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India, A ‘Diversiland’




           Bal Ram Singh
       Center for Indic Studies
University of Massachusetts Dartmouth
Beginning with the New
             World




In August 1492Columbus left Europe on a westward
journey in search of the east. In October 1492, he reached
what is now known as San Salvador, but believed he
was in India till his death on May 20, 1506.
The NEW WORLD was ‘discovered’ only after his death
Indian Connection in
    American Independence




• Boston Tea Party, December 16, 1773 -
  the tea dumped was Indian tea, brought
  to Boston harbor by the British East
  India Company.
• The name of the first ship carrying the
  tea was ‘Dartmouth’
US President George W Bush examines some baskets and hats made from
simple waste material such as palm and banana leaves during a visit to Acharya
NG Ranga Agricultural University in Hyderabad on Friday, March 3, 2006.
Center for Indic Studies, UMass
           Dartmouth

   Continuation of the Traditional Link Between
     India and America
   Massachusetts
   Swami Vivekananda – 1893
   Paramhansa Yogananda - 1920
   Swami Prabhupad – 1965
   Deshpande – Sycamore – 1970s
   Singh –Center for Indic Studies – UMD - 1990
Dating back at least 5000 years,
civilization in India has been a rich
and complicated mix of peoples and
religions. Harappa and Mohenjodaro
were ancient Indian cities which
existed between 3000 to 1500 BC.
The Gupta dynasty ruled over a
golden age for north India for about
two hundred years (320-544 A.D.). In
the 600s, the Indus River Valley was
invaded by Arabs, who brought with
them Islam, which took hold in
northern India. The Sultanate of Delhi
was established in 1206. In 1526,
Babur established the Moghul empire,
whose culture thrived under Akbar the
Great. British rule in India began in
the AD 1700s. Foreign domination
engendered Indian nationalism, which
eventually led to India winning its
independence in 1947.
India Culture
• 6000km. Journey of
  Bha_rata in 40-50 m.
  years
• Each of these are areas
  of geologically recent
  (less than 100 million
  years) mountain building
  associated with Plate
  Tectonics. In addition
  to providing cool, moist
  homes for glaciers,
  mountains also have
  affected the climate of
  the Earth. Mountains
  cause disturbances in
  airflow, altering global
  circulation patterns.
Scientific American   July 2003
India Culture
Scientists now want to explore the
possibility that the city was
submerged following the last Ice
Age. If this proves correct, it
would date the settlement at more
than 5,000 years old.

                                     April 11, 2002
Fourth Century AD




The pillar is a solid shaft of iron sixteen inches in diameter and 23 feet high. What is
most astounding about it is that it has never rusted even though it has been exposed
to wind and rain for centuries! The pillar defies explanation, not only for not having
rusted, but because it is apparently made of pure iron, which can only be produced
today in tiny quantities by electrolysis! The technique used to cast such a gigantic,
solid pillar is also a mystery, as it would be difficult to construct another of this size
even today. The pillar stands as mute testimony to the highly advanced scientific
knowledge that was known in antiquity, and not duplicated until recent times. Yet
still, there is no satisfactory explanation as to why the pillar has never rusted!

(source: Technology of the Gods: The Incredible Sciences of the Ancients - By David
Hatcher Childress p. 80).
Professor Ahmad Hasan Dani

Guide to Historic Taxila – Chapter III

(7th Century B.C. to 8th Century A.D.)

Taxila University – the oldest university in the world, before the time of Buddha

Philosophers gathered here to have their own schools of thoughts and imparted instructions

Instructions in military science, medicine, political science, philosophy, religion, language,
literature, and grammar

Among famous products – Jotipala, Commander-in-Chief of the Banaras King Jivaa
                               - A physician of the Magadhan King, Bimbisara
                               - Physician of Buddha
                               - King Prasanjita of Kosala, modern Ayodhya
                               - Prince Chandragupta, founder of the Mauryan empire
                               - Panini, the great grammarian of 6th Century B.C.
                               - Kautilya, author of Arthsastra, a book of political science
                               - Charaka, a great physician of all time
                               - Paatanjali, author of Yoga sutras
INDIA – Diversity of Contributions
• Language – Samskrit, the mother of Indo-European
  languages
• Education – Taxila, the oldest university, 700 BC.
• Mathematics – Numbers (0, 1, ..9), decimal, exponents,
  trigonometry, etc.
• Astronomy – Planetary calculations
• Health sciences – Ayurveda, the holistic healthcare
  science
• Philosophy – Six schools of thoughts, including Yoga
• Chemistry and Metallurgy – London bridge steel from
  India
• Art and Music – 80,000 named raagas (tunes), several
  elaborate systems of classical dances
INDIA and its Contributions
• We owe a lot to the Indians, who taught us how to count, without
  which no worthwhile scientific discovery could have been made!quot; --
  Albert Einstein
• quot;If there is one place on the face of earth where all the dreams of
  living men have found a home from the very earliest days when man
  began the dream of existence, it is India!quot; --French scholar Romaine
  Rolland
• quot;India is the cradle of the human race, the birthplace of human
  speech, the mother of history, the grandmother of legend, and the
  great grand mother of tradition. Our most valuable and most
  astrictive materials in the history of man are treasured up in India
  only!quot; --Mark Twain
• quot;So far as I am able to judge, nothing has been left undone, either
  by man or nature, to make India the most extraordinary country that
  the sun visits on his rounds. Nothing seems to have been forgotten,
  nothing overlooked.quot; --Mark Twain
The Magazine - India Abroad
   11/23/01 Arthur J Pais




                              Contd..
Will Durant, (1885-1981)
        American historian
quot;India was the motherland of our race, and
  Sanskrit the mother of Europe's languages:
  she was the mother of our philosophy; mother,
  through the Arabs, of much of our
  mathematics; mother, through the Buddha, of
  the ideals embodied in Christianity; mother,
  through the village community, of self-
  government and democracy. Mother India is in
  many ways the mother of us all.quot;
Yoga retreats bring out the best in body, soul
By Susan Spano, Los Angeles Times 8/12/01




                     The Inner Harmony Yoga Retreat offers sweeping
                     panoramas of the Great Basin to the west and Utah’s
                     Brian Head ski resort to the east.
Seven – Chakras in the body
                  (Energy centers)

(1), Muladhara
(2)Swadishtana

(3) Manipuraga

(4), Anahata

(5). Vishuddi

      Ajnai and
(6)

(7) Lotus
       Sahasrara
or Crown Chakra.
India Culture
Sunday, Apr. 15, 2001
India Culture
India Culture
Ancient Practice of Yoga
• Buddha - 563 BCE
• Four noble truths – life
  involves suffering, desire is the
  cause, elimination of desire
  ends suffering, living by 8-fold
  path ends desire.
• 8-fold path – balance and
  moderate, reject devotion to
  luxury, reject extreme
  ascetism.
• right belief, right resolve, right
  speech, right behavior, right
  occupation, right effort,
  contemplation, meditation.
• Karma and Dharma.
Origin of Yoga
• In the valley of the River Indus,
  a team of archaeologists under
  Sir Mortimer Wheeler
  discovered the remains of a
  civilization, which is now
  acknowledged to be
  approximately five thousand
  years old. Amongst the valued
  artifacts discovered were a
  number of seals depicting
  horn-capped figures sitting in
  positions which are advanced
  Yogic postures. The most
  famous of these seals is that of
  an ithyphallic deity now
  recognized as Shiva.
Origin of Yoga

Bhagavad Gita: (scripture of Hindus)

Yoga techniques – from Supreme Power to
Sun, from Sun to Manu, and from Manu to
rest of humanity.
India Culture
India Culture
INDIA at a Glance
• Population – 1.1 billion
   – Male, 549.4 million;
     Female, 515.5 million
   – Rural, 72%; Urban, 28%
• Area – 3.3 million sq. Km
• 29 states + 7 union
  territories
• GDP- $2.9 trillion
  (purchasing power parity)
INDIA at a Glance – social and
          political diversity
• Largest democracy in the world
• Parliamentary form of democratic
  government
• Current Prime Minister – Man
  Mohan Singh (a sikh)
• Immediate President – Abdul
  Kalaam (a Muslim)
• Current President – Mrs. Pratibha
  Patil
• Over 50 political parties, including
  communist parties
• 4 states headed by women
  politicians
• 4 major political parties, including
  the ruling party, headed by
  women
INDIA at a Glance – human
                 diversity
• 9 religions
    – Hindu, 81%; Muslim, 12%;
      Christian, 2%; Sikhs, 2%;
      Buddhist, 1%; Jain, 1%;
      Others (Parsi, B’hai, Jewish),
      1%
• Over 68,000 jaatis (castes)
• 18 official languages, over
  1,600 dialects
• National language – Hindi,
  second largest spoken
  language in the world
• 17 official national holidays
  (more holidays for schools)
INDIA at a Glance - Modernization
• Fourth largest world
  economy
• Top 10 industrial output
• Member of 6-nation
  space club
• Member of 7-nation
  nuclear club
• 4th largest standing army
• Second largest scientists
  and engineers
INDIA – Natural Diversity
• 6 clear seasons
• Highest elevation of
  Himalayas on one end,
  and ocean on the other
• 75,000 species of
  animals, 45,000 species
  of plants
• Deserts, mountains,
  rivers, fertile plains
• Spices
• Fruits
INDIA - Festivals
• National average over
  one a month
• Diwali, Holi, Eid,
  Muharram, Baisakhi,
  Buddha Purnima,
  Mahavir Jayanti,
  Dussehra, Navaratri,
  Onam, Pongal, Naag
  Panchami, Janmasthami,
  Ram Navami
• Family and individuals –
  average once a week
Holi 2007. Jagran
Women beat a sadhu during the
                                         traditional 'Chari Holi' in Gokul
                                         village, Mathura during the week-
                                         long Holi festival.

                                         March 1, 2007. HT




Vasantotsav being celebrated at
Ravindra Bharti University in Kolkata.

March 1, 2007. Jagran
January 4, 2007




A foreigner participating in
Ardh Kumbh at Sangam

January 14, 2007

Jagran
Not a single untoward incident took place. No epidemic, no
riots.Many were 'lost' but helped to be 'found' again.
It is the duty of
every cultured
man or woman
to read
sympatheticall
y the
scriptures of
the world. If
we are to
respect others'
religions as
we would have
them respect
our own, a
friendly study
of the world's
religions...
Basic Traditional Values
• Swatantrata and Moksha- Independence
  and Freedom
• Ahimsa Parmodharmah (Non-violence is
  the highest virtue)
• Satyameva Jayate (Pursuit of Truth)
• Vasidhaiva Kutumbakam (The whole
  planet is a family)
• Ekam sat viprah vahudha vadanti (Truth
  is one sages call it with different names)
Sikh families from England
                                           enjoy quot;langarquot; at Darbar
                                           Sahib in Lahore on
                                           Wednesday. Hundreds of
                                           Sikhs have come to Pakistan
                                           to attend Gurpurb
                                           celebrations.
                                           — AP/PTI
                  Sati Savitri: Eternal Hindu woman



Commerce
Consul at New
York welcoming
Indira Nooyi,
Pepsi CEO,
at Republic Day
celebration on
January 26,
2006. Jagran
India Culture
Gandhi on Truth and humanity
• When I despair, I remember that
  all through history the way of truth
  and love has always won. There
  have been tyrants and murderers
  and for a time they seem invincible
  but in the end, they always fall -
  think of it, ALWAYS.

• The things that will destroy us are:
  politics without principle; pleasure
  without conscience; wealth without
  work; knowledge without
  character; business without
  morality; science without
  humanity; and worship without
  sacrifice.
June 26, 2004
October 10 at 3 PM
Main Auditorium
www.umassd.edu/indic

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India Culture

  • 1. India, A ‘Diversiland’ Bal Ram Singh Center for Indic Studies University of Massachusetts Dartmouth
  • 2. Beginning with the New World In August 1492Columbus left Europe on a westward journey in search of the east. In October 1492, he reached what is now known as San Salvador, but believed he was in India till his death on May 20, 1506. The NEW WORLD was ‘discovered’ only after his death
  • 3. Indian Connection in American Independence • Boston Tea Party, December 16, 1773 - the tea dumped was Indian tea, brought to Boston harbor by the British East India Company. • The name of the first ship carrying the tea was ‘Dartmouth’
  • 4. US President George W Bush examines some baskets and hats made from simple waste material such as palm and banana leaves during a visit to Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University in Hyderabad on Friday, March 3, 2006.
  • 5. Center for Indic Studies, UMass Dartmouth Continuation of the Traditional Link Between India and America Massachusetts Swami Vivekananda – 1893 Paramhansa Yogananda - 1920 Swami Prabhupad – 1965 Deshpande – Sycamore – 1970s Singh –Center for Indic Studies – UMD - 1990
  • 6. Dating back at least 5000 years, civilization in India has been a rich and complicated mix of peoples and religions. Harappa and Mohenjodaro were ancient Indian cities which existed between 3000 to 1500 BC. The Gupta dynasty ruled over a golden age for north India for about two hundred years (320-544 A.D.). In the 600s, the Indus River Valley was invaded by Arabs, who brought with them Islam, which took hold in northern India. The Sultanate of Delhi was established in 1206. In 1526, Babur established the Moghul empire, whose culture thrived under Akbar the Great. British rule in India began in the AD 1700s. Foreign domination engendered Indian nationalism, which eventually led to India winning its independence in 1947.
  • 8. • 6000km. Journey of Bha_rata in 40-50 m. years • Each of these are areas of geologically recent (less than 100 million years) mountain building associated with Plate Tectonics. In addition to providing cool, moist homes for glaciers, mountains also have affected the climate of the Earth. Mountains cause disturbances in airflow, altering global circulation patterns.
  • 11. Scientists now want to explore the possibility that the city was submerged following the last Ice Age. If this proves correct, it would date the settlement at more than 5,000 years old. April 11, 2002
  • 12. Fourth Century AD The pillar is a solid shaft of iron sixteen inches in diameter and 23 feet high. What is most astounding about it is that it has never rusted even though it has been exposed to wind and rain for centuries! The pillar defies explanation, not only for not having rusted, but because it is apparently made of pure iron, which can only be produced today in tiny quantities by electrolysis! The technique used to cast such a gigantic, solid pillar is also a mystery, as it would be difficult to construct another of this size even today. The pillar stands as mute testimony to the highly advanced scientific knowledge that was known in antiquity, and not duplicated until recent times. Yet still, there is no satisfactory explanation as to why the pillar has never rusted! (source: Technology of the Gods: The Incredible Sciences of the Ancients - By David Hatcher Childress p. 80).
  • 13. Professor Ahmad Hasan Dani Guide to Historic Taxila – Chapter III (7th Century B.C. to 8th Century A.D.) Taxila University – the oldest university in the world, before the time of Buddha Philosophers gathered here to have their own schools of thoughts and imparted instructions Instructions in military science, medicine, political science, philosophy, religion, language, literature, and grammar Among famous products – Jotipala, Commander-in-Chief of the Banaras King Jivaa - A physician of the Magadhan King, Bimbisara - Physician of Buddha - King Prasanjita of Kosala, modern Ayodhya - Prince Chandragupta, founder of the Mauryan empire - Panini, the great grammarian of 6th Century B.C. - Kautilya, author of Arthsastra, a book of political science - Charaka, a great physician of all time - Paatanjali, author of Yoga sutras
  • 14. INDIA – Diversity of Contributions • Language – Samskrit, the mother of Indo-European languages • Education – Taxila, the oldest university, 700 BC. • Mathematics – Numbers (0, 1, ..9), decimal, exponents, trigonometry, etc. • Astronomy – Planetary calculations • Health sciences – Ayurveda, the holistic healthcare science • Philosophy – Six schools of thoughts, including Yoga • Chemistry and Metallurgy – London bridge steel from India • Art and Music – 80,000 named raagas (tunes), several elaborate systems of classical dances
  • 15. INDIA and its Contributions • We owe a lot to the Indians, who taught us how to count, without which no worthwhile scientific discovery could have been made!quot; -- Albert Einstein • quot;If there is one place on the face of earth where all the dreams of living men have found a home from the very earliest days when man began the dream of existence, it is India!quot; --French scholar Romaine Rolland • quot;India is the cradle of the human race, the birthplace of human speech, the mother of history, the grandmother of legend, and the great grand mother of tradition. Our most valuable and most astrictive materials in the history of man are treasured up in India only!quot; --Mark Twain • quot;So far as I am able to judge, nothing has been left undone, either by man or nature, to make India the most extraordinary country that the sun visits on his rounds. Nothing seems to have been forgotten, nothing overlooked.quot; --Mark Twain
  • 16. The Magazine - India Abroad 11/23/01 Arthur J Pais Contd..
  • 17. Will Durant, (1885-1981) American historian quot;India was the motherland of our race, and Sanskrit the mother of Europe's languages: she was the mother of our philosophy; mother, through the Arabs, of much of our mathematics; mother, through the Buddha, of the ideals embodied in Christianity; mother, through the village community, of self- government and democracy. Mother India is in many ways the mother of us all.quot;
  • 18. Yoga retreats bring out the best in body, soul By Susan Spano, Los Angeles Times 8/12/01 The Inner Harmony Yoga Retreat offers sweeping panoramas of the Great Basin to the west and Utah’s Brian Head ski resort to the east.
  • 19. Seven – Chakras in the body (Energy centers) (1), Muladhara (2)Swadishtana (3) Manipuraga (4), Anahata (5). Vishuddi Ajnai and (6) (7) Lotus Sahasrara or Crown Chakra.
  • 24. Ancient Practice of Yoga • Buddha - 563 BCE • Four noble truths – life involves suffering, desire is the cause, elimination of desire ends suffering, living by 8-fold path ends desire. • 8-fold path – balance and moderate, reject devotion to luxury, reject extreme ascetism. • right belief, right resolve, right speech, right behavior, right occupation, right effort, contemplation, meditation. • Karma and Dharma.
  • 25. Origin of Yoga • In the valley of the River Indus, a team of archaeologists under Sir Mortimer Wheeler discovered the remains of a civilization, which is now acknowledged to be approximately five thousand years old. Amongst the valued artifacts discovered were a number of seals depicting horn-capped figures sitting in positions which are advanced Yogic postures. The most famous of these seals is that of an ithyphallic deity now recognized as Shiva.
  • 26. Origin of Yoga Bhagavad Gita: (scripture of Hindus) Yoga techniques – from Supreme Power to Sun, from Sun to Manu, and from Manu to rest of humanity.
  • 29. INDIA at a Glance • Population – 1.1 billion – Male, 549.4 million; Female, 515.5 million – Rural, 72%; Urban, 28% • Area – 3.3 million sq. Km • 29 states + 7 union territories • GDP- $2.9 trillion (purchasing power parity)
  • 30. INDIA at a Glance – social and political diversity • Largest democracy in the world • Parliamentary form of democratic government • Current Prime Minister – Man Mohan Singh (a sikh) • Immediate President – Abdul Kalaam (a Muslim) • Current President – Mrs. Pratibha Patil • Over 50 political parties, including communist parties • 4 states headed by women politicians • 4 major political parties, including the ruling party, headed by women
  • 31. INDIA at a Glance – human diversity • 9 religions – Hindu, 81%; Muslim, 12%; Christian, 2%; Sikhs, 2%; Buddhist, 1%; Jain, 1%; Others (Parsi, B’hai, Jewish), 1% • Over 68,000 jaatis (castes) • 18 official languages, over 1,600 dialects • National language – Hindi, second largest spoken language in the world • 17 official national holidays (more holidays for schools)
  • 32. INDIA at a Glance - Modernization • Fourth largest world economy • Top 10 industrial output • Member of 6-nation space club • Member of 7-nation nuclear club • 4th largest standing army • Second largest scientists and engineers
  • 33. INDIA – Natural Diversity • 6 clear seasons • Highest elevation of Himalayas on one end, and ocean on the other • 75,000 species of animals, 45,000 species of plants • Deserts, mountains, rivers, fertile plains • Spices • Fruits
  • 34. INDIA - Festivals • National average over one a month • Diwali, Holi, Eid, Muharram, Baisakhi, Buddha Purnima, Mahavir Jayanti, Dussehra, Navaratri, Onam, Pongal, Naag Panchami, Janmasthami, Ram Navami • Family and individuals – average once a week
  • 36. Women beat a sadhu during the traditional 'Chari Holi' in Gokul village, Mathura during the week- long Holi festival. March 1, 2007. HT Vasantotsav being celebrated at Ravindra Bharti University in Kolkata. March 1, 2007. Jagran
  • 37. January 4, 2007 A foreigner participating in Ardh Kumbh at Sangam January 14, 2007 Jagran
  • 38. Not a single untoward incident took place. No epidemic, no riots.Many were 'lost' but helped to be 'found' again.
  • 39. It is the duty of every cultured man or woman to read sympatheticall y the scriptures of the world. If we are to respect others' religions as we would have them respect our own, a friendly study of the world's religions...
  • 40. Basic Traditional Values • Swatantrata and Moksha- Independence and Freedom • Ahimsa Parmodharmah (Non-violence is the highest virtue) • Satyameva Jayate (Pursuit of Truth) • Vasidhaiva Kutumbakam (The whole planet is a family) • Ekam sat viprah vahudha vadanti (Truth is one sages call it with different names)
  • 41. Sikh families from England enjoy quot;langarquot; at Darbar Sahib in Lahore on Wednesday. Hundreds of Sikhs have come to Pakistan to attend Gurpurb celebrations. — AP/PTI Sati Savitri: Eternal Hindu woman Commerce Consul at New York welcoming Indira Nooyi, Pepsi CEO, at Republic Day celebration on January 26, 2006. Jagran
  • 43. Gandhi on Truth and humanity • When I despair, I remember that all through history the way of truth and love has always won. There have been tyrants and murderers and for a time they seem invincible but in the end, they always fall - think of it, ALWAYS. • The things that will destroy us are: politics without principle; pleasure without conscience; wealth without work; knowledge without character; business without morality; science without humanity; and worship without sacrifice.
  • 45. October 10 at 3 PM Main Auditorium