Parts Of Speech Ss

Parts of Speech
(Nouns, Adjectives, Adverbs and Verbs)
Grammar I
Prof. J. Magdalena Arévalo P.
Dpto. Idiomas UNEFM

Parts of Speech
Parrot, 2000 and Stobbe, 2008
Grammar I
What?
Who?
Nouns
How does it look like?
Adjectives
How is it doing it?
Adverbs
Verbs
What is it doing?
Dpto. Idiomas UNEFM

What?
Parts of Speech
Grammar I
Who?
Nouns
Express concepts, qualities, sensations…
silver, excellence, heat, blue, New York, Samuel, tolerance
Can be identified by their ending
tradition, ability, instrument, experience, significance.
Can act as: the subject of a verb
Samuel Ellis bought an island
Can act as: the object of a verb
Samuel Ellis bought an island
Dpto. Idiomas UNEFM

Parts of Speech
What?
Grammar I
Who?
Nouns
Can act as: the complement of a verb
Samuel Ellis was a millionaire.
Countable Nouns have singular and plural form
island-islands, book-books, girl-girls, student-students.
Uncountable Nouns have only one form
furniture, water, success, blood, sugar, happiness, hair.
Regular Countable Nouns have an _s ending.
Books,, chairs, communities, papers, churches.
Dpto. Idiomas UNEFM

What?
Parts of Speech
Who?
Grammar I
Nouns
Some Irregular Nouns involve a change in vowel
man-men, tooth-teeth, foot-feet.
Some Irregular Nouns have the same plural form
a sheep-two sheep, a series-two series
Collective Nouns represent groups of people or things
team, party, army, staff, UN, COCA COLA
Nouns can be used to modify other nouns
insect repellent, battle-ground, weekend,
Dpto. Idiomas UNEFM

What?
Parts of Speech
Grammar I
Who?
Nouns
A noun can be:
Proper
Samuel
Common
Island
Concrete
Water
Abstract
Hate
Collective
Team
Compound
Sun Lotion

Parts of Speech
What?
Grammar I
Who?
Nouns
New York
Proper
Concrete
Single
Uncountable
Island
Common
Hate
Common
Concrete
Abstract
Single
Single
countable
Uncountable
Singular

Parts of Speech
What?
Grammar I
Who?
Nouns
Statue
Common
Concrete
Single
countable
Singular
Suntan
Common
Love
Common
Concrete
Abstract
Compound
Single
Uncountable
Uncountable

Parts of Speech
What?
Grammar I
Who?
Nouns
Many nouns that are generally uncountable can also be used as countable. Look at the noun in the two boxes below and decide if they are countable (C), uncountable (U), both (B). Give examples
Unhappiness, society, life, understanding, soil; misunderstanding
Fish, exposure, breast, lamb
Dpto. Idiomas UNEFM

Parts of Speech
What?
Grammar I
Who?
Nouns
Generally Countable:
Breast. (Mammals have two or more breasts.)
Generally Uncountable:
Unhappiness; understanding; soil.
(The bomb landed in US soil.)
Generally Uncountable:
Society; life; fish; exposure; lamb; misunderstanding.
(Life is not easy even though really fun.)
Dpto. Idiomas UNEFM

Parts of Speech
What?
Grammar I
Who?
Nouns
Underline all nouns in the text. Say if they are countable or uncountable. For countable nouns say if they are regular or irregular.
A FOX swimming across a rapid river was carried by the force of the current into a very deep ravine, where he lay for a long time very much bruised, sick, and unable to move. A swarm of hungry blood-sucking flies settled upon him. A Hedgehog, passing by, saw his anguish and inquired if he should drive away the flies that were tormenting him. "By no means," replied the Fox; "pray do not molest them." "How is this?' said the Hedgehog; "do you not want to be rid of them?' "No," returned the Fox, "for these flies which you see are full of blood, and sting me but little, and if you rid me of these which are already satiated, others more hungry will come in their place, and will drink up all the blood I have left."
Dpto. Idiomas UNEFM

Parts of Speech
Adjectives
Grammar I
Provide Information about the qualities of something
An old film.
An interesting experience for everyone.
It’s unbelievable that we haven’t seen him for so long.
They are closely related to nouns or verbs
Beautiful; Beauty, Dangerous; Danger
Drinkable; Drink, Talkative; talk
Some have the same form as participle verbs
boring, bored, broken, closed, exciting

Parts of Speech
Adjectives
Grammar I
Can be made up of two parts connected by a hyphen
Well-intentioned, self-centered, slip-on
Don’t change before plural nouns
Two green books. Two greens books
Can be placed before the noun, called descriptive
The old statue.
Can be placed after the verb to-be, called predicative
The statue is old.

Parts of Speech
Adjectives
Grammar I
Can be gradeable using intensifiers or downtoners
Quite beautiful. Very beautiful. Rather calm. Fairly certain.
Determiner Adjectives help indentify an specific noun
Which old statue? That old statue. My old statue.
Possessive adjectives show ownership or relationship
My little old bag is missing.
Demonstrative Adjectives point out things
This old bag. Those short stories

Parts of Speech
Adjectives
Grammar I
Interrogative Adjectives single out the modified nouns
Which old statue?
Indefinite Adjectives refer to non specific things
Some girls. Several lockers. Any book.
Numerical Adjectives state a fixed number of things
One House, three girls.

Parts of Speech
Adjectives
Grammar I
The beautiful island
Common
Descriptive
The music is loud
Common
Predicative
I like this coat
Common
Demonstrative
She is American
Proper
Predicative

Parts of Speech
Adjectives
Grammar I
I have three brothers
Common
Numerical
We play at my house
Common
Possessive
I want that one
Common
Demonstrative
She has an orange balloon
Proper
Predicative

Parts of Speech
How is it doing it?
Grammar I
Adverbs
Use to expand the meaning of another word.
It’s beautifully made. He sings very pretty. She swims very bad.
They are can be placed anywhere in the sentence
I went to the beach yesterday. He just left the room.
Some adverbs have an _ly ending
carefully, quickly, oddly, usually
Some adverbs have specific forms
well, never, often, yet,

Parts of Speech
How is it doing it?
Grammar I
Grammar I
Adverbs
Adverbs of time answer to: when?
Pool opens today. Halloween is coming soon. I never go to Church.
Adverbs of place answer to: Where?
It’s in front of you. Come here!. I read it at school.
Adverbs of manner answer to: How?
He drives carefully. Do it quickly. Slowly, place it here.
Adverbs of degree intensify or downtone
He nearly hit the bottom. He is fairly cool.

Parts of Speech
How is it doing it?
Grammar I
Adverbs
Adverbs of Frequency say: How often?
She must always clean the house. I do that frequently.
Focusing Adverbs help specify information
I go there even when I’m not alone. I like that especially.
Can be used to form questions
Where are you going?. How do you feel?

Parts of Speech
How is it doing it?
Grammar I
Adverbs
She goes there often
Time
They swim slowly
Manner
Dinner is nearly ready
Degree
He lives faraway
Place

Parts of Speech
How is it doing it?
Grammar I
Adverbs
She is swimming now
Time
I’ll travel to Bali
Place
Tina hasn’t spoken yet
Time
I was only asking for help
Focusing

Parts of Speech
Grammar I
Underline all nouns, adjectives and adverbs in the text and classify them.
On the third Saturday in May, the United States of America honors the people who served and who are currently serving in all of the branches of the U.S. military.
This day is called Armed Forces Day. Before 1949, each of the main branches of the United States military had its own day to honor its members. Armed Forces Day is a way to honor all United States military personnel at once, and to thank them for their work protecting and serving the nation.
Dpto. Idiomas UNEFM

Parts of Speech
Verbs
Grammar I
What is it doing?
Express or describe an action
Eat, paint, play, cover, examine, think, do, make
Express existence, mental conditions and processes, relationships
Be, become, believe, deduce, depend, determine
Generally come after a subject of the sentence
France gave a statue to the USA
Can appear any other place in the sentence
Swimming is an excellent exercise
Dpto. Idiomas UNEFM

Parts of Speech
Verbs
Grammar I
What is it doing?
Main Verbs express meaning by themselves
Wisdom is the ability to see, understand and know clearly...
Describe events: something you consciously do
I broke the nozzle. Why aren’t you eating?
Describe states: a passive condition
Does it belong to you? I don’t know the tune.
The same verb can describe both events and states
I always smell the food before eating it.
The river always smells foul.
Dpto. Idiomas UNEFM

Parts of Speech
Verbs
Grammar I
What is it doing?
Object Verbs need to be accompanied by an object
The old lady killeda chicken.
Complement Verbs need to be followed by a complement
My Little sister feltill.
Some verbs can stand on their own as No-object verbs
I slipped. Who’s talking?
Other verbs can take two objects or an object and a complement
I sentthe children a card.
I considerthe government responsible.
Dpto. Idiomas UNEFM

Parts of Speech
Verbs
Grammar I
What is it doing?
Object Verbs = Transitive
My Mother baked that cake
Complement Verbs = Linking
He was cold last night.
No-object Verbs = Intransitive
I’m coming!
Two object Verbs = Ditransitive
He bought a bunch of flowers for her girlfriend.
Object-Complement Verbs = Complex Transitive
I think about it sadly.
Dpto. Idiomas UNEFM

Parts of Speech
Verbs
Grammar I
What is it doing?
Auxiliary Verbs are used to indicate tenses
She is going to the mall. They have been talking.
Auxiliary Verbs are used to form negative forms and questions
You don’t believe that. Are you sure of that?
Modal Verbs can also be used as auxiliary verbs
I can run faster than you. This may be difficult.
Dpto. Idiomas UNEFM

Parts of Speech
Verbs
Grammar I
What is it doing?
Infinitive verbs are not part of tense of the sentence
I saw him cross the road. I don’t want to leave.
_ing forms are often used in continuous sentences
Are you staying late reading tonight?
Main Verbs all have past tense form
Go/Went. Is/Was. Play/Played. Visit/Visited.
Past Participle are the forms used after the verb have
He has lived. She has brought. We have driven.
Dpto. Idiomas UNEFM

Parts of Speech
Verbs
Grammar I
What is it doing?
That is not indestructible
Linking
Present T
We must study.
Intransitive
Aux
Present T
Modal V
I was only asking for help
Transitive
Aux
Cont Past T
To be V

Parts of Speech
Grammar I
Build Sentences according to the instructions
*Open (Present Tense, Transitive)
*Cook (Past Tense, Ditransitive)
*Feel (Future Tense, Linking)
*Clean (Past Participle, Transitive)
*Judge (Present Perfect, Complex Transitive)
*Sent (Present Continuous, Transitive)
*Kill (Past Tense, Ditransitive)
*Go (Future Tense, Intransitive)
*Be (Present Tense, Linking)
*Sit (Present tense, Intransitive)
Dpto. Idiomas UNEFM

Parts Of Speech Ss

by Magdalena Arevalo

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