A presentation on e commerece

2. COMPUTER : It is an electronic device which stores, reads and process
data and meaningful result.
Topics for discussion
 Generation 1(1940-1956 ); Vacuum tubes
 Generation 2 (1956-1963); Transistor
 Generation 3 (1965-1971); Integrated circuit
 Generation 4 (1971 onwards); Microprocessor
 Generation 5 (1990 –present); Artificial intelligence

3. First Generation (1940’s):
 The vacuum tubes were used in the circuits of these
computers.
 The input and output operations were done using
punched card technology.
 For external storage, magnetic tapes were used.
 The machine was capable to do one job at a time.
 Use a great deal of electricity.
 Generated a lot of heat.
 Occupied a large amount of space.
 The language used by these computers was machine
language and assembly language.
 Example of Computers: UNIVAC,ENIAC

4. ENIVAC

5. Second Generation (1956’s):
 Transistors were used in the circuits.
 The input operations were performed using punched cards
and magnetic tapes and for output operations, punched cards
and papers were used.
 For external storage magnetic tapes were used.
 Energy efficient and more reliable than first generation.
 The orientation was towards multiple users i.e. the machine
was capable to process multiple tasks concurrently.
 The high level languages like FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC etc.
were used as the languages by the computer.
 Example of Computers: IBM 1400 and 7000 series, General
Electric 635 etc.

6. Transistors

7. Third Generation (1965’s):
 Integrated circuits replaced transistors. In spite of their
smaller size they were capable to perform better than
transistors.
 For data input and output operations monitors and
keyboards replaced the punched cards.
 For external storage magnetic disks were used.
 Sophisticated operating systems, which were capable of
handling several jobs concurrently were used.
 More advanced high level languages like PASCAL were
used.
 Example of computers: IBM System

9. Fourth Generation (1971’s):
 The circuits used VLSI and microprocessors of virtually
microscopic size, which led to drastic cut on the size of
computer.
 The input output devices were the same monitors,
keyboard, printer etc.
 Micro computers have evolved.
 Magnetic disks were the primary devices used for external
storage.
 The use of special software for maintaining large data
bases became popular.
 The application software for micro computer essentially
became popular in this generation.
 Example of computers: IBM Systems

11. Fifth Generation (late 1990’s):
 The computers of this generation use optic fiber
technology to handle Artificial Intelligence.
 These computers have capacity to think and reason
which can be used to solve problems where human
intelligence is required.
 Expert Systems are examples of systems implementing
Artificial Intelligence (AI).
Example voice recognition .

13. CONCLUSION:
 Computer from 1st- 5th is that it makes it easier to find
information and faster to find it and also that they are
more efficient, then they used to be .

14. References
 www.google.com
 www.computerhistory.org/
 Computer Fundamentals (I.T)