Typography?
typog… what?

Typography is the art and
techniques of arranging type, type
design, and modifying type glyphs.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typography

Type history
the quick and dirty version

Cave painting 30000 BC

From figures/symbols to characters/letters

Ancient Egyptian
Demotic
Greek
Rosetta stone discovered in 1799, it was the key for the decryption of the old Egyptian Hieroglyphic
code.

Roman inscriptional capitals on the base of Trojan's Column, ca 113.
Sample of Carolingian writing from the Carolingian Gospel Book produced between 820 and 830 AD

Invention and technology of movable type in the 1430s
The systems involved were first assembled in Germany by the goldsmith Johann Gutenberg.

Classical 1450-1800

Industrial 1800-1880

Modern 1880-1960
Bauhaus -- the radically simplified forms, the rationality and functionality, and the idea that mass-production was reconcilable with the individual artistic spirit -- were already partly developed
in Germany before the Bauhaus was founded.

Swiss Modern 1945-1970

Postmodern 1970

Digital 1985, Neville Brody art director at Face

Raygun and Wired magazine mid 1990’s

David Carson, art director of Raygun

Spread from Raygun magazine, 1997

Digital use of characters and symbols, back to the cave painting…

Type classification
the elevator version

Palatino
Old Style
Old style fonts have the following characteristics:
* Based on pen drawn forms
* Little contrast between thick and thin strokes
* Bracketed serifs
* Small x-heights
* Counters with a diagonal stress
Garamond was introduced in 1541, and is known as the first Old Style Roman. It remained popular for hundreds of years. Caslon was introduced in 1734. Caslon was used in the first
printings of the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution.
Old Style typefaces were designed to imitate handwriting. They are good book types, being highly legible
Example fonts: Bembo, Palatino, Trajan, Garamond, Caslon

Times
Transitional
The transitional typefaces bridged the Old Style and Modern periods, and took design elements from both styles. Transitional typefaces have the following characteristics:
* Greater contrast between thick and thin strokes
* More vertical counters
* Very sharp serifs
Baskerville introduced the transitional typefaces in 1757.
Transitional typefaces are often used in text-heavy designs.
Examples: Baskerville, Caslon, Times

Bodoni
Modern
Modern typefaces are distinctive: they employ strong vertical elements and very fine hairlines for a very contrasty look.
* Strong vertical elements
* Contrast between thick and thin strokes
* Very fine hairlines
Modern roman typefaces were introduced in the 1780s.
Modern typefaces are well suited to headings and title pages.
Examples: Bodoni, New Century Schoolbook

Courier
Slab Serif
Slab serif typefaces use heavy, squared off finishing strokes — hence the name \"slab\" serif. They have the following characteristics:
* Heavy, square serifs
* Few or no thin strokes
* Few or no delicate curves
* Lack contrast
All of this makes slab serif typefaces ideal for low quality printing: faxes and newsprint. They also read well on screen, and look good in presentations.
Examples: Clarendon, Courier, Memphis, Rockwell

Helvetica
Sans Serif
Ironically, it was William Caslon IV (great-grandson of the \"original\" Caslon, who produced the first type without serifs in 1816. Sans serifs were not embraced at first, and in fact, in Great Britain the common term for them is still
Grotesque.
It is hotly debated whether or not sans serif is suitable for text. Most will say that it isn't, because it's the serif that leads the eye and makes type readable. Others will argue that sans serif type, when properly set, is perfectly
suited to text.
Examples: Franklin Gothic, Univers, Helvetica, Futura, Frutiger

Brush Script
Script
Based on had drawn lettering
Examples: Kunstler Schrift, Comic Sans



Dingbat
Illustrative symbols
Examples: Zapf Dingbat, Webdings

Type rules
the 10 dont’s

Do not use every font you own in one document

DO NOT USE ALL CAPITAL LETTERS
Capital letter were not designed to stand next to one another

We read words not letters

We read words not letters
Da er det bare å glemme stavekontrollen:
En visktenpaleig unsdelrøkese gjort ved et untivseriet i Enlgnad har vist at desrom
de to føsrte- og to siste botsvkeane i alle oredne i en tekst er riktig plessart, spllier
det liten rolle hvkilen reføkkelge de øvirge boskvetane i oredne kommer. Tektsen er
fullt lesbar selv om de andre bokeastvne kommer huilbtertlulter! Dette er fordi vi
ikke leser hver eneklt botksav, men ser bidlet av ordet som hehleet.
Ha en fin dag!
This text is in norwegian, sorry…

Do not center large amounts of text
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed
diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore
magna aliquam erat volutpat.
Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullam-
corper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo conse-
quat.
Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit
esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facili-
sis at vero eros et accumsan
et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril de-
lenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi. Lorem ipsum
dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit,
sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore
magna aliquam erat volutpat.
Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullam-
corper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo conse-
quat. Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate
velit esse molestie consequat,
vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et ac-
cumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent.

Do not leave colums with one word.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, con-
sectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam
nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut
laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat
volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim
veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation
ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut
aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in
hendrerit in vulputate velit esse mo-
lestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu
feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et
accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui
blandit praesent luptatum zzril de-
lenit augue duis dolore te feugait
nulla facilisi. Lorem ipsum dolor sit
amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit,
sed diam nonummy nibh euismod
tincidunt.

Don’t make rivers flow through your colum.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer ad-
ipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod
tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam
erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam,
quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit
lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo cons.
Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in
vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel
illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero
eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui
blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue
duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi.

!
LOVE type

Type on screen?
more rules...

Size

Amount of text
Line length
Color contrast

What font is at the other end?
HTML vs FLASH

HTML use CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

FLASH embeds
fonts, images, video, sound

Type where?
Links and resources

Type and community:
http://www.typophile.com/
Type and motion:
http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2007/11/19/monday-inspiration-typography-in-motion/
Experimental type:
http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2008/05/12/sexy-bold-and-experimental-typography/
Type posters:
http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2008/02/25/breathtaking-typographic-posters
Type management:
http://www.linotype.com/fontexplorerX/
Type recognition:
http://new.myfonts.com/whatthefont/
Type posters:
http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2008/02/25/breathtaking-typographic-posters/
Type love:
http://ilovetypography.com/