Prof. Seppo Koskinen, 4.3.2016, Seminars 2015-2016 for asylum seeker and refugee health care professionals

1. Health in Finland
Seminar on Primary Health Care in Finland
3 March 2016, Helsinki, THL
Seppo Koskinen, MD, PhD, Professor, Head of Unit
Health Monitoring Unit
+ working group: Anu Castaneda, Päivikki Koponen, Shadia Rask, Natalia Skogberg et al.

2. CONTENTS
• Population
• Health: mortality, diseases, functioning
– in the whole Finnish population
– among immigrants
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3. The population is ageing
Age structure in 2011 and 2050
Source: Statistics Finland
2011 2050
18 % 27 %
5 % 11 %
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4. Increasing immigration to Finland
• Migration to Finland has steadily accelerated since the
1990s
• Migrants 0.5% of total population in 1990  5.5% by
2013
• Projections made in 2013: migrants will constitute 10%
of the total population by 2020
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5. MORTALITY
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6. 6
Mortality is declining
Survival among 100 000 newborns by age and sex according to life tables for
2011, 1971-75 and 1901-10
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000
0 50 100
Alive
AGE
WOMEN
1901-10
1971-75
2011
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000
0 50 100
Alive
AGE
MEN
1901-10
1971-75
2011
4.3.2016
Sources: Kannisto and Nieminen 1996, Statistics Finland
Health in Finland

7. 7
Life expectancy at the ages 0, 65 and 80 years in Finland in 1881-2011
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1870 1920 1970 2020
years
Year
MEN
0-vuotiaat
65-vuotiaat
80-vuotiaat
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1870 1920 1970 2020
years
Year
WOMEN
0-vuotiaat
65-vuotiaat
80-vuotiaat
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8. SELF-RATED HEALTH
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9. Self-rated health good or rather good (%) in
2000 and 2011
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10. FUNCTIONING
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11. Completely fit for work according to self-
assessment (%), Finland 2000 and 2011
Source: Gould R, Koskinen S, Sainio P et al. Work ability. In: Koskinen S, Lundqvist A, Ristiluoma N, ed. Health,
functional capacity and welfare in Finland in 2011. THL, Report 68/2012, Helsinki 2012, p. 141–144 (in Finnish).
www.Health2011.info
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12. HEALTHY LIFE EXPECTANCY
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13. 13
Life expectancy at age 65 divided into healthy
and unhealthy years in 2000 and 2011
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Self-rated health
average or better
Health in Finland

14. DESPITE THE POSITIVE TIME TRENDS,
MANY HEALTH PROBLEMS CONTINUE
TO BE VERY COMMON
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15. 4.3.2016
Prevalence (%) of selected health problems by age group
0 10 20 30 40 50
Diabetes
Mental disorder
Dementia
Ischaemic heart disease
Hypertension
Allergy
Asthma
Chronic bronchitis
Low back disorder
Osteoarthrosis of knee
No own teeth (edentulousness)
Injury due to accident or violence
Daily need of help due to disability
Age group 0-17 years Age group 18-64 years Age group 65+
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16. 4.3.2016
The most expensive disease groups
16
DIRECT COSTS (TREATMENT ETC.)
Circulatory diseases 17 %
Mental disorders 13 %
Respiratory disorders 11 %
Musculoskeletal disorders 11 %
COSTS DUE TO WORK DISABILITY
Mental disorders 26 %
Musculoskeletal disorders 21 %
Injuries 16 %
Circulatory diseases 12 %
Health in Finland

17. 4.3.2016
The main disease groups causing deaths at
ages 15–64 years and reduction in quality of
life
17
DEATHS IN AGE GROUP 15–64 YEARS
Cancers 29 %
Circulatory diseases 23 %
Alcohol-related causes 15 %
REDUCTION IN QUALITY OF LIFE
Musculoskeletal disorders 33 %
Mental disorders 30 %
Sources: Statistics Finland and Saarni et al. 2006
Health in Finland

18. HEALTH IN THE POPULATION OF
FOREIGN ORIGIN
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19. Self-rated health good or rather good (%)
age group 20–64 years
194.3.2016
Finnish general population
Middle East an North Africa
Estonia
Russia and Soviet Union
Southern and central Africa
Asia
EU, EFTA, North Anerica
Latin America, East Europe at al.
Foreign origin population, total
Health in Finland

20. Prevalence of severe depression and anxiety symptoms,
past 7 days
204.3.2016
Source: Castaneda et a. 2012
Health in Finland

21. CONCLUSIONS
• Health and functioning in the Finnish population have improved
– Due to improvements in health behaviour, treatment of health problems, living
and working conditions and level of education
• Many health problems remain very common, e.g. mental disorders,
musculoskeletal disorders and circulatory diseases
• Challenges include increasing obesity, alcohol and drug related harm, economic
recession, wide socioeconomic inequalities and ageing of the population
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22. 22
DATA SOURCES
1) Vital statistics, causes of death, census data (Statistics Finland)
2) Disease registers – e.g. infectious diseases and cancer (THL)
3) Services and benefits related with health
- drug purchases, entitlements to specially reimbursed medication,
sickness benefits etc. (Social Insurance Institution SII)
- hospital care (THL)
- work disability pensions etc. (Finnish Centre for Pensions ETK)
4) Other registers (e.g. unemployment etc., Ministry of Employment and Economy)
5) Interview surveys and questionnaire surveys www.thl.fi/ath,
http://tilastokeskus.fi/keruu/uth/index_en.html ...
6) Health examination surveys www.health2011.info, www.thl.fi/maamu ...
Health in Finland
4.3.2016

23. Thank you!
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