Plagiarism in the Digital Age: Voices from the Front Lines

Plagiarism in the Digital Age: Voices from the Front Lines Moderator: Renee Bangerter, Asst. Professor of English, Fullerton College Donna Bell Academic Integrity Officer Ryerson University William Connolly President Student Council on Academic Integrity, Bentley University Dr. Teresa Fishman Executive Director Center for Academic Integrity, Clemson University Dr. Jon Radue, Professor Brock University Panel: What’s Happening on College Campuses Today?

-Teddi Fishman, Director Center for Academic Integrity, Rutland Institute for Ethics, Clemson University

Research, including Don McCabe’s Academic Integrity Survey, consistently shows us that : Students cheat more than most people (including teachers and administrators) expect. Students’ perceptions of what constitutes “serious” academic dishonesty differ from those of teachers and administrators

Research, including Don McCabe’s Academic Integrity Survey, consistently shows us that :

Students cheat more than most people (including teachers and administrators) expect.

Students’ perceptions of what constitutes “serious” academic dishonesty differ from those of teachers and administrators

We have plenty of data to show us what is happening.

We have plenty of data to show us what is happening.

Our ability to affect the “what” depends on our ability to address the “why.”

Our ability to affect the “what” depends on our ability to address the “why.”

Variations: This is what you have to do to get ahead in the real world All that matters is that I get it done Subtext: I’ll be at a disadvantage if I don’t cheat.

Variations:

This is what you have to do to get ahead in the real world

All that matters is that I get it done

Subtext:

I’ll be at a disadvantage if I don’t cheat.

Product/outcome based evaluation High-stakes assessments Uses (consequences) of assessments

Product/outcome based evaluation

High-stakes assessments

Uses (consequences) of assessments

Variations: I’m not hurting anyone It’s not like it really matters Subtext: This activity doesn’t have any value

Variations:

I’m not hurting anyone

It’s not like it really matters

Subtext:

This activity doesn’t have any value

Fragmented learning, Acontextual information, “Temporary” (disposable) knowledge Lack of transference

Fragmented learning,

Acontextual information,

“Temporary” (disposable) knowledge

Lack of transference

Process based assessments Varied evaluations “Room to fail” Visibly related (dependent) courses Cumulative learning

Process based assessments

Varied evaluations

“Room to fail”

Visibly related (dependent) courses

Cumulative learning

Culture of learning: Everybody isn’t doing it. What they are learning has value. Test scores and grades are a means to an end, not an end in an of themselves.

Culture of learning:

Everybody isn’t doing it.

What they are learning has value.

Test scores and grades are a means to an end, not an end in an of themselves.

-William Connolly, President Student Council on Academic Integrity, Bentley University

Plagiarism is not always intentional Professors Assume we will always try to cheat Administration Assumes that students know everything about Plagiarism There are grey areas of Plagiarism that must be considered

Plagiarism is not always intentional

Professors Assume we will always try to cheat

Administration Assumes that students know everything about Plagiarism

There are grey areas of Plagiarism that must be considered

Immense Pressure Parental Social Peer Personal Grades are heavily stressed Less emphasis on learning than on performance They can get away with it

Immense Pressure

Parental

Social

Peer

Personal

Grades are heavily stressed

Less emphasis on learning than on performance

They can get away with it

Integrity is a culture, not a mandate Emphasizing Rules and threatening students with punishment only intensifies the problem Schools need to promote the benefits of integrity on a broader level i.e. Why is it beneficial not to cheat? Building Values that will influence behavior Students who believe plagiarism is wrong will not do it!

Integrity is a culture, not a mandate

Emphasizing Rules and threatening students with punishment only intensifies the problem

Schools need to promote the benefits of integrity on a broader level

i.e. Why is it beneficial not to cheat?

Building Values that will influence behavior

Students who believe plagiarism is wrong will not do it!

Peer Motivation Theory Growth/Change from the Ground  Up Throughout childhood education, Administration pushes importance of avoiding plagiarism Students respond more positively to their peers! If cheating is not cool, students will not do it!

Peer Motivation Theory

Growth/Change from the Ground  Up

Throughout childhood education, Administration pushes importance of avoiding plagiarism

Students respond more positively to their peers!

If cheating is not cool, students will not do it!

High School Visits Campus Events Faculty Presentations “State of Integrity” Promotional material during finals Diverse Student Membership Our group is cool

High School Visits

Campus Events

Faculty Presentations

“State of Integrity”

Promotional material during finals

Diverse Student Membership

Our group is cool

Executive Board: Bryant Roche-Bernard, Pablo Pareja, Jimmy Palombo, Daniela Carlacci, Chris Liptrot Other Important Group Members: Gregg Grenier, Kristen Mausert, Jori Layton, Brittany Dixon, Sierra Fontaine, with help from many others. Advisor: Coralee Whitcomb (All Pictures from Google Images)

Executive Board:

Bryant Roche-Bernard, Pablo Pareja, Jimmy Palombo, Daniela Carlacci, Chris Liptrot

Other Important Group Members: Gregg Grenier, Kristen Mausert, Jori Layton, Brittany Dixon, Sierra Fontaine, with help from many others.

Advisor: Coralee Whitcomb

(All Pictures from Google Images)

-Donna Bell, Academic Integrity Officer, Ryerson University

Students have easy access to technology “that enables them to dance around academic integrity by cutting and pasting, photographing notes and text messaging test answers to each other, do we throw in the ethical towel or do we, as educators, consider this an opportunity to change our pedagogical approach”. -(International Conference on Technology, Knowledge and Society at http://t05.cgpublisher.com/proposals/198/index_html )

Students have easy access to technology “that enables them to dance around academic integrity by cutting and pasting, photographing notes and text messaging test answers to each other, do we throw in the ethical towel or do we, as educators, consider this an opportunity to change our pedagogical approach”.

-(International Conference on Technology, Knowledge and Society at http://t05.cgpublisher.com/proposals/198/index_html )

Look at how technology is being used to promote academic integrity and how students are using technology to further their learning. look at ways technology is being used to plagiarize and cheat. present tips on how technology may be used to engage students in learning.

Look at how technology is being used to promote academic integrity and how students are using technology to further their learning.

look at ways technology is being used to plagiarize and cheat.

present tips on how technology may be used to engage students in learning.

There are 3 main ways technology can be used in a positive way in the classroom:

There are 3 main ways technology can be used in a positive way in the classroom:

Implementing the Seven Principles: Technology as a Lever (The TLT Group, AAHE Bulletin). http://www.tltgroup.org/programs/seven.html Examples of Student Activities (Penn State World Campus) https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/public/faculty/studentactivities.html

Implementing the Seven Principles: Technology as a Lever (The TLT Group, AAHE Bulletin). http://www.tltgroup.org/programs/seven.html

Examples of Student Activities (Penn State World Campus) https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/public/faculty/studentactivities.html

Create your own “electronic reserves” system Directly link to articles from Blackboard via the Library’s databases Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching (MERLOT): http://www.merlot.org/ World Lecture Hall: http://web.austin.utexas.edu/wlh/

Create your own “electronic reserves” system

Directly link to articles from Blackboard via the Library’s databases

Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching (MERLOT): http://www.merlot.org/

World Lecture Hall: http://web.austin.utexas.edu/wlh/

06/09/09 Turnitin Webinar Series-- Plagiarism in the Digital Age: Voices from the Front Lines Webinar #1: What's Happening on College Campuses Today plagiarism.org Turnitin.com Google searches by entering in the phrase you suspect with quotes Using www.find-same.com Using on-line technology to help educate students through workshops/tutorials/modules

Turnitin.com

Google searches by entering in the phrase you suspect with quotes

Using www.find-same.com

Using on-line technology to help educate students through workshops/tutorials/modules

Ways in which technology may be used negatively in the classroom: On-line test cheating Sharing of electronic files between students Cell phones/text messaging Mp3 players Calculators Editing services that go beyond editing Online access to instructor manuals /testbanks

Ways in which technology may be used negatively in the classroom:

On-line test cheating

Sharing of electronic files between students

Cell phones/text messaging

Mp3 players

Calculators

Editing services that go beyond editing

Online access to instructor manuals /testbanks

‘ Ugly’ ways in which technology has been used in the classroom: Indiana University School of Dentistry students hacked into password-protected files to view test materials. Purchasing papers from online paper mills. Submission of false documents created using technology.

‘ Ugly’ ways in which technology has been used in the classroom:

Indiana University School of Dentistry students hacked into password-protected files to view test materials.

Purchasing papers from online paper mills.

Submission of false documents created using technology.

How Technology CAN HELP in Blackboard Have students post topic on discussion board. Keep an online research “log”. Use an online “journal” for reflective purposes.

How Technology CAN HELP in Blackboard

Have students post topic on discussion board.

Keep an online research “log”.

Use an online “journal” for reflective purposes.

Villano (2006) suggestions for responsible internet use sources for a plagiarized paper - first three pages of a search return. Use of Questia

Villano (2006) suggestions for responsible internet use

sources for a plagiarized paper - first three pages of a search return.

Use of Questia

McMurty (2001) tips to combat e-cheating Know what’s available online before assigning a paper. Design assignments with specific goals and instructions Require oral presentations or have students submit an explanation of thesis statement and research process Have students submit essays electronically

McMurty (2001) tips to combat e-cheating

Know what’s available online before assigning a paper.

Design assignments with specific goals and instructions

Require oral presentations or have students submit an explanation of thesis statement and research process

Have students submit essays electronically

“ Technology didn’t cause cheating, it only made it easier” (Harned & Sutliff, 2004, Academic Honesty: Teaching Kids Not To Take The Easy Way Out , www.njpta.org/committee/chared3.html )

-Jon Radue, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada

Deter Dialog Defend Detect Discipline Define

Deter

Dialog

Defend

Detect

Discipline

Define

Complete online tutorials Attend Student Development Centre/Library presentations on time management , Library research, essay writing, and many other relevant information literacy skills Know how to quote, paraphrase and summarize Know when, and how, to use and cite a quotation, a paraphrase, a summary Other web sites (e.g. Berkeley, OWL)

Complete online tutorials

Attend Student Development Centre/Library presentations on time management , Library research, essay writing, and many other relevant information literacy skills

Know how to quote, paraphrase and summarize

Know when, and how, to use and cite a quotation, a paraphrase, a summary

Other web sites (e.g. Berkeley, OWL)

Know the submission requirements Know the citation style required (APA, MLA, …) Know if group work is acceptable/how much collaboration is allowed You should be informed (in Syllabus) if submission to a phrase detection site (such as Turnitin) is required Ask for clarification

Know the submission requirements

Know the citation style required (APA, MLA, …)

Know if group work is acceptable/how much collaboration is allowed

You should be informed (in Syllabus) if submission to a phrase detection site (such as Turnitin) is required

Ask for clarification

Take care of your work/know your computer Backups to a dated secure site USB Key (handle with care!) Printouts Save drafts Consider locking/encrypting documents Clear a public/lab computer's cache, and logoff

Take care of your work/know your computer

Backups to a dated secure site

USB Key (handle with care!)

Printouts

Save drafts

Consider locking/encrypting documents

Clear a public/lab computer's cache, and logoff

Don't let others influence your work McCabe's Hypothesis Be careful of how you help others If requesting help, or working collaboratively, don't record ideas/solutions Ask others to proofread your work to detect possible citing and other problems

Don't let others influence your work

McCabe's Hypothesis

Be careful of how you help others

If requesting help, or working collaboratively, don't record ideas/solutions

Ask others to proofread your work to detect possible citing and other problems

You are already keeping copies of your own work (on your Institution's email server) Keep a copy of resources consulted easy with Zotero Similarly, keep copies of printed book/journal title pages, and relevant other pages Keep a journal/log of all your work Maybe via Zotero, with tags identifying work consulted, but not used

You are already keeping copies of your own work (on your Institution's email server)

Keep a copy of resources consulted

easy with Zotero

Similarly, keep copies of printed book/journal title pages, and relevant other pages

Keep a journal/log of all your work

Maybe via Zotero, with tags identifying work consulted, but not used

Contribute to group work As part of a group, ensure that you can prove the originality of your work if someone else in the group plagiarizes

Contribute to group work

As part of a group, ensure that you can prove the originality of your work if someone else in the group plagiarizes

Take care with note-taking/research Mark a paraphrase you developed with a P; a quote with Q; a summary you wrote with S; your own words with M; and common knowledge with C Use RefWorks or Zotero to keep the full reference (and more) for each piece of work

Take care with note-taking/research

Mark a paraphrase you developed with a P;

a quote with Q;

a summary you wrote with S;

your own words with M; and

common knowledge with C

Use RefWorks or Zotero to keep the full reference (and more) for each piece of work

Be aware of your environment Ask for permission to 'recycle' your own papers Ask Professor if you can hand in work in stages—Lit review, hypothesis, first draft, … Submit to a phrase matching site such as Turnitin (try Writecheck.turnitin.com) Get to know the TA or Professor

Be aware of your environment

Ask for permission to 'recycle' your own papers

Ask Professor if you can hand in work in stages—Lit review, hypothesis, first draft, …

Submit to a phrase matching site such as Turnitin (try Writecheck.turnitin.com)

Get to know the TA or Professor

There are several good programs and Web sites available to encourage you to start writing early OWL Writer's Block, Treepad, … Mind Mapping Time Management …

There are several good programs and Web sites available to encourage you to start writing early

OWL

Writer's Block, Treepad, …

Mind Mapping

Time Management

…

Give credit to your sources It strengthens your own work Lipson's Laws And remember, "over-citing is no oversight"

Give credit to your sources

It strengthens your own work

Lipson's Laws

And remember, "over-citing is no oversight"

Know the procedure Contact the Student Ombudsperson Don't panic—you are not guilty until proved otherwise Collect and organize all your relevant work A printout from Zotero is easy and comprehensive Ask to see any computer reports (Turnitin) Be honest and calm There is usually an appeals process

Know the procedure

Contact the Student Ombudsperson

Don't panic—you are not guilty until proved otherwise

Collect and organize all your relevant work

A printout from Zotero is easy and comprehensive

Ask to see any computer reports (Turnitin)

Be honest and calm

There is usually an appeals process

plagiarism.org Center for Academic Integrity http://www.academicintegrity.org/ 2009 Annual International Conference Oct. 16-18, Washington U., St. Louis, Missouri

plagiarism.org

Center for Academic Integrity

http://www.academicintegrity.org/

2009 Annual International Conference

Oct. 16-18, Washington U., St. Louis, Missouri

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