GEOL 404/504 Advanced GIS

GEOL 404/504 Advanced GIS Sudhanshu Sekhar Panda, PhD Lecturer/GeoSTAC Coordinator GIS Training and Research Center Idaho State University Spring 2006

Lecture 2: Geodatabase

Why Geodatabase?
What do you need to do with your GIS data?
some suitable habitat mapping of endangered species
Location of trade center
Watershed analysis and modeling
Etc..
There is a need to represent and store data in a way that supports
Meaningful and accurate analysis
Organizational workflows.
Geodatabase supports for all these

ArcGIS Data Structures ArcGIS Organizing Spatial data Vector Objects Shape files Coverages Raster Objects Grids Images GDB
Discrete representation
Use square cells
ArcGIS is an information system for geographic data

Workspaces
Arc/Info geo-datasets
ArcView shape files
Geodatabase
DB2 with its Spatial type
Informix with its Spatial type
SQL Server
Oracle
Oracle with Spatial or Locator
Personal geodatabases (Microsoft Access)
Coverages
Shapefiles
Grids
TINs
Images ( numerous formats )
Vector Product Format files
Computer-aided design files ( numerous formats )
Geography markup language ( numerous profiles )
Tables ( numerous formats )
Direct read of 100+ vector and raster formats
XML
Geodatabase File-Based Data Sets

What you will learn?
geographic data storing ability of geodatabase
Understand the differences between the two types of geodatabases
Components of the geodatabase
If raster dataset can be created in a personal geodatabase
How to access information about a geodatabase and its components

What Geodatabase Can Store?
Geodatabase is a relational database (recall your principles of GIS experience)
A container for storing
Spatial data
Attribute data
Relationship among the two
In a geodatabase, a vector data features and their associated attributes can be stored in a structure so that
They can work together as an integrated system using rules, relationships, and topological associations.
(ESRI, 2006)

Advantages of Geodatabase
It provide advantages for
Modeling
Analyzing
Managing
maintaining GIS data.
Using geodatabase GIS features can be created that support real world feature behavior
Data access from a centralized location possible
(ESRI, 2006)

What Geodatabase can Do?
Centralized GIS data management
Can accommodate large sets of features without tiles or spatial partitions
Two-, three-, four-dimensional vector features, curves, and multipart features can be stored
Coordinate geometry coverages can be converted to geodatabase without any complicacy
You can classify features within a feature class using subtypes
Can specify spatial relationships using geodatabase topology rules
Validation rules available with geodatabase can prevent errors
(ESRI, 2006)

What Geodatabase can Do? (cont..)
Automatic annotation update is possible when the representing feature is edited or deleted
Can add intelligence to features stored in a geodatabase
Can model flow of resources using geometric network based on topological relationship availed through geodatabase
Can model relative locations along linear features
More than one person can edit a geodatabase at a single point of time
Disconnected editing possible
XML data exchange is possible through geodatabase
(ESRI, 2006)

Types of GeoDatabases
Personal
*.mdb file extension
Multiuser/ Professional (ArcSDE)
(ESRI, 2006)

Personal Geodatabases
Personal geodatabases support single user editing but multiple users reading at the same time
No versioning support is provided
Typically, users will employ multiple personal geodatabases for their data collections and access these simultaneously for their GIS work
Only vector data can be stored but raster data can be only referenced
Can store only up to a maximum size of 2 GB data
Database management system is through Microsoft Access
(ESRI, 2006)

ArcSDE Geodatabases
ArcSDE is a server software product used to access massively large multiuser geographic databases stored in relational database management systems (RDBMSs).
It is an integrated part of ArcGIS and a core element of any enterprise GIS solution. Its primary role is to act as the GIS gateway to spatial data stored in a RDBMS.
(ESRI, 2006)

ArcSDE Geodatabases
Multiuser Geodatabases
Multiuser geodatabases require the use of ArcSDE and work with a variety of RDBMS storage models
Multiuser geodatabases are primarily used in work group, department, and enterprise settings
Extremely large, continuous GIS databases
Many simultaneous users
Long transactions and versioned work flows
Multiuser geodatabases readily scale to extremely large sizes and numbers of users. Through many large geodatabase implementations, ESRI has found that RDBMSs are efficient at moving the type of large binary objects required for GIS data in and out of tables.
Uses DB2, Oracle, Informix, SQL Server, etc.
No size limits
Can accommodate vector and raster data

GIS Database Requirements
Scale to large sizes (multiple terabytes).
Scale to large numbers of users (hundreds to thousands).
Provide advanced GIS data models and behavior.
Maintain spatial data integrity.
Support multiple users.
Deliver fast data retrieval.
Use simple data structures.
Support long transactions and GIS work flows.
Support multiple uses and applications.
Proven to work through real case studies.

Geodatabase Structure
Stand-alone feature classes
Feature dataset
Feature classes inside
should share the same spatial reference
Non-spatial tables
DEMO

What is inside a Geodatabase? Stored outside personal geodatabase but can be referenced Through geometry network We can manage flow of Resources: electricity, water, etc..

Defining Geodatabase Structure
Import existing data
Create the structure manually
Use CASE (computer-aided software engineering) tool
Refer ArcGIS Desktop Help ( Contents tab -> Building a geodatabase -> Building geodatabases with CASE tools
(ESRI, 2006)

Importing Data to Geodatabase
Feature dataset
Feature class
XY tables
Relationship class
Raster datasets
Raster catalog
Survey datasets
ArcToolbox
Generate files (CAD Feature Class)
(ESRI, 2006) Refer ArcGIS Desktop Help loading, Object Loader loading, data, described

Importing Shape Files
You can import a shape file into a Geodatabase using the wizard in Arc Catalog.
You can use the default values or use custom values.
You can change the coordinate system if you so desire.

Importing Coverages
This is done by right clicking the geodatabase and selecting import and choosing feature class (multiple)
You have the option of using custom values including:
Grid values
Coordinate system
Spatial index values
You can modify the
field names

Importing Interchange Files
Interchange (*.e00) formats should be changed in Arc Toolbox first
You should use the Conversion tools to guide you through converting the interchange format to another format of your desire.

Importing An Arc View GIS Project
Ensure that all data paths are correct.
After verifying that the ArcView GIS project contains no table joins and that all themes will load cleanly, save and close the project and quit out of ArcView GIS.
Start ArcMap in the Data View mode. Choose File > Import from ArcView project. Browse to locate and select the *.apr file.
Note:
Views become Data frames.
Themes become Layers.
Only one layout is allowed.
Graphics and text are imported.

Importing Tables
Table Must be in Info or dBase format.
Use Arc Catalog.
Right click on Info or dBase file.
Select export- table to Geodatabase.
Follow the wizard.
You will be prompted to change illegal and duplicate field names.

Importing Raster Grids
You must use Arc Info or Arc Editor
Raster must be imported into a Geodatabase first.
You can select one of three storage parameters
Pyramids
Tile Size
Data Compression

Importing CAD Feature Class
Supported Feature classes include
AutoCAD's DWG
Micro Station's DGN
Drawing Interchange File (DXF) formats
Use Arc Catalog.
Select the CAD file.
Right click on it.
Click Export – CAD to GeoDatabase
You can make a new feature data set, or feature class.
You can also select the coordinate system, and Grid size.

Data Importing with Converting
Arc Catalog and Arc Toolbox are the primary tools.
Imported files need to have
Spatial reference
Spatial index grid size
Data mapping
Metadata importing
Supported formats include:
Text
XML
Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)

Geodatabase Load to ArcSDE
Example of Loading geodatabase to ArcSDE server for public access
spanda: Subject to they were provided with access

Key Concepts
This topic provides you with knowledge in GIScience.
You will learn/experience some GIS-housekeeping.
You will learn/experience new techniques and tools.
You will learn new techniques to create GIS data.

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GEOL 404/504 Advanced GIS

by Tess98 on Jul 19, 2010

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GEOL 404/504 Advanced GIS — Presentation Transcript