Cloud Computing and the
Next Generation
of Enterprise Architecture
Stuart Charlton
Chief Software Architect & VP Products, Elastra
The Enterprise Cloud Company www.elastra.com

Objectives
Does cloud computing change the importance and
role of enterprise architecture and
IT service management?
Exploring a reference model for the cloud
Suggesting a way to bridge the gap between
architectural intent and results through cloud
computing
2 www.elastra.com
Cloud Computing Expo 2009

What do you mean by... architecture?
Architecture
» The fundamental organization of a system, embodied in
its components, their relationships to each other, and
the environment, and the principles governing its design
and evolution.
(ISO 42010 / IEEE 1471-2000 definition)
Enterprise Architecture
» Enterprise Architecture is the organizing logic for
businesses and their IT infrastructure reflecting the
integration and standardization requirements of the
firm’s operating model.
Peter Weill, MIT
3 www.elastra.com
Cloud Computing Expo 2009

Architecture as Strategy
Idea 1 Idea 2 Idea 3
Strategy
Defines Limits Set Policy
Constrains
Learning
Operating Model Enterprise Architecture
Provides Requires
Capabilities
Execution Systems Processes Infrastructure
Adapted from: Enterprise Architecture as Strategy: Creating a Foundation for Business Execution, J. Ross, P. Weill, and D. Robertson, Harvard Business School Press, 2006.
4 www.elastra.com
Cloud Computing Expo 2009

A Gap in Realizing Architectural Goals
What How Where Who When Why
1. Business
Business
Information Processes Geography Strategy
Organization
Events
& Collaboration
2. (a miracle occurs)
Secured
Event Traceable
Databases Applications Networks User
3. Processing Models
Interfaces
5 www.elastra.com
Cloud Computing Expo 2009

How have we managed our IT?
Developer-led
» Concurrent Versioning, Unit Testing, Maven, Ant, Capistrano
» Focused on code-promotion ; sometimes database transform
Manager-led
» One extreme: firefighting
» The other extreme: bureaucracy
Architect-led
» Round-trip modeling tools (e.g. Rational UML, Together, etc.)
» Gated reviews (i.e. “The technology cops”)
Operations-led
» Management suites (OpenView, Tivoli, etc.)
» Runbook Automation (e.g. HP/OpsWare, BMC/BladeLogic, Opalis)
6 www.elastra.com
Cloud Computing Expo 2009

IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) v3:
The Current Best Practice?
7 www.elastra.com
Cloud Computing Expo 2009

How Far Can Technology Save Us?
The “Google Secret Sauce” Theory:
» Always available, scalable, fast
» Computing as fungible commodity
» Reliability is enabled by architecture
» But you have to rewrite your software
Does a seemingly magical architecture
reduce or eliminate the need for
If I spill this on a
configuration & dependency management?
server, who
Does this architecture match classic
is affected, and by
enterprise requirements?
how much?
8 www.elastra.com
Cloud Computing Expo 2009

9 www.elastra.com
Cloud Computing Expo 2009

The Cloud Provider Continuum
“Retail Ecosystem” “Supplier Ecosystem”
Closer to the Closer to the
Developer/User SysAdmin/Ops
Platform-as-a-Service Infrastructure-as-a-Service
10 www.elastra.com
Cloud Computing Expo 2009

Qualities of an Enterprise Cloud
• On-Demand, Services-Oriented Computing
» Drastically reduced lead times
» Lowered requirement to call-ahead forecasts
» Demand trends are predicted by the provider
• Variable cost consumption
» Pay-by-the-drink or over time; decouple fixed overhead from demand
• Self-service
» Resources directly/indirectly reserved with a GUI or API
• Elastic Scalability
» Grow or shrink resources as required
• Mandatory Network
» The network is essential to consume the service
• Governance and Compliance
» Tracking and matching of cloud providers to policies
11 www.elastra.com
Cloud Computing Expo 2009

A Cloud Technology Reference Model
• Begin with the Data Center
• Now Global & Possibly Cross Organizational
• Exposes Power & Cooling Information
Facilities &
Logistics
Management Organizationally & Geographically
Decentralized Software & Hardware
12 www.elastra.com
Cloud Computing Expo 2009

A Cloud Technology Reference Model
• Add Trust, Identity and Licensing
• Control Point for Compliance, Auditing
• Distributed Action without Replicated Credentials
Licensing,
Security, Identity
& Trust
Facilities &
Logistics
Management Organizationally & Geographically
Decentralized Software & Hardware
13 www.elastra.com
Cloud Computing Expo 2009

A Cloud Technology Reference Model
• Add easy software access to:
• Configurations - HW/SW/Network/Storage
Settings, Software Packages, and Dependencies
• Resources - Reservations from a pool of excess capacity
in storage, computing, and network
Licensing,
CONFIGURATION RESOURCE Security, Identity
MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT & Trust
Facilities &
Logistics
Management Organizationally & Geographically
Decentralized Software & Hardware
14 www.elastra.com
Cloud Computing Expo 2009

A Cloud Technology Reference Model
• Add some visibility:
• A Hyperlinked Model of Metadata
(What uses or contains what other things?)
• Lifecycle (when and how can things change?)
System Lifecycles & Management Processes
Change, Versioning, Autonomic Provisioning, Scale and Recovery
Hyperlinked Models & Metadata
Capabilities, Configurations, Reservations & Dependencies
Licensing,
CONFIGURATION RESOURCE Security, Identity
MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT & Trust
Facilities &
Logistics
Management Organizationally & Geographically
Decentralized Software & Hardware
15 www.elastra.com
Cloud Computing Expo 2009

A Cloud Technology Reference Model
• Add some real-world context:
• Governance
(Who has authority / responsibility to change, and how?)
• Constraints & Policies (How are concerns addressed in the
design?)
• Testing, Monitoring & Operations (How do we manage & verify?)
The IT Service
GOVERNANCE
Testing, Monitori
Constraints & Policies
ng & Operations
Scalability, Allocation Strategy, Security
System Lifecycles & Management Processes
Change, Versioning, Autonomic Provisioning, Scale and Recovery
16 www.elastra.com
Cloud Computing Expo 2009

A Cloud Technology Reference Model
The IT Service
GOVERNANCE
Testing, Monitori
Constraints & Policies
ng & Operations
Scalability, Allocation Strategy, Security
System Lifecycles & Management Processes
Change, Versioning, Autonomic Provisioning, Scale and Recovery
Hyperlinked Models & Metadata
Capabilities, Configurations, Reservations & Dependencies
Licensing,
CONFIGURATION RESOURCE Security, Identity
MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT & Trust
Facilities &
Logistics
Management Organizationally & Geographically
Decentralized Software & Hardware
17 www.elastra.com
Cloud Computing Expo 2009

Infrastructure Clouds Start Here:
The IT Service
Your
Problem GOVERNANCE Testing,
Constraints & Policies
Monitoring &
Scalability, Allocation Strategy, Security
Operations
System Lifecycles & Management Processes
Change, Versioning, Autonomic Provisioning, Scale and Recovery
Hyperlinked Models & Metadata
Capabilities, Configurations, Reservations & Dependencies
Licensing, Secur
CONFIGURATION RESOURCE ity, Identity &
Their MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT Trust
Facilities &
Problem Logistics
Management Organizationally & Geographically
Decentralized Software & Hardware
18 www.elastra.com
Cloud Computing Expo 2009

“Enterprise Cloud Servers”
Extend the Level of Control & Automation
The IT Service
Your
Problem GOVERNANCE
Testing, Monitori
Constraints & Policies
ng & Operations
Scalability, Allocation Strategy, Security
System Lifecycles & Management Processes
Change, Versioning, Autonomic Provisioning, Scale and Recovery
Hyperlinked Models & Metadata
Capabilities, Configurations, Reservations & Dependencies
Licensing,
CONFIGURATION RESOURCE Security, Identity
Their MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT & Trust
Facilities &
Problem Logistics
Management Organizationally & Geographically
Decentralized Software & Hardware
19 www.elastra.com
Cloud Computing Expo 2009

Cloud Platforms – As Perceived
LOL, Your Application
Testing,
GOVERNANCE (Insert Code Here)
Monitoring &
Operations
DON’T WORRY YOUR PRETTY HEAD,
WE HAVE THE REST UNDER CONTROL
20 www.elastra.com
Cloud Computing Expo 2009

The Likely Evolution of Cloud Platforms
The IT Service
GOVERNANCE
Constraints & Policies
Scalability, Allocation Strategy, Security Testing, Monit
oring &
Operations
System Lifecycles & Management Processes
Change, Versioning, Autonomic Provisioning, Scale and
Recovery
21 www.elastra.com
Cloud Computing Expo 2009

Filling in the Architecture Gap
What How Where Who When Why
1. Business
Business
Information Processes Geography Strategy
Organization
Events
& Collaboration
Architecture-Aware
2.
System, Policy, and Configuration Management
Secured
Event Traceable
Databases Applications Networks User
3. Processing Models
Interfaces
22 www.elastra.com
Cloud Computing Expo 2009

Enterprise Cloud Computing
Consumption, EA & DCA Portfolio of
Standards &
Planning,
Virtualized
Policies
Improvements
APPLICATION Private Clouds
System Lifecycles
RESOURCES
Hyperlinked Models
APP ARCH
IT OPS MGT
& Metadata
Improved End-to-End Policies
Policy-Based
Service IT OPS Design with
Public Clouds
Dynamic Availability
Delivery with
Flexibility
Control Efficient Consumption
Metering Application
Servers
& Billing Storage VMs
IT-CONTROLLED CLOUD COMPUTING
• Accelerate application delivery
• Improve IT service management
• Business obtains flexibility while IT maintains control
23 www.elastra.com

Helping Drive a Collaborative Process
ENTERPRISE IT OPERATIONS
ARCHITECTS
Architectural
IT Policies
Standards
APPLICATION
ARCHITECTS IT MANAGEMENT
Auditing,
Policy-Based
Metering,
Architectural
and
Designs
Planning
DEV/QA TEAMS SYSTEM ADMINS
Automatic Provisioning
& Configuration
Request Deploy &
Dev/QA Configure
Systems Systems
ENTERPRISE CLOUD
Test System Staging System Production System
Private & Public Cloud Resources
24 www.elastra.com

Hyperlinked Cloud Markup Languages
Modular, layered, open-world, “connective tissue”
CONCEPT
IMPLEMENTATION
ECML
Elastic Computing Markup Language
MARKUP
• What is the system supposed to do?
DEFINE
ECML
EDML
Elastic Deployment Markup Language
EDML
• How does the system do what it is supposed to
do?
ELML
EMML
Elastic Licensing Markup Language
• What are the licensing implications of deploying
EXTEND
this system?
ELML
EMML
Elastic Management Markup Language
• What are the management procedures for
running this system?
25 www.elastra.com
Cloud Computing Expo 2009

Conclusions
Enterprise Architecture helps to prioritize and align an
organization’s ability to execute
» But there has been long been a communication gap
between intensions and results
Cloud Computing technology drastically reduces
provision lead times and enables quick iteration
A Cloud-Oriented synthesis of
IT Architecture, Provisioning and Service Management
may help bridge the gap
» “Architecture-Aware Clouds”
26 www.elastra.com
Cloud Computing Expo 2009

Thank You
stuartc@elastra.com
The Enterprise Cloud Company www.elastra.com