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Societatea de Stiinte 
Matematice din Rom^ania Ministerul Educatiei Nationale 
Olimpiada Nationala de Matematica 
Etapa Judeteana si a Municipiului Bucuresti, 8 Martie 2014 
CLASA a VII-a 
SOLUT II SI BAREME ORIENTATIVE 
Problema 1. a) Aratati ca pentru orice numere reale a si b are loc 
relatia:  
a2 + 1 
  
b2 + 1 
 
+ 50  2 (2a + 1) (3b + 1) : 
b) Determinati numerele naturale n si p care veri
ca relatia: 
 
n2 + 1 
  
p2 + 1 
 
+ 45 = 2 (2n + 1) (3p + 1) : 
Solutie. a) Relatia din enunt este echivalenta cu 
(ab  6)2 + (a  2)2 + (b  3)2  0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3p 
b) (np  6)2 + (n  2)2 + (p  3)2 = 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1p 
(np  6)2; (n  2)2; (p  3)2 2 f0; 1; 4g distincte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1p 
Discutarea cazurilor si gasirea solutiilor:(n; p) 2 f(2; 4); (2; 2)g . . . . . . 2p 
Problema 2. Fie numerele reale a; b; c astfel ^nc^at: 
ja  bj  jcj; jb  cj  jaj; jc  aj  jbj: 
Aratati ca unul dintre numerele a, b, c este suma celorlalte doua. 
Solutie. Ridic^and la patrat inegalitatile din enunt rezulta (a  b)2  c2 
si analoagele . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2p 
De aici rezult a (a  b + c)(b + c  a)  0 si analoagele . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2p 
Atunci: (a + b  c)2(b + c  a)2(c + a  b)2  0, de unde rezulta ca unul 
dintre numerele a, b, c este suma celorlalte doua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3p 
Solutie alternativa. Fara a restr^ange generalitatea, putem presupune 
a  b  c: Atunci a  b  jcj si b  c  jaj () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1p 
Adun^and relatiile, rezulta a  c  jaj + jcj  a  c; deoarece jaj  a si 
jcj  c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2p 
Ca urmare, ^n dubla inegalitate de mai sus are loc egalitatea, ceea ce se 
^nt^ampla daca a = jaj si jcj = c; adica a  0 si c  0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2p 
Relatiile () devin a  b  c si b  c  a; de unde b = a + c . . . . . . 2p 
Problema 3. Se considera triunghiul ABC ^n care m(A^) = 135. Per- 
pendiculara ^n A pe dreapta AB intersecteaza latura [BC] ^n punctul D, iar 
bisectoarea unghiului B intersecteaza latura [AC] ^n punctul E. Determinati 
m(BED). 
Gazeta Matematica

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Subiecte si barem olimpiada de matematica etapa judeteana 08.03.2014 cls 07

  • 1. Societatea de Stiinte Matematice din Rom^ania Ministerul Educatiei Nationale Olimpiada Nationala de Matematica Etapa Judeteana si a Municipiului Bucuresti, 8 Martie 2014 CLASA a VII-a SOLUT II SI BAREME ORIENTATIVE Problema 1. a) Aratati ca pentru orice numere reale a si b are loc relatia: a2 + 1 b2 + 1 + 50 2 (2a + 1) (3b + 1) : b) Determinati numerele naturale n si p care veri
  • 2. ca relatia: n2 + 1 p2 + 1 + 45 = 2 (2n + 1) (3p + 1) : Solutie. a) Relatia din enunt este echivalenta cu (ab 6)2 + (a 2)2 + (b 3)2 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3p b) (np 6)2 + (n 2)2 + (p 3)2 = 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1p (np 6)2; (n 2)2; (p 3)2 2 f0; 1; 4g distincte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1p Discutarea cazurilor si gasirea solutiilor:(n; p) 2 f(2; 4); (2; 2)g . . . . . . 2p Problema 2. Fie numerele reale a; b; c astfel ^nc^at: ja bj jcj; jb cj jaj; jc aj jbj: Aratati ca unul dintre numerele a, b, c este suma celorlalte doua. Solutie. Ridic^and la patrat inegalitatile din enunt rezulta (a b)2 c2 si analoagele . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2p De aici rezult a (a b + c)(b + c a) 0 si analoagele . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2p Atunci: (a + b c)2(b + c a)2(c + a b)2 0, de unde rezulta ca unul dintre numerele a, b, c este suma celorlalte doua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3p Solutie alternativa. Fara a restr^ange generalitatea, putem presupune a b c: Atunci a b jcj si b c jaj () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1p Adun^and relatiile, rezulta a c jaj + jcj a c; deoarece jaj a si jcj c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2p Ca urmare, ^n dubla inegalitate de mai sus are loc egalitatea, ceea ce se ^nt^ampla daca a = jaj si jcj = c; adica a 0 si c 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2p Relatiile () devin a b c si b c a; de unde b = a + c . . . . . . 2p Problema 3. Se considera triunghiul ABC ^n care m(A^) = 135. Per- pendiculara ^n A pe dreapta AB intersecteaza latura [BC] ^n punctul D, iar bisectoarea unghiului B intersecteaza latura [AC] ^n punctul E. Determinati m(BED). Gazeta Matematica
  • 3. Solutie. Daca I 2 (BE) astfel ^nc^at IA este bisectoarea unghiuluiDAB, de unde ID bisectoarea unghiuluiADB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1p Din m(ADB) + m(ABD) = 90 si m([IDB) + m([IBD) = 45 deducem ca m([DIB) = 135 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1p 4ABE 4IBD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1p Implicatia AB IB = BE BD ) AB EB = BI BD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1p 4ABI 4DBE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1p m(BED) = m([BAI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1p m(BED) = 45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1p Problema 4. Se considera patratul ABCD si punctele K 2 (AB), L 2 (BC) si M 2 (CD) astfel ^nc^at triunghiul KLM este dreptunghic isoscel, cu unghiul drept ^n L. Demonstrati ca dreptele AL si DK sunt perpendiculare. Solutie. 4KLB 4LMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2p KB = LC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1p Din AB = BC deducem AK = BL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1p 4AKD 4BLA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2p Din AK ? BL si AD ? BA, rezulta AL ? KD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1p Timp de lucru 4 ore. Fiecare problema este notata cu 7 puncte. 2