1. Respiratory System
Respiration is the process of exchanging gases between the
atmosphere and body cells. Consists of the following events:
• ventilation
• external respiration
• transport
• internal respiration
• cellular respiration

2. Organs of the
Respiratory System

3. Upper Respiratory Tract

4. Mucous in Respiratory Tract
Cilia move mucus and trapped particles from the nasal cavity to
the pharynx

5. Sinuses
Air-filled spaces in maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid
bones

6. Vocal Cords

7. Trachea
Cross section of trachea Wall of trachea

8. Tracheostomy
Performed to allow air to bypass an obstruction within
the larynx

9. Bronchial Tree

10. Alveoli

11. Diffusion Across Respiratory
Membrane

12. Location of Lungs

13. Transverse Section of Lungs
19-15

14. Lungs at Rest
When lungs are at rest, the pressure on the inside of the lungs
is equal to the pressure on the outside of the thorax

15. Air Movements
• Moving the plunger
of a syringe causes air
to move in or out
• Air movements in
and out of the lungs
occur in much the
same way

16. Inspiration
• Intra-alveolar pressure
decreases to about
758mm Hg as the
thoracic cavity enlarges
• Atmospheric pressure
forces air into the
airways

17. Maximal Inspiration
Thorax at end of maximal inspiration
Thorax at end of normal • aided by contraction of sternocleidomastoid
inspiration and pectoralis minor muscles

18. Expiration
• due to elastic recoil of the lung tissues and abdominal organs

19. Maximal Expiration
• contraction of
abdominal wall
muscles
• contraction of
posterior internal
intercostal muscles

20. Pneumothorax

21. Respiratory Volumes
• tidal volume – volume moved in or out during a normal
breath
• inspiratory reserve volume – volume that can be inhaled
during forced breathing in addition to tidal volume
• expiratory reserve volume – volume that can be exhaled
during forced breathing in addition to tidal volume
• residual volume – volume that remains in lungs at all times

22. Respiratory Volumes and
Capacities
This chart will be given to you on the test!!!

23. Respiratory Capacities
• inspiratory capacity = TV + IRV
• functional residual capacity = ERV + RV
• vital capacity = TV + IRV + ERV
• total lung capacity = VC + RV
•You do not have to memorize these because you
can use the previous chart on the test

24. Clinical Terms on pgs. 764-765
•Bronchitis
•Hyperventilation
•Pleurisy
•Pneumothorax
•Rhinitis
•Sinusitis
•Tracheotomy

25. Clinical Application
The Effects of Cigarette Smoking on the Respiratory
System
• cilia disappear
• excess mucus produced
• lung congestion increases lung
infections
• lining of bronchioles thicken
• bronchioles lose elasticity
• emphysema fifteen times more
common
• lung cancer more common
• much damage repaired when smoking
stops