Club Dance - 1980-90's

- Discotheques (or nightclubs) have continued to expand and evolve since the 1960s. The impact of technology on the music industry has helped to create new genres and dance styles that have grown out of Disco music.- In the 1980s and 90s genres such as House, Techno, Trance, Garage and Drumʻ nʼ Bass emerged and gained popularity in nightclubs. All of these styles are a form of electronic dance music.

‘Club Dance’ is a generic term referring to several sub-genres of electronic music frequently played in night-clubs such as Hip-Hop, Dub, Trip-Hop, House, Trance, Techno, Drum & Bass, Jungle and Dub-step (amongst others)Originates in the clubs of New York, Detroit and Chicago with strong influence from European synth groups such as KraftwerkDance culture is often described as ‘hedonistic’, an escape from the monotony of everyday life and a chance to express yourself Like many musical styles before it, drugs (such as acid and Ecstasy) became a big influence on ‘ravers’ who sought euphoric extended experiences provided by all night ravesThe development of music technology has, and continues to have, a huge impact on this ever-evolving genre of music

- Developments in music technology during the 1970s that really led to the creation of electronic dance music.- Mixing and editing techniques had been employed by DJs and producers such as Tom Moulton.- Club-dance musicians simply built on this technology, combining electronic sounds with live instruments and vocals, by making use of samplers, synthesisers, sequencers and drum machines.

- A Sampler is an electronic musical instrument similar to a synthesizer but, instead of generating sounds, it uses recordings (or "samples") of sounds that are loaded or recorded into it and then played, a keyboard, sequencer or other triggering device is used to perform. - A Drum machine is an electronic musical instrument designed to imitate the sound of drums or other percussion instruments. the TR-808, along with its successor, the TR-909 (released 1983), it became a fixture of the underground dance, electro, house, techno, R&B and hip-hop genres, mainly because of its low cost and the unique character of its analogue-generated sounds.

Synthesizers (both analogue and digital) DrumMac hines Samplers Turntab les (‘decks’) MIDI Effects such as EQ, Reverb Sequencers lay, Chorus, D istortion etc.De (both hardware and software)

- The technique of remixing became very important to club dance. In a remix a DJ takes elements of a previously released song, extending them to form a new composition. DJs would often use these techniques to extend the length of a song to 10 or more minutes, keeping the dancers on the dance floor while still creating constant variety in the music. - - These extended mixes became so popular that they were released on records themselves - Gloria Gaynorʼs Never can say goodbye features a continuous 19-minute mix (by Tom Moulton) of three of her hit singles.Video – Commenting on the - Mash-Up is a song or composition created bymost important 6 sec. drum blending two or more pre-recorded songs, loop used throughout usually by overlaying the vocal track of one electronic music. song seamlessly over the instrumental track of another.

House was the first style of electronic music tobecome prominent in the night clubs. It developedin the late 1970s and early 1980s in thediscotheques of Chicago before spreading to NewYork, Detroit and Europe.- The name is thought to have come from theChicago club called The Warehouse, where the DJFrankie Knuckles introduced house records.Other significant night clubs where house musicwas played included The Loft in New York andThe Haçienda in Manchester.- Later developments led to the new genre of acidhouse, which often uses samples and spoken-word vocals in place of singing, and is known forits focus on ʻsquelchyʼ electronic sounds.Originating in Chicago and London, acid house wasmore minimal and repetitive than house music,aiming to create a hypnotic and trance-like feel.

• Layered, complex drum patterns (often snare/hand clap on 2nd/4th beats) • Busy hi-hat rhythm (open on off beats) • Limited bass line• Vocals, bass riffs, harmonies influenced by Disco, Soul, Gospel • Jazz/Blues samples (eg. Short trumpet melodies)

- Techno developed in Detroit during the second half of the1980s out of a number of genres including disco, electro andfunk.- Itʼs creation is credited to three school friends known asʻThe Belleville Threeʼ, who started experimenting withsynthesiser-based music. Juan Atkins in particular became aleading figure in Techno music, with influential singles suchas Techno City and No UFOs. In the late 1980s techno wasintroduced to Europe and became especially popular in theUK. - Kraftwerk had a huge influence on techno music and electronic genres. Started by two classically trained students, interested in experimental music and strongly influenced by the electronic compositions of Stockhausen. Advancements in technology they started to produce their own electronic sounds, using devices such as synthesisers and drum machines.

- Drum ’n’ bass developed during the - This style emphasisesearly 1990s from acid house. As complex and syncopatedtechnology became more sophisticated beats with strong bass lines.musicians could manipulate beats and - Anotherc variation ofloops more easily. drum and bass is Jungle. Outline of the Genre •Very fast tempos •Frenetic and complex drum patterns •An MC rapping over the music •A strong bass line- Prominent musicians include Goldie, •Syncopated beats Ronnie Size and Pendulum

UK garage developed out of the USA, as US garage was played at faster tempo to appeal to drum and bass audiences in the UK.- Garage musicians include The Artful Dodger and So SolidCrew.- UK garage is a descendant of house music which originatedin Chicago and New York.- Usually features a distinctive syncopated 4/4 percussiverhythm with shuffling hi-hats and beat-skipping kick drums.- Garage tracks also commonly feature chopped up andtime-shifted or pitch-shifted vocal samples complementingthe underlying rhythmic structure.

- Developing out of acid house,trance music features slower - Slower tempostempos and has a greater focus on - A more chilled-out feelmelodic lines. - Drifting sense to the music without a clearly defined structure. - DJ Tiësto, Paul Oakenfold and Sasha are all prominent musicians who have contributed to Trance development.

Stylistic origins: Dub, Grime, 2-step, drum and bass Cultural origins: Late 1990s,. London, England Typical instruments: Sequencer, turntables, samples, drum machine, synthesizer, keyboard, personal computer. Mainstream popularity: Mainly an underground scene, but with an increase in mainstream popularity in the late 2000’s and early 2010sThe Rhythm:- Dubstep rhythms are usually syncopated, andoften shuffled or incorporating tuplets. Thetempo is nearly always in the range of 138–142bpm, with a clap or snare usually inserted everythird beat in a bar.

Club Dance - 1980-90's

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