the landscape to the80% of the average rainwater production.– Roof Runoff– Hardscape RunoffBalancing rain water to landscape creates a functional landscape that utilizes the site’s water production.

Stormwater MitigationStormwater MitigationStormwater MitigationStormwater MitigationStormwater Mitigation

Stormwater Mitigation– Collection runoff near the source– Slow it down– Soak it in– Filter it– Apply it to the landscape– Create habitats

Peak Flow (1 Acre Site) Grass Field Roof1 Year Storm 1.4 cfs 4.3 cfs2 Year Storm 2.1 cfs 5.4 cfs10 Year Storm 4.3 cfs 8.0 cfs25 Year Storm 5.7 cfs 9.5 cfs100 Year Storm 8.0 cfs 12.0 cfs cfs – cubic feet per second

Peak Flow (1 Acre Site) Grass Field Roof1 Year Storm 10.5 gps 32.2 gps2 Year Storm 15.7 gps 40.4 gps10 Year Storm 32.2 gps 59.8 gps25 Year Storm 42.6 gps 71.1 gps100 Year Storm 59.8 gps 89.8 gps gps – gallons per second

Peak Flow (1 Acre Site) Grass Field Roof1 Year Storm 630 gpm 1,932 gpm2 Year Storm 942 gpm 2,424 gpm10 Year Storm 1,932 gpm 3,588 gpm25 Year Storm 2,556 gpm 4,266 gpm100 Year Storm 3,588 gpm 5,388 gpm gpm – gallons per minute

Peak Flow (2,500 sq. ft. Roof) Grass Field Roof1 Year Storm 0.08 cfs 0.25 cfs2 Year Storm 0.12 cfs 0.31 cfs10 Year Storm 0.25 cfs 0.46 cfs25 Year Storm 0.33 cfs 0.55 cfs100 Year Storm 0.46 cfs 0.69 cfs cfs – cubic feet per second

Peak Flow (2,500 sq. ft. Roof) Grass Field Roof1 Year Storm 0.60 gps 1.85 gps2 Year Storm 0.90 gps 2.32 gps10 Year Storm 1.85 gps 3.43 gps25 Year Storm 2.44 gps 4.08 gps100 Year Storm 3.43 gps 5.15 gps gps – gallons per second

Peak Flow (2,500 ft. sq. Roof) Grass Field Roof1 Year Storm 36 gpm 111 gpm2 Year Storm 54 gpm 139 gpm10 Year Storm 111 gpm 206 gpm25 Year Storm 147 gpm 245 gpm100 Year Storm 206 gpm 309 gpm gpm – gallons per minute

Change in Peak Runoff Flow Before and after Development 300% 225% 150% 75% 0% 1 Year Storm Year Storm Year Storm Year Storm Year Storm 2 10 25 100 Stormwater Effects of Urbanization

Detention and Volume Control Stormwater Mitigation Detention Underneath Elimination of Detention Ponds

How Much Water ? Rainfall Surface Area Water Volume 1/4” 43,560 ft2 6,800 gallons 1/2” 43,560 ft2 13,600 gallons 1” 43,560 ft2 27,200 gallons

Base Storage Capacity StorageBase Depth Surface Area Void Space Capacity 12” 43,560 ft2 40% 130,300 gallons 18” 43,560 ft2 40% 195,500 gallons 24” 43,560 ft2 40% 260,700 gallons

Infiltration Replenishes the Groundwater Supply Currently 50% of our Drinking Water In the Future 80% of our Drinking Water

Soil Infiltration Rates Soil Texture Infiltration (in/hour) Sand 8.30” Loamy Sand 2.41” Sandy Loam 1.02” Loam 0.52” Silt Loam 0.27” Sandy Clay Loam 0.17” Clay Loam 0.09” Silty Clay Loam 0.09” Clay 0.06”

Improved Water QualityRemoves SuspendedSolidsRemoves Phosphorus,Nitrogen, and MetalsRemoves HarmfulPollutants - OilWater Polishing - the finalstep in cleaning

Pollutant Removal Pollutant Median Pollutant Removal* Suspended Solids 95% Phosphorus 70% Nitrogen 51% Metals 99% *Infiltration Trenches & Porous Pavement

Roadside TractionLess Water

Roadside TractionLess Ice

Design ConsiderationsRainfall IntensityRainfall DurationRunoff Coefficient isZeroUnderdrain for SoilInfiltration Rates of lessthan 1/2” per HourRelease Rate

strength, no-units insteadver options,he Americansents, and allowsration. 2 4.8ead of sand, 1d additionalting bed0” (12,700 mm ) 3 7t be avoided as 4 9 5 6 8r ASTM No. 2, 6ness. Installationy on sites withm ) is required forust be designedature, the ASTM r runoff in the also has an

UNILOCK PERMEABLE INTERLOCKING Nine Components of a Highly SuccessfulComponents of Permeable1 CONCRETE PAVER With various aesthetically pleasing colors and textures, creative choices are not compromised by function. Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavers (PICPs) are the most durable of any porous pavement Permeable PavementPavement material. Unilock’s minimum 8,500 psi (57 MPa), high-strength, no- slump concrete allows water to infiltrate between paver units instead of through the material. The joint sizes vary between paver options, ranging from 0.25” (6 mm ) to 0.5” (13 mm ), which meet the Americans with Disabilities Act specifications for permeable pavements, and allows a minimum of 100” (2,540 mm ) per hour of surface infiltration. 21) Pavement3 SETTING BED AGGREGATE – ASTM NO. 82) Joint Aggregate Using the 0.25” (6 mm ) crushed, angular, chip stone, instead of sand, provides a smooth leveling course for placing pavers and additional 1 structural interlocking of the PICPs. Unlike sand, the setting bed aggregate allows for rapid water infiltration with over 500” (12,700 mm ) 3 73) Setting Bed per hour through the 40 percent void-space. Sand must be avoided as a setting bed in a PICP application. 4 Aggregate 5 94) SUBBASE AGGREGATE – ASTM NO. 25 Base Aggregate Subsoil conditions will dictate the necessity of this larger ASTM No. 2, 8 6 crushed, angular, open-graded subbase aggregate thickness. Installation of such material will provide increased structural stability on sites with5) Subbase poor soil conditions. A minimum thickness of 8” (203 mm ) is required for effective performance. Subbase aggregate thickness must be designed to sufficiently support anticipated loads. As an added feature, the ASTM Aggregate No. 2 subbase aggregate temporarily detains stormwater runoff in the 40 percent void-space of the material. The ASTM No. 2 also has an infiltration rate of over 500” (12,700 mm ) per hour. 7 EDGE RESTRAINT 8 UNDERDRAIN 9 GEOTEXTILE FABRIC

Pavement• Pavers• Concrete• Asphalt• Single-sized Aggregate• Resin Bound

Joint Aggregate• Pavers only• Initial Filter• 1/4” crushed, angular, chip stone• ASTM No. 8

Setting Bed Aggregate• Used in all systems• Smooth Leveling Course• No Sand• ASTM No. 8

Base Aggregate• Used when subsoil conditions allow• Minimum thickness 4”• ASTM No. 57

Subbase Aggregate• Not always necessary• Dictated by Subsoil Conditions• Used for additional structural stability• ASTM No. 2

Subgrade• Existing Soil• Percolation• California Bearing Ratio• Penetrometer

Edge Restraint• Vitally Important• Concrete Curb for Vehicular Traffic• Plastic may be Sufficient for Non- vehicular areas.

Underdrain Pipe• Subsoil Permeablity• Detention Requirements• Release Rates• Not Always Necessary

Geotextile Fabric• Based Upon Existing Soil Characteristics• Between Subsoil and Base Aggregate

UNILOCK PERMEABLE INTERLOCKING Nine Components of a Highly SuccessfulComponents of Permeable1 CONCRETE PAVER With various aesthetically pleasing colors and textures, creative choices are not compromised by function. Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavers (PICPs) are the most durable of any porous pavement Permeable PavementPavement material. Unilock’s minimum 8,500 psi (57 MPa), high-strength, no- slump concrete allows water to infiltrate between paver units instead of through the material. The joint sizes vary between paver options, ranging from 0.25” (6 mm ) to 0.5” (13 mm ), which meet the Americans with Disabilities Act specifications for permeable pavements, and allows a minimum of 100” (2,540 mm ) per hour of surface infiltration. 21) Pavement3 SETTING BED AGGREGATE – ASTM NO. 82) Joint Aggregate Using the 0.25” (6 mm ) crushed, angular, chip stone, instead of sand, provides a smooth leveling course for placing pavers and additional 1 structural interlocking of the PICPs. Unlike sand, the setting bed aggregate allows for rapid water infiltration with over 500” (12,700 mm ) 3 73) Setting Bed per hour through the 40 percent void-space. Sand must be avoided as a setting bed in a PICP application. 4 Aggregate 5 94) SUBBASE AGGREGATE – ASTM NO. 25 Base Aggregate Subsoil conditions will dictate the necessity of this larger ASTM No. 2, 8 6 crushed, angular, open-graded subbase aggregate thickness. Installation of such material will provide increased structural stability on sites with5) Subbase poor soil conditions. A minimum thickness of 8” (203 mm ) is required for effective performance. Subbase aggregate thickness must be designed to sufficiently support anticipated loads. As an added feature, the ASTM Aggregate No. 2 subbase aggregate temporarily detains stormwater runoff in the 40 percent void-space of the material. The ASTM No. 2 also has an infiltration rate of over 500” (12,700 mm ) per hour. 7 EDGE RESTRAINT 8 UNDERDRAIN 9 GEOTEXTILE FABRIC

strength, no-units insteadver options,he Americansents, and allowsration. 2 4.8ead of sand, 1d additionalting bed0” (12,700 mm ) 3 7t be avoided as 4 9 5 6 8r ASTM No. 2, 6ness. Installationy on sites withm ) is required forust be designedature, the ASTM r runoff in the also has an

Police StationAurora, Illinois

Buckingham FountainChicago, Illinois

POROUS PAVING • GREEN ROOFS • RAIN GARDENS • RAINWATER HARVESTINGNEW TOOLS FOR SUSTAINABLE SITE DEVELOPMENT

Green • Water • InfrastructureGreen • Water • InfrastructureGreen • Water • InfrastructureGreen • Water • InfrastructureGreen • Water • Infrastructure

Special Thanks

Thank YouP.O. BOX 124 WESTFIELD, INDIANA 46074 317-674-34949

Permeable Paving: A New Tool for Sustainable Site Development

by Tom Barrett on Feb 25, 2011

Accessibility

Categories

Tags

Upload Details

Usage Rights

1 Embed 168

Statistics

Permeable Paving: A New Tool for Sustainable Site Development — Presentation Transcript