Activity 2-unit 2-update 2024. English translation
Handouts book 1
1. HANDOUTS
For
Madina Book 1
Prepared by
The Institute of the Language of the Qur’an
(Toronto)
(NO Copy rights reserved)
Subject
Parts of the Speech …………………….
The Arabic Alphabet ………………….
Arabic Nouns Have Endings ………….
Nominal Sentence ……………………...
Cases Exercises ………………………...
Sound Triliteral Verbs ………………...
Jarun Wa Majroorun From Qur’an …
Pronouns ……………………………….
Pronouns-01-solved ……………………
Pronouns-01 ……………………………
Mudafu Mudafu Alei ………………….
Mudadu Mudafu Alei From Qur’an …
Mudafu Mudafu Alei - Examples …….
Phrases …………………………………
Feminine Gender ………………………
Adjectives ………………………………
Nominal Sentence From Qur’an ……...
Grammatical Analysis …………………
Dual and Sound Plurals ……………….
Broken Plurals …………………………
Singular-Dual-Plural ………………….
Numbers ………………………………..
Types of Khabar ……………………….
Blank Verb Conjugation Sheet ……….
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2. Parts of the Speech
In English language there are 8 Parts of Speech namely:
Noun
Pronoun
Verb
Adjective
Adverb
Preposition
Conjunction
Interjection
In Arabic language there are 3 Parts of Speech:
ﺍﺳﻢ
= Noun
ﻓﻌﻞ
ﹲ
= Verb
ﺣﺮﻑ
= Particle
But these three Parts encompass all eight Parts of Speech of the English Language.
Parts of Speech in Arabic Language
Particle ﺣﺮﻑ
Preposition =
Conjunction =
ﺣ ﺮﻑ ﺟ
ﺮ
ﺣﺮﻑ ﻋﻄﻒ
ﹾ
ﹲ
Verb ﻓﻌﻞ
Verb (same as in English)
Noun ﺍﺳﻢ
Noun =
Pronoun =
Adjective =
Adverb =
Interjection =
Parts of the Speech.doc
ﺍﺳﻢ
ﺿﻤﻴﺮ
ﻧﻌﺖ / ﺻﻔﺔ
ﹶﹲ
ﻇ ﺮﻑ
ﹶ
ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ
ﹺ
Page 1
3. The Arabic Alphabet and Vowel Signs
The Arabic letters of the alphabet are twenty nine (29) in number, all of which, with exception of
Alif, are consonants.
Consonants means it has speech sound.
There are three vowel signs in Arabic.
FATAH
()ـَـ
denoting “a”
e.g.
ﺩ
= da
ﺭ
= ra
KASRAH
()ـِـ
denoting “i”
e.g.
ﺩ
= di
ﺭ
ﹺ
= ri
DUMMA
() ُـ
ـ
denoting “u”
e.g.
ﺩ
= du
ﺭ
= ru
SUKUN
()ـْـ
it is the sign denoting absence of a vowel.
A consonant that does not carry any vowel is marked by a Sukun.
In Arabic there are three (3) parts of speech.
ﺍﺳﻢ
(Noun)
ﻓﻌﻞ
ﹲ
ﺣﺮﻑ
(Verb)
(Particle)
Arabic
ﺍﺳﻢ includes English nouns, pronouns, adjectives and adverbs.
Arabic
ﻓﻌﻞ
ﹲ
is co-extensive with English verbs.
All words besides
ﺍﺳﻢ and ﻓﻌﻞare - ﺣﺮﻑParticles.
ﹲ
ﺍﺳﻢ (noun) may be indefinite (ﻧﻜﺮﺓ) or definite (. )ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ
ﹲ
ﹺﹶ ﹲ
There are no definite or indefinite articles in Arabic language equivalent to English a, an, the.
Indefiniteness of
ﺍﺳﻢ is indicated by ﻦﺗﻨﻮﻳ
ﹺ
( nunation at the end of the noun ) which means the
vowel sign is doubled at the end of the word.
Definiteness is indicated by
ﺎﺏﻛﺘ
ﺎﺏﺍﹾﻟﻜﺘ
Since
ﹶﺍﻝ
ﹾ
prefixed to the noun.
ﻗ ﻠﻢ
ﹶﹶ
a book
ﺍﹾﻟﻘﻠﻢ
ﹶﹶ
the book
a pen
the pen
ﺍﺳﻢ cannot at the same time be definite and indefinite, ﻦﺗﻨﻮﻳ
ﹺ
ﺎﺏﺍﹾﻟﻜﺘ
and
ﺍﹾﻟﻘﻠﻢ
ﹶﹶ
and
ﹶﺍﻝ
ﹾ
do not coexist.
will be incorrect.
Tanween is also used with proper nouns i.e.
ﺪ ، ﻣﺤ ﻟﺎ، ﺧ ﻳ . ﺯEven though there is a
ﻤ ﺪ
ﺪ
tanween at the end of the noun, these proper nouns are definite.
The Arabic Alphabet.doc
Page 2
4. Arabic nouns have ENDINGS
to show their functions in a sentence.
Just like us, when we go to office, Bank or factory for work we have work cloths or uniforms, when we
go for formal functions like weddings, Valimas or reception, we dress accordingly. When we are at
home, we wear different cloths and when we retire for the night to sleep, we put on sleeping dress.
In short, we dress according to what the occasion or function demands.
Similarly, the Nouns have different endings to show their function in a sentence. It can be a subject
( Nominative case or ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻉending ) or it can be an object of a verb ( Accusative case or ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺏending )
ﹸ
or it can be a possessor of a thing or come after a preposition or an adverb ( Genitive case or ﻣﺠﺮﻭﺭ
ending ).
There are three endings of Noun (the vowel sign on the last letter of the noun).
ﺎﺏ، ﺑ ﺎ، ﺍﹾﻟﺒ ، ﻣﺤ ﺎ، ﻛﺘ ﺎﺍﻟﻜﺘ
ﻤﺪ ﺏ ﺏ ﺏ
1. Dammah
ﺎﺎﺑ، ﺑﺍ، ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏﺎ، ﳏﻤﺪ، ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ
2. Fatah
، ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏﹺ، ﺑﺎﺏﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏﹺ، ﻛﺘﺎﺏﹴ، ﳏﻤﺪ
ﹴ
3. Kasrah
1. When the last letter of a noun has a DAMMAH
It is said to be
( ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻉit indicates Nominative Case)
ﹸ
.ٌﺁﻣﻨﺔ ُ ﺑﻨﺖ ﲨﻴﻠﺔ
. ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺠﺘﻬﺪ
ﹺ
. ﻮﻕ ﺫﻫﺐ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟ
ﺴ ﹺ
ﹶ
2. When the last letter of a noun has a FATAH
It is said to be
( ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺏit indicates Accusative Case)
. ﻮﹸﻟ ﺒﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﺍ ﻋﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃ ﱠ ﳏﻤﺪ
ﺳ ﻪ
ﻥ
. ﺍ ﻋﻨﺪﻙﻻﺭﻛﻢ ﺩﻭ
ﹶ
. ﻮﻕ ﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻳﺖ ﳏﻤﺪﺭﺃ
ﺴﹺ ﹺ
3. When the last letter of a noun has a KASRAH
It is said to be
( ﻣﺠﺮﻭﺭit indicates Genitive Case)
ﺷﻬﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ؟ ﺃ
ٍﹺ ﻱ
ﻮﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ؟ ﻳ ﺃ
ﻱ ﹴ
. ﻳﺮﺮ ﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ ﺍﻟ
ﺴ ﹺ
ﹸ ﺴ
. ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﳏﻤﺪ
Please memorize the above ARABIC TERMS and watch carefully the
ENDING VOWEL SIGNS ON NOUNS TO KNOW ITS FUNCTION IN
THE SENTENCE.
Arabic Nouns Have Endings.doc
Page 3
5. ﻴ ﹸ ﹶ ﹸ
Nominal Sentence ( ﺔ)ﹶﺍﹾﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﻤ
What is a sentence?
Sentence is a group of words which make complete sense.
Muhammad is a student.
Hamid is sick.
The core ingredients of any sentence are a subject and a predicate. The subject names a person, a place
or a thing we are talking about. The predicate makes a statement about the subject. In other words the
predicate is the part of a sentence which expresses what is said about the subject.
In the above two sentences Muhammad and Hamid are subjects and “is a student” and “is sick” are
predicates.
In Arabic language there are two kinds of sentences.
The one which begins with a noun
( ﺍﺳﻢ )
And the one which begins with a verb
is called nominal sentence
ﺔﺍﹾﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﻤ
ﻴ ﹸ ﹶ ﹸ
( ) ﻓﻌﻞis called verbal sentence ﺔﺍﹾﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﹾﻟﻔﻌﻠ
ﹲ
ﻴ ﹸ ﹶ ﹸ
We shall discuss here only the nominal sentence.
A simple nominal sentence is of this form:
ﻟﻢﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﺯ
Zayd is learned.
ٌﺔﻟﻤﺎﻓﹶﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﻋ
ﹸ
Fatimah is learned.
ﹶﺍﻟﹾﻮﹶﻟﺪ ﺫﻛ
ﻲ ﹶ
The boy is intelligent.
ﹶﺍﹾﻟﺒﻨﺖ ﺟﻤﻴﻠﺔ
ﹶ ﹲ ﹺ
The girl is beautiful.
Just like in English, a nominal sentence in Arabic has two parts:
Subject
( ) ﹶﺍﹾﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪﹸﺃand Predicate ( ) ﹶﺍﹾﻟﺨﺒﺮ
The noun with which the nominal sentence begins is called
which says something about it is called
( ) ﻣﺒﺘﺪﹲﺃsubject, and the other part
( ) ﺧﺒﺮpredicate.
Usually, the subject of a nominal sentence is a definite noun, either a proper noun like Zayd and
Fatimah , a noun with the definite article like
ﹶﺍﹾﻟﻮﹶﻟﺪand ﹶﺍﹾﻟﺒﻨﺖor a pronoun.
ﹺ
The predicate is usually indefinite, and agrees in gender with the subject.
Both the subject and the predicate are marfu
, ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻉthat is, it will have one dumma or tanween
ﹸ
(double) dumma.
Nominal Sentence.doc
Page 4
6. Put the following nouns into their respective “cases”. First as indefinite then as definite nouns;
then change them into feminine nouns and do like wise. Do as shown in the examples.
FEMININE
Genitive
MASCULINE
Accusative Nominative
Genitive
Accusative Nominative
ﻭﺭ ﻣﺠ
ﺮ
ﻮﺏ ﻣﻨ
ﺼ
ﻣﺮ ﹸﻮﻉ
ﻓ
ﻭﺭ ﻣﺠ
ﺮ
ﻮﺏ ﻣﻨ
ﺼ
ﻣﺮ ﹸﻮﻉ
ﻓ
ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ
ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ
ﹰ
ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ
ﹲ
ﻣﺴﻠﻢ
ﹴ
ﺎﻣﺴﻠﻤ
ﻣﺴﻠﻢ
ﺎﺩﻕﺻ
ﻟﻢﺎﻋ
ﻣﺆﻣﻦ
ﺱ ﻣﺪ
ﺭ
ﻛﺎﻓﺮ
ﻛﺎﺫﺏ
ﻣﺸﺮﻙ
ﹺ
ﻟﺐﻃﺎ
ﻃِﺒﻴﺐ
ﹶ
ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ
ﹸ
Cases Exercises.doc
ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ
ﹶ ﹸ
ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ
ﹸ ﹸ
ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ
ﹺ ﹸ
ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ
ﹸ
ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ
ﹸ
Page 5
7. Paradigm of the Unaugmented Triliteral Verb
ﺩ ﺍﳌﺠ ﺛ ﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﹶﺃﺑ
ﺮ ﹺ ﹶ ﻲ ﹸ
Group I - I
Group I - A
Group U - U
Group A - A
Group A - I
Group A - U
(ﺑﺎﺏ ﺣﺴﺐ )ﺡ
ِ
(ﺑﺎﺏ ﺳﻤﻊ )ﺱ
(ﺑﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﻡ )ﻙ
ﹶ
(ﺑﺎﺏ ﻓﺘﺢ )ﻑ
ﹶ
(ﺑﺎﺏ ﺿﺮﺏ )ﺽ
(ﻧﺼﺮ )ﻥ ﺑﺎﺏ
ﻳﺤﺴﺐ : ﺣﺴﺐ
ِ ِ
ﻳﺴﻤﻊ : ﺳﻤﻊ
ﻳﻜﺮﻡ : ﻛﺮﻡ
ﹾ ﹶ
ﻳﻔﺘﺢ : ﻓﺘﺢ
ﹾ ﹶ
ﻳﻀﺮﺏ : ﺿﺮﺏ
ﹺ
ﻳﻨﺼﺮ : ﻧﺼﺮ
He
thought
ﺣﺴﺐ
ِ
He heard
ﺳﻤﻊ
He became
noble
ﻛﺮﻡ
ﹶ
He
opened
ﻓﺘﺢ
ﹶ
He struck
or hit
ﺿﺮ ﺏ
He helped
ﻧﺼﺮ
He
inherited
ﻭﺭ ﺙ
ﹺ ﹶ
He
understood
ﻓﻬﻢ
ﹶﹺ
He moved
away
ﺑﻌﺪ
He went
ﺫﻫﺐ
ﹶ
He sat
ﺟﻠﺲ
ﹶ
He wrote
ﻛﺘﺐ
ﹶ
He played
ﹶﻟﻌﺐ
He became
larger,
bigger
ﻛﺒﺮ
ﹶ
He
bowed
down
ﺭﻛﻊ
ﹶ
He
washed
ﻏﺴﻞ
ﹶﹶ
He entered
ﺩﺧ ﻞ
ﹶ
He
memorized,
protected
ﺣﻔﻆ
ﹶ
He
approached
ﻗﺮﺏ
ﹶ
He
raised
ﺭﻓ ﻊ
ﹶ
He
returned
ﺭﺟ ﻊ
He seeked
ﻃ ﻠﺐ
ﹶﹶ
He drank
ﺷﺮﺏ
ﹺ
He did
ﻓﻌﻞ
ﹶﹶ
He
descended
ﻧﺰﻝ
ﹶ
He
prostrated
ﺳﺠﺪ
He
laughed
ﺿﺤﻚ
He
searched
ﺑﺤﺚ
ﹶ
He broke
ﻛﺴﺮ
ﹶ
He killed
ﻗ ﺘﻞ
ﹶﹶ
He
became
happy
ﻓﺮﺡ
ﹶﹺ
He cut
ﻗﻄﻊ
ﹶﹶ
He knew
ﻋ ﺮﻑ
He studied
ﺩﺭﺱ
He rode
ﺭ ﻛﺐ
He
gathered
ﺟﻤﻊ
He lied
ﻛﺬﺏ
ﹶﹶ
He lived
ﺳﻜ ﻦ
ﹶ
He
worked
ﻋﻤﻞ
ﹶ
He
prevented
ﻣﻨﻊ
He was
patient
ﺻﺒﺮ
He
thanked
ﺷﻜ ﺮ
ﹶ
He knew
ﻋﻠﻢ
He
explained
ﺷﺮﺡ
He
triumphed ,
overpowered
ﻏ ﻠﺐ
ﹶﹶ
He cooked
ﻃﺒﺦ
ﹶ
He showed
mercy upon
ﺭﺣﻢ
He
succeeded
ﻧﺠﺢ
He carried
ﺣﻤﻞ
ﹶ
He created
ﺧﻠﻖ
ﹶ
He
followed
ﺗﺒﻊ
ﹺ
He
benefited
ﻧﻔﻊ
ﹶ
He looked
ﻧﻈﺮ
ﹶ
He
began
ﺑﺪﹶﺃ
He left
ﺗﺮﻙ
He asked
ﺳﺄﻝ
ﹶ ﹶ
He
attended
ﺣﻀ ﺮ
He read
ﻗﺮﹶﺃ
ﹶ
He failed
ﺭﺳ ﺐ
He
provided ,
bestowed or
blessed
ﺭﺯﻕ
He
remembered
or mentioned
ﺫﻛﺮ
ﹶ ﹶ
He
worshipped
ﻋﺒﺪ
He came
out or
exited
ﺧﺮﺝ
He
ordered
ﺃﻣﺮ
He ate
ﺃﻛﻞ
ﹶﹶ
He took
ﺃﺧﺬ
ﹶ
Sound Triliteral Verbs.doc
Page 6
8. The Conjugation of the Past Tense -ﻲ ﺎ ﺍﻟ
ﹾﻤ ﺿ
ﺍﹾﻟﻔﻌﻞ
ﹸ
Please remember that in Arabic Verbs the doer of the action ( ) ﺍﻟ ﹶﺎﻋﻞis ALWAYS present. Either
ﹸ ﹾﻔ
attached or in its hidden form.
ﺍﹾﻟﻔﹶﺎﻋﻞ
ﹸ
ﻣﺴﺘﺘﺮ
He wrote
Suffix
NIL
ﻛﺘﺐ
ﹶ
ﻫﻮ
‘Alif’ of
Dual
ﻰﻟﻒ ﺍﳌﺜﹶﺃ
ﹸ ﹶﻨ
(ﻟﻒﺍ )ﹶﺃ
ﺍ
ﺎﻛﺘﺒ
ﹶ
ﺎﻫﻤ
They (more than 2 men) wrote
‘Waw’ of
Plural
ﺎﻋﺔﻭﺍﻭ ﺍﳉﻤ
ﹶ
(ﻭ)ﻭﺍﻭ
ﺍﻭ
ﺍﻛﺘﺒﻮ
ﹶ
ﻫﻢ
She wrote
‘Ta’ is the
sign of
feminine
ﺄﹺﻧﻴﺚﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺗ
ُ ﺘ
ﻣﺴﺘﺘﺮ
ﺕ
ﻛﺘﺒﺖ
ﹶ
ﻫﻲ
(ﻟﻒﺎ ﺕ + ﺍ ﺍ )ﹶﺃﻛﺘﺒﺘ
ﹶ
ﺎﻫﻤ
They (2 men) wrote
They (2 women) wrote
‘Nun’ of the
women
kind
ﻥ
ﹶ
ﻥ
ﹶ
ﻛﺘﺒﻦ
ﹶ
ﻫ
ﻦ
You (man) wrote
ﺕ
ﺕ
ﻛﺘﺒﺖ
ﹶ
ﻧﺖﺃ
You (2 men) wrote
ﺎﺗﻤ
ﺎﺗﻤ
ﺎﻛﺘﺒﺘﻤ
ﹶ
ﺎﻧﺘﻤﺃ
You (more than 2 men) wrote
ﺗﻢ
ﺗﻢ
ﻛﺘﺒﺘﻢ
ﹶ
ﻧﺘﻢﺃ
You (woman) wrote
ﺕ
ﺕ
ﻛﺘﺒﺖ
ﹶ
ﻧﺖﺃ
You (2 women) wrote
ﺎﺗﻤ
ﺎﺗﻤ
ﺎﻛﺘﺒﺘﻤ
ﹶ
ﺎﻧﺘﻤﺃ
You (more than 2 women) wrote
ﺗ
ﻦ
ﺗ
ﻦ
ﻛﺘﺒﺘ
ﻦ ﹶ
ﻧﺘﺃ
ﻦ
I (male or female) wrote
ﺕ
ﺕ
ﻛﺘﺒﺖ
ﹶ
ﺎﺃﻧ
We (male or female) wrote
ﺎﻧ
ﺎﻧ
ﺎﻛﺘﺒﻨ
ﹶ
ﻧﺤﻦ
They (more than 2 women) wrote
- ﻣﺴﺘﺘﺮhidden, implied, understood, tacit.
The
ﻟﻒﺃ
ﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻮﺓ
ﻧ ﹸ ﹺ
- ﺍﹾﻟﻔﹶﺎﻋﻞThe subject, i.e., the doer of the action.
ﹸ
of the third form ( )ﻫﻢis not pronounced, though it must be written. It is called ﺍﻟﻮ ﹶﺎﻳﺔ
ﹾ ﹺﻗ
ﻟﻒ( ﹶﺃthe
alif of protection). It ‘protects’ verbs like ﺍ ( ﺃﺧﺬthey took) where the ﻭis not joined to the body of the
ﹸﻭ ﹶ
verb and therefore may be mistaken for the conjunction
ﻭ
meaning ‘and’.
Out of the fourteen forms, in 12 forms the doer is attached ( ﺼﻞﻣ
ﹲ ﺘ
.) ﺿﻤﻴﺮOnly in two forms, i.e., ﻫﻮ
and ﻫﻲit can be hidden or it comes after the verb in the sentence.
Sound Triliteral Verbs.doc
Page 7
9. References from the Noble Quran for ﻭﻣﺠﺮﻭﺭ ﺎ
ﺟ ﺭ
ِﺑـ
by, at, in
ِﻟـ
belongs to,
for
ﻋﻦ
ﻲﻓ
ﺇﱃ
ِﻣﻦ
ﻋﻠﹶﻰ
away from
in
to
from
on
2:8 And there are people (from men are) who say,
“We believe in God and (in) the Last Day”
17:1 From the Inviolable House of Worship [at
Mecca] to the far distant Place of Worship [at
Jerusalem]
24:58 before the prayer of daybreak
24:58 and after the prayer of night fall
2:10 In their hearts is a disease
ﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﺎ ﺑﹺﺎﷲِ ﻭﺑﹺﺎﹾﻟﻳ ﹸﻮﻝ ﺀَﺍﻣ ﺎﺱ ﻣﻦﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ
ﹺ َ ﹺ
ﻨ ﻘ ﹸ ﻨ ﹺ
ﺎﺍﻡ ﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻣﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﹾﻟﺤﺮ
َﹾ ﹺ
ﹺ ﹺ
ﺒﻞ ﺻﻠﻮٰﺓ ﺍﹾﻟﻔﺠﺮﻣﻦ ﻗ
ﹺ ﹶ ﹶ ﹶ ﹺ
ﺸﺂﺀﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﻠﻮٰﺓ ﺍﹾﻟﻌ ﻭ ﻣﻦ
ِ
ﹶ
ﻲ ﻗﻠﻮﹺﺑﻬﻢ ﻣﺮﺽﻓ
ﹺ ﹸﹸ
2:17 and leaves them in utter darkness
ﺎﺕﻲ ﻇﻠﻤﺗﺮﻛﻬﻢ ﻓﻭ
ﹸﹸ ﹶ
2:27 and spread corruption in the earth
ﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽﻳﻔﺴﺪﻭﻥ ﻓﻭ
ﹺَ
ﹶِ ﹾ
2:256 There shall be no coercion in matters of faith
2:284 Unto God belongs all that is in the heavens and
all that is in the earth.
3:6 He is Who shapes you in the wombs
3:46 and he shall speak unto men in his cradle
3:85 and in the life to come he shall be among (from)
the lost
5:41 Theirs shall be (to them belongs) ignominy in
this world, and (to them belongs) awesome suffering
in the life to come
5:54 who strive hard in God’s cause
Jarun Wa Majroorun From Qur'an.doc
ﻳﻦﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻩ ﻓﻵ ﺇﻛﺮ
ﹺ
ﹾ
ﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻤٰﻮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻓِﷲِ ﻣ
ﹺَ
ﺎﻡﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺣﻳﺼﻮﺭﻛﻢ ﻓ ﻫﻮ ﺍﱠﺬﻱ
ﹺَ
ﹸ
ﻟ
ﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﻤﻬﺪﺎﺱ ﻓﻳﻜﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻭ
ﻨ ﹶﱢ
ﻳﻦﻲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﺨﺎﺳﺮﻭﻫﻮ ﻓ
ﹺ
ﻲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻋﺬﹶﺍﺏﺎ ﺧﺰﻱ ، ﻭﹶﻟﻬﻢ ﻓﻧﻴﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﹶﻟﻬﻢ ﻓ
ﻴﻢﻋﻈ
ِﻲ ﺳﺒﹺﻴﻞ ﺍﷲﺎﻫﺪﻭﻥ ﻓﻳﺠ
ﹺ ﹶ
Page 8
10. Kinds of Pronouns ﺮﺎ ( ﺿPlural) / ( ﺿﻤﻴﺮSingular)
ُ ﻤ ﺋ
Pronouns are either separate
or attached
ﺍﹾﻟﻤﻨﻔﺼﻞ
ﹸ ﹶ
ﺼﻞ.ﺍﹾﻟﻤ
ﹸ ﺘ
ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺏ
ﺿﻤﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞare
ﹲ ﹶ
independent and are not attached to any
other word.
ﺼﻞﺿﻤﻴﺮ ﻣ
ﹲ ﺘ
are not independent, but are always
attached to other words.
In the beginning of our studies we will
learn the basic forms. As we progress we
will learn them in greater details
in book III ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟ ﱠﻪ . ﺇﻥ
ﹺ ﹾ ﺷ َ ﻠ
The pronouns are
ﻣﺒﻨ
ﹺﻲ
(fixed), i.e.,
they are not declinable. They remain
stationary in one FORM.
But they do have one fixed form when
they are
ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻉand another fixed form
ﹸ
when they are
For
ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺏor .ﻣﺠﺮﻭﺭ
ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺏand ﺭ ﻣﺠﺮﻭthere is
ٌ
only one form for attached pronouns
which we will study here.
ﻧﺼﺐ means they are ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺏ
Jarr
ﺟmeans they are ﻣﺠﺮﻭﺭ
ﺮ
Form
Pronouns of Raf’
the separate form
ﺿﻤﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ
ﹲ ﹶ
Raf’
ﺭﻓ ﻊ
ﹾ
means they are
ﻩ
ﺎﻫﻤ
ﺎﻫﻤ
ﻫﻢ
ﻫﻢ
ﺎﻫ
ﻫﻲ
ﺎﻫﻤ
ﺎﻫﻤ
ﻫ
ﻦ
ﻫ
ﻦ
ﻙ
ﻧﺖﺃ
ﺎﻛﻤ
ﹸ
ﺎﻧﺘﻤﺃ
ﻛﻢ
ﹸ
ﻧﺘﻢﺃ
ِﻙ
ﻧﺖﺃ
ﺎﻛﻤ
ﹸ
ﺎﻧﺘﻤﺃ
ﻛ
ﹸﻦ
ﻧﺘﺃ
ﻦ
*ﻱ
ﺎﺃﻧ
ﺎﻧ
ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻉ
ﹸ
ﻫﻮ
ﻧﺤﻦ
* this is known as
Pronouns.doc
ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻉ
ﹸ
Form
ﺼﻞﺿﻤﻴﺮ ﻣ
ﹲ ﺘ
The separate pronouns, also called
The attached pronouns
ٌ
ﺭﻣﺠﺮﻭ
Pronouns of Nasb and Jarr
the attached form
Nasb
detached pronouns,
and
– ﻳﺎﺀ ﺍﹾﻟﻤﺘﻜ ﱢﻢYa of the first person
ﹶﻠ ﹺ ُ
Page 9
16. References from the Noble Quran for - ﺎﻑ ﺇﹶﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ ﺎﻑ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ
ﹺ ﻀ ﻭ ﻀ
114:1 Say you, I seek refuge in the Lord of all
mankind.
110:1 When the help of Allah comes
97:3 The Night of Power is better than a thousand
months.
78:37 From Him Who is the Lord of the universe
and the earth and all that is in between them.
12:38 That is a grace of Allah upon us and upon
mankind.
ﺎﺱﻗﻞ ﹶﺃﻋﻮﺫ ﹺﺑﺮﺏ ﺍﻟ
ﻨ ﹺ ﹸ ﹸ ﹾ
ِﻧﺼﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺎﺀﹺﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﺟ
َ
ﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﹶﺃﹾﻟﻒ ﺷﻬﺮﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﹾﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﺧﹶﻟ
ﹴ ﹺ ﹶﹸ ﹶ
ﺎﻨﻬﻤﻴﺑ ﺎﻮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻣﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻤ
ﹺ
ﺎﺱﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻨﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﷲِ ﻋﻠﺫ
ﻨ ﹺ
ﹶ
ﹺ ﹶ ﹶ
85:10 and for them is the torment of fire
ﻳﻖﻭﹶﻟﻬﻢ ﻋﺬﹶﺍﺏ ﺍﹾﻟﺤﺮ
ﹺ ﹺ
2:39 They are the people of the hell.
ﺎﺭﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺌﻚ ﹶﺃﺻﺤﻟﹸﺃﻭ
ﻨﹺ
24:35 Allah is the light of the heavens and the
earth.
ﺍﻷﺭﺽﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻤٰﻮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ
ﹺ َ ﻧﱠ
50:42 This is the day of coming forth from the
graves.
ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﹾﻟﺨﺮﻭﺝ ﻟﻚﺫ
ﹺ ﹶ
7:73 This is the she camel of Allah.
9:30 and the Christians said “Masih (Christ) is the
son of Allah”.
6:127 For them is the home of safety.
ِﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﷲﻫﺬﻩ ﻧ
ﹶ ﹸ
ِﺑﻦ ﺍﷲﻴﺢ ﭐﻯ: ﺍﹾﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭﻨﺼﻭﻗﹶﺎﹶﻟﺖ ﺍﻟ
ِ
ﻼﻡ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻟﻬﻢ ﺩﺍ
ﺭ ﺴ ﹺ
39:10 and Allah’s earth is spacious.
ﺍﺳﻌﺔﻭﹶﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﷲِ ﻭ
ﹲ
48:29 Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.
ِﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ
ﹸ
2:252 These are the verses (Signs, Portents) of
Allah.
10:25 and Allah calls towards the home of peace.
40:55/77 Therefore have patience (O Muhammad).
Lo (surely,certainly)! The promise of Allah is true.
Mudafu Mudafu Alei From Qur'an.doc
ِﺗﻠﻚ ﺁﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﷲ
ﹾ
ﻼﻡ ﺍﺭﹺﺍﻟﺍ ﺇﹺﱃ ﺩﻳﺪﻋﻮ ُ ﺍﷲﻭ
ﺴ ﹺ
ﻓﭑﺻﹺﺒﺮ ﹺﺇﻥ ﻭﻋﺪ ﺍﷲِ ﺣﻖ
ﱠ
Page 15
18. ﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ
ﹶ ﹸ
The Phrase
ﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪَﻇﺮﻑ ﻭﻣﻀ
ﻭﺭ ﻭﻣﺠ ﺟﺎ
ﺮ ﺭ
( ) ﻇﺮﻑ + ِﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﺠﺮﻭﺭ
ﹶ
( + ِﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﺠﺮﻭﺭ ) ﺣﺮﻑ ﺟ
ﺮ
Adverbial Phrase
(adverb followed by a noun or pronoun)
Prepositional Phrase
(preposition followed by a noun or pronoun)
ﻇﺮﻑ
ﹶ
ﺣﺮﻑ ﺟ
ﺮ
Adverb
Preposition
ﺎﻡﺃﻣ
ﻓﻮﻕ
ﹶ
ﻲﻓ
ﺇﱃ
ِﻣﻦ
ﻋﻠﹶﻰ
in front
above
in
to
from
on
ﺧﻠ ﻒ
ﹾ
ﺗﺤﺖ
ِﺑـ
ِﻟـ
ﻋﻦ
behind
under
by
for
away from
. ﺠﺮﺓ ﻋﺼﻔﻮ ١( ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟ
ﺭ ﹸ ﺸ ﹶ
.ﲎﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺴ١( ِﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺍﻷﺳﻤ
ُ ﹸ
.ﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﻛِﺒﻴﺮ ﹲ٢( ﺃﻣ
ﺓ ﹲ َﹶ
.ﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺭﺟ ﹲ٢( ﻓ
ﻞ
. ﺎﺭﺓ ﻛﻠﺐ ﺻﻐﻴ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟ (٣
ﺮ ﹶ ﹾ ﺴﻴ
.ﺔٌ ﺟﻤﻴﻠ ﹲﺎﻋﻳِﺮ ﺳ٣( ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺮ
ﹶﺔ
ﹺ
.ﺱ ﺳﺒﻮﺭ ﹲ ٤( ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﺪ
ﺓ ﺭ ﹺ ﹸ ﹾ
. ﻳﺎﺏ ﺟﺪ٤( ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ ﻛﺘ
ﺪ ﹺ ﹶ ﹾ
Please remember that ( ِﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔPhrase), such as
ﹶ ﹸ
ﻭﻣﺠﺮﻭﺭ ( ﺟﺎPrepositional phrases ) and ﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ( ﻇﺮﻑ ﻭﻣﻀAdverbial phrases ),
ﺭ
ﹶ
can never be ﺪﹲﺃﻣﺒﺘ
(Subject ) even though a sentence may begin with it.
The subject of a nominal sentence must be a noun or pronoun.
Phrases.doc
Page 17
19. Feminine Gender (ﺚ)ﺍﳌﺆ
ﻧ ﹸ ﹸ
a) The usual feminine ending, as said in the first lesson, is
ﺓ
( closed
Ta – ﻮﻃﺔ , ) ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺮe.g. ﺑﻘﺮﺓ , ﻓﹶﺎﻃﻤﺔ a cow, ﻳﺔ ﻗﺮa village, ﺳﻼﻣﺔsafety.
ﺑ ﹶ ﹸ ُ ﹶ
ﹸ
ﹲ ﹶ
ﹲﹶ
ﹲ ﹶ
However, two feminine nouns have a long
( ﺕopen Ta – ُﺔﻮﺣ) ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺀ ﺍﹶﳌﻔﺘ
ُ ﹾ
at the end. They are: ﹸﺃﺧﺖsister, ﹺﺑﻨﺖdaughter.
b) The second feminine ending is known as alif maqşũrah ( ﻮﺭﺓ ﻒ ﻣﻘ) ﺃﻟ
ﹾﺼ
short alif which is ﻯpronounced as ã , e.g. ﻰ , ﹶﻟﻴﻠﹶﻰ ( ﺳﻠﻤnames of
ﹾ
women ), ﻯ ( ﺻﻐﺮsmaller,f. ), ﻯ ( ﻛﺒﺮgreater,f. ).
ﹸ
c) The third feminine ending is called alif mamdũdah ( ﺓﻭﺩ ﻒ ﻣﻤ, ) ﺃﻟ
ﺪ
long alif which is hamzah preceded by alif, e.g. ﺎﺀ ( ﺃﺳﻤname of a
ُ
ُ
ُ
woman ), ﺎﺀ ( ﻋﻤﻴblind woman ), ﺎﺀ ( ﺣﺴﻨbeautiful woman ).
d) There are, however, feminine nouns that do not have any of these
endings. They may be classified in the following categories:
1. Names of women, e.g.
ﻳﻢﻳﻨﺐ ، ﻫﻨﺪ ، ﻣﺮﺯ
2. Females, e.g.
ﹸﺍﻡmother,
ﻭﺱ ﻋbride,
ﺮ
ﺎﻥ ﹶﺍﺗshe ass.
ﹲ
3. Parts of the body that are double, e.g.
ﻋﻴﻦeye,
ﻳﺪ hand,
ﹸﺍﺫﻥear,
ﹸﹲ
ﺭﺍﻉ ﺫarm,
ﺭﺟﻞfoot, leg
ﹲ ﹺ
ﺎﻕ ﺳshank.
4. Names of towns and countries, e.g.
ﻣﺼﺮEgypt,
ﺎﻮﺭ Syria,
ﺳ ﹺﻳ
ﺍﳍﻨﺪIndia.
5. Some everyday words, e.g.
ﺩﺍﺭhouse,
ﺎﺭ ﻧfire,
ﻳﺢ ﺭwind,
ﹺ
ﺎﺀ ﺳﻤsky,
ٌ
ﺷﻤﺲsun,
ﺣﺮﺏwar,
ﹶﺍﺭﺽearth,
ﻧﻔﺲ soul,
ﹾ
ﻳﻖ ﻃﺮway,path.
ﹶﹺ
All the nouns that do not fall in these categories are masculine. You may also say that all
nouns are masculine except those that belong to these categories.
Feminine Gender.doc
Page 18
21. The Exercises in the Adjectives – Translate into Arabic
1. A big book and a small pen.
2. The big book and the small pen.
3. A new desk and the old school.
4. A small pen and the small book.
5. The old house and a new door.
6. The tall boy and a short girl.
7. The tall girl and the small boy.
8. An old chair and the new room.
9. The big girl and the small boy.
10. The short chair and a long desk.
11. A big book. On a big book.
12. The small school. In the small school.
13. From the old desk. On the new chair.
14. An old house. In the new school.
15. A big knife and the long key.
16. On the short boy. From an old friend.
17. The big room. On the big mountain.
18. A long street. In the small car.
19. The big book is on the new desk.
20. Hamid is a short boy and Khadijah is
a tall girl.
21. Hamid is in the big house and
Khadijah is in the old car.
22. The pen is on the new desk and the
book is on the old chair.
Adjectives.doc
Page 20
22. Some references from the Qur’an for Adjectives ( ﻨﻌ)ﺍﻟ
ﺖ
5:15 Undoubtedly, there has to come to you from
Allah light and a luminous Book.
4:13 And that is the great success.
12:40 This is the right religion
45:10 And for them is a great torment.
49:3 For them is forgiveness and a great reward.
. ﺒﻴ ﺘﺎﺏﻧﻮﺭ ﻭﻛ ﻗﹶﺪ ﺟﺎﺀﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻪ
ﻦ ﻣ ﹺ ﻠ َ ﹸ
. ﻟﻚ ﺍﹾﻟﻔﻮﺯ ﺍﹾﻟﻌﻈﻴﻭ ﺫ
ﻢ ﹶ ﹶ
ﻢﻳﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﻘ ﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺫ
ﹶﻴ ﺪ ﹶ
. ﻭ ﹶﻟﻬﻢ ﻋﺬﹶﺍﺏ ﻋﻈﻴ
ﻢ
. ﻐﻔﺮﺓ ﻭﹶﺃﺟﺮ ﻋﻈﻴ ﹶﻟﻬﻢ
ﻢ ﹲ ﻣ
68:4 And undoubtedly, you possess excellent manners.
.ﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻋﻈﻴﻢﹴﻚ ﹶﻟﻌﻭ ﹺﺇ
ﹸ ﹴ ﻧ
8:74 For them is forgiveness and honourable provision.
. ﻳﹶﻟﻬﻢ ﻣﻐﻔﺮﺓ ﻭﺭﺯﻕ ﻛﺮ
ﹶ ﹺ ﻢ ﹺ ﹲ
44:17 and an honourable Messenger came to them.
2:219 in both there is great sin
. ﻳﺎﺀﻫﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﻛﺮﻭﺟ
ﹲ ﹶﹺﻢ َ
ﺎ ﹺﺇﹾﺛﻢ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﻓﻴﻬﻤ
ﹶﹺ ﹺ
28:23 and our father is very old.
. ﺎ ﺷﻴﺦ ﻛﺒﻴﺑﻮﻧﻭﹶﺃ
ﺮ ﹶ ﹺ
1:5 Guide us in the straight path.
.ﺍﻁ ﺍﹾﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢﺮ ﺎ ﺍﻟﺍﻫﺪﻧ
ﺼ ﹶ
42:26 And for the infidels there is a severe torment.
. ﻳﺍﻟﻜﹶﺎﻓﺮﻭﻥ ﹶﻟﻬﻢ ﻋﺬﹶﺍﺏ ﺷﺪﻭ
ﺪ ﹶ
85:21 22 But it is a glorious Quran. In well guarded
tablet.
.ﺤﻔﻮﻅ . ﻓﻲ ﹶﻟﻮﺡ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺠﻴﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻗﺮ
ﹸ ﹴ ﻣ ﺪ ﹺ ﹸ ﹲ ﹾ
61:13 help from Allah and a near victory
26:195 In plain Arabic speech.
24:12 and say: it is a manifest untruth.
41:44 They are like those who are called from a far off
place.
18:46 The wealth and sons are an adornment of the
worldly life
18:46 and the good deeds that endure are better in the
sight of your Lord for reward and better in respect of
hope.
59:24 His are the Most beautiful names.
Adjectives.doc
ﻳﺐﻧﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ﹼﻪ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﻗﺮ
ﹶ ﹺ ﹶ ﻠ
. ﻣﺒﻴﻦﹴ ﺎﻥ ﻋﺮﹺﺑﹺﺑﻠﺴ
ﹺ ﻲ
. ﺬﺍ ﹺﺇﻓﻚ ﻣﺒﻴﺍ ﻫﻭﻗﹶﺎﹸﻟﻮ
ﻦ ﹺ ﹾ
.ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻜﹶﺎﻥ ﺎﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﻦﻳﻨ ﹸﻭﹶﻟﺌﻚ
ﻣ ﹶ ﺃ
ﺎﻧﻴ ﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳊﻴٰﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺍﹾﻟﺒﻨﻮﻥ ﺯﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﹶﹾﻟﻤ
ﺪ ﹸ ﹶ ﹶ ﹺ ﹸ
ﺎ ﻭﺧﻴﺮﺍﺑﻚ ﹶﺛﻮﺤﺎﺕ ﺧﻴﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗ
ﺑ
.ﹶﺃﻣﻼﹰ
.ﻰﺎﺀ ﺍﹾﻟﺤﺴﻨﹶﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﺳﻤ
ُ
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23. Examples of Simple Sentences from Qur’an
85:21 It is a glorious Qur'an
21:24 This is a reminder
21:50 This is a blessed reminder
20:112 He is a believer
6:16 He is one God
19:36 This is a straight way
ﻫﻮ ﹸﺮﺁﻥ ﻣﺠﻴﺪ
ﹺ ﻗ ﹲ
ﻫﺬﺍ ﺫﻛﺮ
ﹾ
ﺎﺭﻙﻫﺬﺍ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﺒ
ﹾ
ﻫﻮ ﻣﺆﻣﻦ
ﻫﻮ ﺇﹺﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ
ﺮﺍﻁ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢﻫﺬﺍ ﺻ
ﹲ
11:77 This is a day
ﻳﻮﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ
11:103 That is a day
ﻳﻮﻡ ﻟﻚﺫ
2:2 That is the Book
ﺎﺏﻟﻚ ﺍﹾﻟﻜﺘﺫ
43:30 They said: “This is sorcery (mere magic)”
44:44 This (will be) a painful torment
46:12 This is a confirming Scripture
50:2 The disbelievers say: “This is a strange thing.”
53:56 This is a warner
54:8 The disbelievers will say: “This is a hard day.”
77:38 This is the Day of Decision
ﺍ: ﻫﺬﺍ ﺳﺤﺮﻗﹶﺎﹸﻟﻮ
ﻟﻴﻢﺬﺍﺏ ﹶﺃﻫﺬﺍ ﻋ
ﻕ ﺎﺏ ﻣﺼﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﺘ
ﺪ
ﻓﻘﹶﺎﻝ ﺍﹾﻟﻜﹶﺎﻓﺮﻭﻥ: ﻫﺬﺍ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﺠﻴﺐ
ﹺ ٌ
ﹶ ﹶ
ﻳﺮﻧﺬ ﻫﺬﺍ
ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﺴﺮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﺎﻓﺮﻭﻥ: ﻫﺬﺍ
ِ
ﹶ ﹸ ﹸ
ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﹾﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ
ﹺ ﹶ
11:103 That (will be) a Day of Testimony
ﻮﺩ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﺸ ﻟﻚﺫ
ﻬ ﹶ
16:116 This is lawful and this is forbidden
ﺍﻡﻼﻝ ﻭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﺮﻫﺬﺍ ﺣ
ﹲ
14:52 This is a Message for mankind
Nominal Sentence From Qur'an.doc
ﺎﺱﻠﺑﻼﻍ ﻟ ﻫﺬﺍ
ﹶﹲ ﻨ ﹺ
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